Kuzvionera - enyika chinoshamisa? Chii chinorehwa kuzvionera?

Chii kuzvionera? Ichi evasingatombonamati enyika rokuti, kana kutanga kuti munogona zvakasiyana nevamwe minda? Ndezvipi zviratidzo kuzvionera?

The multiplicity pamusoro mhirikiro

Shoko rokuti "kuzvionera" riri capacious chaizvo. Chinonzi dudziro ouzivi nayo - kuvapo imwe chinhu mikana akazvimirira vapenyu. Kana uri kudaro, tiri nezvinhu heteronomy, kureva kusavapo zviratidzo rusununguko. Panewo dudziro enyika rokuti, kana Simba - ane administrative (kazhinji kunyange state) dzidzo ane uchangamire pachinhu dzimwe nyaya. Pane evanhu kuziva Fani iyi - kuzvimirira kwevanhu kubva vamwe (vanhu kana munharaunda mapoka). Panewo mupfungwa dudziro rokuti, kana munhu kukura kunoitika pasina zvinooneka simba chero chinhu.

Kuzvionera - ndiko, sezvo mutemo, nyaya kana Fani (state). Muenzaniso Muchiitiko chokutanga - national-tsika kuzvionera (sangano chakagadzirirwa kuva chero urudzi), nokuti rechipiri - kuzvionera miganhu kunoreva rusununguko nzvimbo kana kumatunhu vamwe.

Kuzvionera munhoroondo akapoteredza

Shoko rokuti "kuzvionera" mune zvematongerwo kukosha kwenhoroondo anoziva zvikuru achangobva. Iye zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvikuru akatanga kushandiswa chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, zvakawanda inoshingaira - mushure Second World War. MuRussia, Zvisinei, Chiitiko kuti kuzvionera kwakapiwa rakawedzera kutarisirwa. Zvakakwana vari kudzidza zvakadzama munguva Soviet uye anoshandiswa tsika pakasikwa ehurumende masangano. Kuzvionera ariko Somuenzaniso, sezvo nyaya RSFSR. Ivo vari kunzwisisa, asi kwete changamire, asi kungotaura enyika mudziyo kwemashoko ari uchangamire emadzinza.

Mune RSFSR vaiva political kuzvionera (nyika), uyewo administrative (kumatunhu, maruwa). The chikuru zviri yokutanga yakanga pachavo remitemo kwayo, uye dzimwe nguva nyika, wechipiri - yakakura atenderwa hurumende. mhando iyi administrative kupesana uye akagara post-Soviet Russia nenzira dzakawanda. Ichi nhoroondo ruzivo akafanosarudza chidzoke rokuti "nyika kuzvionera". Izvi Chiitiko mumakore achangopfuura yazova kakawanda nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana enyika yokufungidzira - zvose Russia uye dzakawanda munhandare.

Kuzvionera: asi Chinese ruzivo

Muenzaniso ehurumende, akakwanisa abudirire chokubatanidza mukati memiganhu yawo akawanda madzinza, zvakawanda zviri zvikuru akafanana mumwe patsika uye mitauro - Chinese. Maererano nebumbiro remitemo China ndiyo vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehurumende. The Chinese hurumende yave kuzivikanwa 56 mapoka emadzinza vaigara munyika. Remasangano navo - asi Han kwavanobva. The zvikamu yasara vanonzi nenyika vashoma. Ivo rusununguko nekodzero mumunda enyika kuzvitonga.

Apo vashoma madzinza mu China kurarama tsindirana mumapoka, makasimbiswa zviremera zvomunzvimbo. The ukama pakati dzemadzinza vashoma uye Han Chinese kunobva kubatana, kuenzana, kubatana munyika, uyewo kunyatsoshanda zvoupfumi kukura. Kupiwa simba pamusoro GDP kukura munyika anogona kutaura kuti mharidzo dzose nenyika iri kubudirira. Muzviitiko zvakawanda ndiwo pahwaro raitonga vebato China - rechiKomonisiti. Mumazuva asati komiyunizimu uye Chinese vanhu havagoni kuziva Chiitiko kuti kuzvionera, chii. Mazano kuremekedzwa National zvido vemo kwakavakirwa kuitika administrative nemamiriro nyika.

Political kuzvionera: ruzivo kunyika dzakasiyana

Kuzvionera - ndiko, kana ukawana enyika akapoteredza, rusununguko ndima mukati ehurumende. Fani iyi ari mumutemo mune dzakawanda dzokuMadokero. Tora somuenzaniso, Spain. Sezvo chikamu nyika iyi ine zvakawanda zvionera masangano - the Basque Country, Andalusia, kana, muti, Catalonia. Kune mienzaniso kunzvimbo dzakadaro France (Corsica). In Finland, ari zvionera Aland Islands rusununguko.

A wakanaka chaizvo muenzaniso - Zimbabwe, riri of jure ndezvevanhu Denmark, asi of facto inopa akazvimirira chaizvo Municipality. Ndizvo kuti ari Faroe Islands. rezvitsuwa ichi, uyewo of jure chikamu Denmark ane Somuenzaniso, vayo nhabvu chikwata. date Kutarisira dzemitemo idzodzo mu Europe chaizvo yezvisikwa: nharaunda idzi vakazvimirira zvinetso mumunda evanhu pakukura uye dzidzo. Mugore zvionera Munzvimbo vakasikwa dzakabudirira, namasimba mukuru miviri wehurumende simba vari apora.

Kuzvionera mu unitary inoti

Kune mhando dzakawanda inokosha National zvematongerwo enyika - mubatanidzwa, mubatanidzwa uye unitary mamiriro. Kare kuvapo kuzvionera, sezvo vamwe vaongorori vezvematongerwo enyika, anogona kuva kwakaoma nokuda kushaya demarcation ose administrative miganhu. Zvisinei, chinoita kuti yokupa mune dzimwe nzvimbo mamwe masimba angava Somuenzaniso, kuti dzinza vanogara munyika imomo. The chikuru basa ehurumende chokusika kuzvionera kwakadaro - kupa kusimukira marudzi avo netsika ezvinhu yaizivikanwa, kutaura mumutauro waamai, kurarama upenyu maererano netsika dzenyika. Kune vazhinji unitary inoti, apo iye vakabudirira chinozoiswa mirawu kuzvitonga dzemadzinza mapoka China, Spain, France, Finland, Northern Ireland, Italy, Azerbaijan.

Kuzvarwa autonomies muRussia

Administrative enyika uye gadziriro Russia ano anopa zvakakwana guru-siyana masimba mugove kukosha yeUnited nyaya (achivaita Chokwadi, kuzvionera). Kuedza kutanga kusika miganhu dzakabatana kwakadaro munyika yedu raiswa pakarepo mushure 1917 chimurenga. Izwi 'National miganhu kuzvionera ". Fani iyi kunzwisiswa senzira kuzvitonga munzvimbo avo munyika, apo paiva dzinza sezvamunoita chinokosha vokuparidzira, ine yakasiyana nemamwe marudzi, tsika, mitemo yokuzvibata upenyu, mutauro.

Paiva zvirongwa kuti vaireva kupa simba renyika autonomies yakafara chaizvo masimba mukati yeUnited mamiriro (tora Somuenzaniso, vanhu Volga nharaunda kana chirongwa of Chuvash Republic). Asi kuguma zviremera vakasarudza kugara zvinogona kupa munhu marudzi Russia zviratidzo rusununguko, harirevi zvizere mamiriro changamire.