Macrolides: pamazita zvinodhaka, rondedzero

Zvakadaro boka sezvo macrolides, mazita kwezvinodhaka yakakwirira, zvichiratidza kuti rimwe noupamhi yakakwana kuchirapa mafomu. mishonga ava njodzi uye zvinoshandiswa zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira hunhu, kusanganisira avo kunokonzerwa intracellular tupukanana uye utachiona. Vane chinobatsira kurapa zvirwere ganda, mapfundo, kufema hurongwa, kusanganisira bronchitis uye mabayo siyana kukuvadza.

In kwazvo nemabayo vari vaishandisa macrolides, mazita mishonga izvo raanotaura mureza kurapwa protocols. Zvisinei, ane ruzivo nezvokukosha sangana nayo nevamwe inorwisa utachiona nevamiririri. Kakawanda vari kushandiswa pamwe cephalosporins. Kubatana uku kunoita kuti wezvikamu kuwedzera kubudirira zvose zvinodhaka pasina kuwedzera toxicity yavo.

kupatsanura pakati macrolides

Kupfuura nomazvo uye zvakakunakira kupatsanura boka iri zvinodhaka makemikari. Zvinoratidza kusiyana marongerwo uye kwakabva boka inorwisa mabhakitiriya anonzi "macrolides". The pamazita zvinodhaka riri pasi apa, uye kusiyanisa pachavo panyaya:

1. 14-membered macrolides:

• rwokuzvarwa kwakabva - erythromycin uye oleandomycin;
• Semi - clarithromycin uye roxithromycin, dirithromycin uye fluritromitsin, telithromycin.

2. azalide (15-Imeri) Macrolides: Azithromycin.

3. 16-membered macrolides:

• rwokuzvarwa mavambo - midecamycin, spiramycin uye dzhosamitsin;
• semisynthetic - midecamycin acetate.

kupatsanura Izvi zvinoratidza chete STRUCTURAL zviri boka zvinodhaka. The mazita wezvokutengeserana kupiwa pazasi.

mazita zvinodhaka

Macrolides - zvinodhaka izvo zvawanyora iwayo yakakura. In zvachose, sezvo vana 2015 pane 12 zvinodhaka muchikoro ichi. A nhamba mishonga ine unorapa izvi, zviri yepamusoro zvikuru. Vazhinji vavo vanogona kuwanikwa chemishonga zvakarukwa uye tora kurapa zvirwere zvinoverengeka. Uye vamwe mishonga iripo iri Kishi, sezvazvakanyorwa asina kunyoreswa zviri Pharmacopoeia. Mienzaniso mazita dzaishandiswa Formulations ine macrolides, zvinotevera:

• Erythromycin kazhinji anogadzirwa Formulations zvakafanana zita uye rwuripowo kunzwisisa zvinodhaka "Zener" uye "Izotreksin".
• Oleandomycin - zvinodhaka idzidziso "oletetrin".
• Clarithromycin: "Klabaks" uye "Klarikar", "Klerimed" uye "Klatsid", "Kleron" uye "Lekoklar", "Pilobakt" uye "Fromilid", "Ekozitrin" uye "Erasid", "Zimbaktar" uye "Arvitsin" "Kispar" uye "Klarbakt", "Klaritrosin" uye "Klaritsin", "Klasine" uye "coaters", "Klerimed" uye "Romiklar", "Seydon" uye "CP Clara."
• Roxithromycin rinowanzoshandiswa kuwanikwa muchimiro wezvokutengeserana zita Generic, uyewo chikamu zvinotevera zvinodhaka: "Ksitrotsin" uye "Romik," "Elroks" uye "Rulitsin", "Esparoksi".
• Azithromycin: "azivok" uye "Azidrop", "Azimitsin" uye "Azitral", "Azitroks" uye "Azitrus", "Zetamaks" uye "Z-Factor", "Zitnob" uye "Zitrolid", "Zitratsin" uye "Sumaklid "" Sumamed "uye" Sumamoks "," Sumatrolid "uye" TREMAKS-Sanovel "," Hemomitsin "uye" Ecomed "," safocid ".
• Midecamycin iripo sezvo mushonga "Macropen".
• Spiramycin inowanika se "Rovamycinum" uye "spiramycin Vero".
• Dirithromycin, fluritromitsin uye telithromycin uye dzhosamitsin haana anogadzirwa Kishi.

The mashandiro chiito pamusoro macrolides

Izvi dzakananga pharmacological boka - macrolides - rine bacteriostatic zvainoita sero muvamwe utachiona hwakakura zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa. Chete pamatunhu kuwanda anogona kupa bactericidal Chaizvoizvo, kunyange zvazvo izvi akaratidza chete murabhoritari zvidzidzo. The chete mashandiro chiito pamusoro macrolides - chinovhiringidza ichi mapuroteni kwetunhu kwemabhakitiriya muchitokisi. Izvi chibharo vose dzinotsanagura inokosha basa virulent muviri, zvichiita kuti kufa pashure pechinguva.

braking mashandiro mapuroteni usage chokuita asapinda 50S-subunit pamusoro kwemabhakitiriya ribosomes. Vane basa kwokuvaka polypeptide cheni panguva DNA usage. Saka anetseka kwetunhu STRUCTURAL mapuroteni uye virulence zvinhu zviri utachiona. Muchiitiko chino, zviri yakakwirira specificity kune kwemabhakitiriya ribosome kunokonzera hama kuchengeteka macrolides kuti muviri womunhu.

Kuenzanisa macrolides uye mamwe makirasi inorwisa mabhakitiriya

Macrolides akafanana ehupfumi kune tetracyclines, asi akachengeteka. Havazivi kutyora kukura marangwanda ane mwana. Sezvazviri fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides (mazita zvinodhaka yakapiwa pamusoro) anokwanisa rakapinza kupinda muchitokisi uye kubereka kuchirapa kuwanda mu nezvikamu zvitatu muviri. Izvi zvinokosha pakurapa mycoplasma nemabayo, legionellosis, campylobacteriosis uye chlamydial chirwere. Muchiitiko chino, macrolides - fluoroquinolones njodzi asi zvishoma kunobudirira.

macrolides All zvakawanda chepfu kupfuura penicillins, asi zvikuru tichitarisa kuti mukana wokuti dzichiri Kurwara. Muchiitiko chino, kuti penicillin mishonga ndivo vakachengeteka vakundi, asi zvichida kukonzera Kurwara. Saka, kuva yakafanana chakarondedzera inorwisa utachiona basa, macrolides anogona kutsiviwa aminopenicillins mu zvirwere zviri kufema hurongwa. Uyezve, rabhoritari netsvakurudzo kuti macrolides kuderedza kubudirira kuti penicillin ari pamwe kubvuma, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro kurapwa protocols kubvumira mubatanidzwa wavo.

Macrolides ari pamuviri uye kutarisira kacheche

Macrolides haakuvadzi zvinodhaka ari ndima chete cephalosporins uye penicillins. Izvi zvinobvumira kushandiswa zvavo panguva yepamuviri uye pakurapa vana. Havazivi kuvhiringidza chirongwa kukura pfupa uye shwashwa marangwanda, vane teratogenic ehupfumi. Chete azithromycin zvinofanira kungoitirwa fomu iri chekupedzisira chemwedzi mitatu yenhumbu. In chiremba kurapa uye penicillins uye cephalosporins, uye macrolides, akanyorwa mureza kurapwa protocols zvirwere, inogona kushandiswa pasina mukana chepfu muviri vakakurirwa.

A tsananguro vamwe macrolides

Macrolides (mishonga nyora isu ambotaurwa) mu kurapwa tsika unoshandiswa nevakawanda, kusanganisira zviri Kishi. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa 4 mumiririri wavo: clarithromycin uye azithromycin, erythromycin uye midecamycin. Ndoda kushandiswa spiramycin. macrolides kunyatsoshanda riri pamusoro chete, kunyange zvazvo iri kubudirira nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvikurukuru, clarithromycin, midecamycin, uye kuti vabudirire kunotoda kushanda inofanira kutorwa pazuva kaviri, nepo azithromycin inoshanda maawa 24. mumwe chete Hurumende nezuva kuti kurapwa kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa.

Erythromycin - ichi ndicho pfupi pamusoro macrolides zvose. Zvinofanira kutorwa 4-6 kanomwe pazuva. Nokuti chinonyanya inowanzoshandiswa munharaunda chimiro kuti kurapa mburwa uye ganda zvirwere. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti macrolides vakachengeteka vana, asi zvinogona kukonzera manyoka.