Mafuta engoro ye injini ye diesel ne turbine: sarudzo, mavara, maitiro

Kugadzirisa mvura ye dizeli uye petroli engjini zvakasiyana kubva kune imwe. Ndeupi musiyano uye rudzii rwemafuta rinofanira kudirwa mu injini yedieleri? Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera.

Diesel load

Pasi pemafungiro akajeka ezvose zvinodiwa kuti motokari yemoteri yejerieri ine turbine inofanira kufanana, zvinokosha kuti inzwisise kushanda kwemotokari yakasiyana nezvinoitika kune petrol unit.

Diesel engines yakaiswa kune rimwe rinotyisa rinorema uye rinoshandisa mafuta pamusoro payo. Panguva imwe chete, kuumbwa uye kupisa zvinowanzoitika nokukurumidza. Nokudaro, zvakaoma zvikuru kuongorora kupisa kwakakwana kwemafuta, uye semugumisiro, zvakawanda zvese zvisikwa zvinoramba zviripo. Nemhaka yekumanikidzika kukuru mumakamuri anopisa, magasi anoputira mukati meganda. Somugumisiro, iyo inoshandisa mvura inoshandiswa inogadzirisa zvakawanda. Nzira yeiyo inonzi yakwegura yemafuta inoenda nekukurumidza.

Kukura kwemafuta

Uku kukwegura kunowanikwa apo mafuta ekutanga anotanga kuchinja apo motokari iri kufamba. Inogadziriswa mashizha, inosvibisa mvura, pamwe nemvura uye zvikamu zvinokonzerwa nekupfeka kwejini nekugadzirwa kwemafuta. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogadziriswa inogadziriswa inoitika, uye mafuta nezvose zvinowedzera zvinokurumidza kushanda. Panguva imwe chete, dzimwe dzadzo dzinopisa, apo gorozi rinopedzwa mumoto. Kunyange zvakakurumidza izvi zvinowanikwa mumagetsi akare. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuti mafuta anoshanda nezana zana, kuve nekugadzirisa zvakanakisisa kushanda kwejini.

Kusiyanisa kwemafuta kwemajeri

Motokari yejini inonzi diesel ine turbine ine zvimwe zvimwe zvinowedzera pane zvinyorwa zvepaini. Mukuona kwekuti mafuta acho haapisa zvachose, muwandu we detergent uye disperant additives mauri unofanira kuva mukuru. Nemhaka yeimwe yezvinhu, zvikamu zvinokwanisa kuva mumamiriro akamira. Rimwe racho rinopa kuderedzwa kwekugadzirisa kabhoni pamabhadharo pazvinhu zvegasi kushandiswa kwemichina uye cylinder -piston boka. Sezvo pane zvakawanda sulfure mutizai dizeli kuitira kuti kuderedza huni, huwandu huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvealkaline nedzimwe hutachiona hunoiswa mukati mejini injini ye injini ye diesel ine turbine.

Mukuwedzera, hutsva hutsva mumunda wemafuta nemafuta inobvumira kufambiswa kwemavara matsva emafuta ane zvisikwa zvose uye visiketi.

Viscosity uye kirasi (total)

Funga nezvemazita akagamuchirwa munyika nokuda kwemafuta anogadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari. Saka, hutachiona hunotaridzika hunoratidzwa neAIDS index (somuenzaniso, 5W30). Zvadaro unhu hwemafuta hunoratidzwa neAPI (somuenzaniso, SF / CC). Tsamba idzi dzinorevei?

Yokutanga yeiyi, "S", inoratidza kuti mafuta anogona kushandiswa kuine petrol units. Chechipiri, "C" - inobvumira kushandiswa kwemajini engorozi. Kunyora kuburikidza nechikamu chinoparadzanisa chinoratidza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumvura, kureva kuti, inogona kushandiswa kune imwe yemhando yejini uye imwe. Tsamba dzechipiri dzinoratidza huwandu hwezvinhu zvekushandisa, mune mamwe mazwi ivo ikirasi yehutano. Nhamba yepamusoro yezvinodiwa inosvika kure nekutangira kweLatin alphabet. Iko ndiko kuti, kufambisa tsamba kubva pakutanga, yakakwirira huno.

Kune injini dze dizieri kune maitiro akadaro:

• SS - inoreva chimiro chemajeri kana kuti yakagadziridzwa uye inokwanisa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma;
• CD - inoreva kuremara kwepamusoro uye kushanda kwete mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, asiwo kune mafuta ane zvinyorwa zvine sulfuri;
• CE - inoreva kudzvinyirira kwakakwirira kwekugadzirwa pashure pa193;
• CF-4 - inotaura nezvemaitiro mana shure kwe1990;
• CG-4 - mushure mekunge 1994, uko kushanda kweCF-4 kuri nani, kunosangana zvakanyanya zvekudhakwa;
• CA uye mafuta eBC haatengeswi, uye CD-11 neCF-2 inogona kushandiswa pamakamuri maviri emagetsi.

Pamusoro pekunyorwa kwepa API, mafuta engjini ye injini yedizieri uye uye isina turbine, uyewo motokari yemafuta, inotsanangurwa maererano neACEA.

Nokuda kwezvinjini dizieri, zvinoratidzika seizvi:

• В1-96 - pamotokari pasina turbocharging;
• В2-96 - pamotokari ine turbo-inotyisa kana isina;
• В3-96 - nokuda kwemotokari yakachena ine yakasimudza kana isina yakawanda-yakadzidza;
• E1-96 - pamakori anokwidziridzwa zvakakwirira,
• E2-96 yakafanana neE1-96, asi yakavandudzwa;
• E3-96 - makori ane chikwata chepamusoro chakawedzerwa.

Viscosity uye kirasi (kugumisa)

Mune motokari dzemazuva ano dzisina mutero, CD kana B1 mafuta uye zvichikwira zvinofanira kushandiswa, uye mumagetsi ekugadzirwa kwemashizha shure kwe 1990 - CE kana B2 kirasi uye pamusoro. Izvo zvakanyanyisa zvinodiwa zvejini turbocharged hazvisi chete nekuda kwekutakura mitoro, asiwo kuva chivimbiso chekugara kwenguva refu uye kushanda kwenguva yakareba kwekunakidza kwakadai sekudhura se turbocharger.

Icho chinyorwa chekuvaraidza chinokosha zvakare. Munhu wose anoziva kuti iyi parameter inotaura pamusoro pezhizha, munguva yechando kana nguva yose-yemafuta. Mafuta echando ndiwo anonyanya kutarisa uye nhamba yavo inogona kunge iri, somuenzaniso, 30. Mafuta ose emwaka ane zvinhu zvose zvezhizha nechando, nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvikamu zvinopisa. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanira kuziva kuti havasi vsesezonki ose akanaka kune injini dzediinieri. Semuenzaniso, sevhisikizi yakadai sa 10W30, inokwanisa kutanga injini nekutanga kutonhora. Zvisinei, kwemazuva ano mashoma ekirasi haina kukwana. Ikirasi yakasvikidzika yakakodzera yemotokari inogara ichiratidzwa mubhuku rekudzidzisa, uye iyi parameter inofanira kuzadzikiswa. Mushure mezvose, iyi ndiyo mafuta akakwirira ejini injini.

Mineral or synthetics

Nheyo yeoiri yamafuta haisi yakakosha sezvinotaurwa pamusoro pezvikwata zvekirasi uye zvisikwa. Paunosarudza iyi parameter, kazhinji unoteerera zvakanakisisa purosi-quality chiyero. Zvechokwadi, kushanda pamvura inoshandiswa kwemvura kunodhura, asi mafuta edieleri emakinjini emagetsi ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu anowedzera zvakasimba uye anovimbika unhu hupenyu hwose. Nokudaro, kupfeka pajini kunenge kushoma pane izvi zvinoshandiswa, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kwayo zvigadzirwa. Synthetics zvakare zviri nani pakadzika.

Zvisinei, usafunge kuti mafuta edieleri ejini turbocharged engangogadzirwa chete. Kana iyo mineral mvura inosangana nehutano uye visiketi, inogonawo kushandiswa pachena nokuda kwemajini dizeli.

Mafuta "Mobil", "Lukoil", "Shell" kana "Castrol"?

Kana zvasvika kune mugadziri, nyaya iyi inowanzokonzera matambudziko kwete chete kune mutengi wemotokari, asi kunyange ye mechanic. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, kwakanga kusina chakanaka chekuti munhu weSoviet. Paiva nemhando mbiri, uye kwakanga kusina kukakavara pamusoro peizvi. Asi nanhasi kuburitswa kwemafuta kwakakura zvikuru zvokuti kunogona kurasikirwa nyore nyore. Kunyange zvakadaro, kumira pane imwe yemumwe wavo, zviri nani kusashandura marimi, uye kunamatira kune chero mupiki mumwe chete.

Kusiyana kwemafuta maererano nekwakatsanangurwa kwe API

Chikoro CJ-4. Izvi zvakataurwa muna 2006. Aya mafuta anosanganisira:

• Shell Rimula 15W40, Rotella T6 0W40;
• Oiri "Lukoil" yezvinjini dizeli "Avangard Professional" LA 15W40;
• Vamwe.

Chikoro CI. Inogona kushandiswa neye uye isina turbo. Pakati pavo:

• Mannol Diesel Turbo 5W40;
• Mafuta "Mobile" Exxon Delvac 1 ESP;
• Uye vamwe.

Iyo CH klasi yakakodzera yepamusoro-inonzi mana-stroke diesel engines. Izvi zvinosanganisira KIXX Dynamic 15W40 nevamwe.

Chikoro CG-4 chakakodzerwa nemakwikwi nehuwandu hwehutu hwakagamuchirwa muU.SA muna 1994.

Chikoro CF-4 chichatevera majini engoro kubva muna 1990 pakusunungurwa. Pakati pavo, somuenzaniso, WOLF Motor Oil 133/30.

Kirasi CF-2 inoshandiswa zveviri-stroke generator uye masimba emagetsi.

Mashoko mashoma nezvemafuta

Izvi zvinowanzoitika kuti vatyairi, mushure mekunge vaona mu tangi vakazora mafuta pashure pemakilomita 500-1000, vanotya kuti yakatove yakaderera, uye kunyange vanotenda kuti zvatove zvakakodzera kuchinja mafuta mumajini dizeli. Asi izvi hazvisi izvo. Hapana chinhu chinotyisa mune izvi kusviba, sezvo zvinongobereka bhuti, uyewo basa rezvinyorwa zvinotaurwa pamusoro apa rinoshandiswa.

Iko kune pfungwa yokuti kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro yakakosha kunowedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu hwemafuta. Uye izvi zvakare hazvienderani nezvakanaka, nokuti kushandisa zvinoshandiswa izvo zvave zvashanda zvazvo pachazvo zvichava zvakanyanya kuipa.

Vakawanda vari kubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pekuti ungashandisa miniti mashanu kuputika sejini dizeli. Maererano nemunyori, zvishandiso izvi hazvibatsiri, asi mune dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukuvadza injini. Nokudaro, kana iwe ukageza, mushonga wacho haufaniri kunge uri kuputika, asi huri hwepamusoro mafuta emajini engirozi, mutengo waunofanana neyezvinhu zvose zvakafanana. Zvinotora nzira iyi nguva yakawanda, zvakasiyana nemaminetsi mashanu-maminetsi, ayo ane utsinye, uye pamwe chete nemabhadharo anokwanisa kushambidza kuora uye zvinhu zverubha zviri pedyo nekudaro.

Kana zviri zvekushandisa kushandisa additives uye additives, zvakaoma kupindura zvisina kufanira. Zvisinei, zvakajeka kuti zvose zvinowedzera zvinowanikwa zviripo mumafuta pachake, uye nyaya dzavanenge dzichivandudza huri hwemafuta ari kutoshanda dzinoreva zvakawanda kune zviziviso zvekutengeswa kwemari chaiyo uye nzira dzokuwana mari pane izvi. Iko kazhinji haisi kubva pane zvakakosha zvinobatsira pakutsvaira mvura.