Kuwa uye ruzivo rwerwizi - chii ichocho? Tsanangura mazambuko ehova: Volga, Amur, Pechory

Rwizi irwu rwizi rwemvura yezvisikwa, izvo zvinoyerera mumugwagwa, izvo zvawakabudisa zvakare. Zvinokwanisika kuyera urefu hwemvura inoyerera, nhamba yezvikwereti zvayo, nzvimbo yenharaunda yakawanda, nezvimwewo. Chimwe chemashoko makuru e hydrological zviratidzo ndiyo nzvimbo yakasviba yorwizi. Zvakanaka sei kuverenga?

Chii chiri kuwira kwerwizi?

Nzira ipi zvayo yemasikirwo epasi yedu inoyerera ichibva kumusoro kumusoro. Chikonzero chechi ndicho chirevo cheMasimba ose eGreatness, anozivikanwa kwatiri tose, akawanikwa naIsaka Newton pakati pezana remakore rechi17. Nzizi dzose, sekutonga, dzinotangira kubva kune zvitubu zvepasi pevhu kana kuputika kubva kumahombekombe makuru. Ipapo vanotakura mvura yavo pasi (zvakanaka kana kuti nokukurumidza) kumakungwa nemakungwa.

Kuwa kwerwizi kunotiratidza kuti imwe kana imwe yemvura inorasikirwa sei mu "rwendo" pasi pepasi. Mune mamwe mazwi, uyu ndiwo mutsauko pakusvika pakati penzvimbo inotangira uye pfungwa yemuromo wemuromo. Kuwa kunogona kunge kwakakwana kana kusarura (apo iwe unoda kuverenga ichi chiyerero kwehumwe hurefu hwetsva).

Cherechedza kuwa kwerwizi chinhu chekutanga. Nokuda kweizvi iwe unofanirwa kuziva ruzivo rwezvakabva uye muromo. Somuenzaniso, tinopiwa rwizi A rine urefu hwemakiromita 2000, iyo inotanga rwendo rwayo pa 250 m, uye inoyerera ichienda kune dziva kune yakakwirira mamita 50. Kusiyana pakati pezvikamu zviviri izvi kuchave mamita 200. Ichi chichava kuwira kweRwizi A.

Kuziva kugwa, iwe unogona kuverenga nzvimbo yakasara yerwizi. Nzira yekuita nayo zvakarurama - verenga muchikamu chinotevera.

Nzira yekuverenga sei dhidient yemvura?

Nharaunda yerwizi ndiyo chiyero chekukosha kwekuwisira kwemvura kusvika pamwero wayo wose. Ichi chiratidzo chinogona kuratidzwa muzana, ppm (kakawanda), madigiri kana m / km.

Makomo emapani uye nzizi dzemakomo dzinosiyana zvikuru. Muchiitiko chekutanga, chiratidzo ichi hachiwanzopfuura 0.1 m / km. Makomo emakomo ane nzizi anogona kuva mashumi kana kunyange mazana emakore makuru.

Verenga chiyero ichi zvakare chiri nyore. Ngatidzokere kurwizi rwedu A, kukohwa kwaro mamita 200. Kuti uverenge mutsetse, zvakakosha kuparadzanisa huwandu huno nekukosha kwerwizi rurefu: 200 m / 2000 km = 0.1 m / km. Kuenderera mberi kubva pane izvi, tinogona kutaura kuti rwizi rwedu A runyoro uye rine rusiko rukuru rwemazuva ano.

Kuwa uye mutsetse weRwizi kunogona kuratidzwa zvakajeka. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa izvo zvinonzi mapurogiramu akareba. I-x-axis yemagiramu akadaro kureba kwerwizi, uye y-axis ndiko kukwirira kwenzvimbo. Iyi purogiramu inoita seyiyi:

Kuwa uye chidimbu cheVolga

Kugadzirisa matambudziko akadaro anodzidziswa muchikoro, mune zvidzidzo pamusoro pejiji mu grade 8. Tora semuenzaniso mukuru wemvura muEurope - Volga. Ngatiedzei kuverenga kuwa uye kutsetseka kwerwizi.

Ivo Volga inoyerera muchechi yeEurope yeRussia, mukati memakore gumi nemashanu ehurumende. Anogara achichinja mazano ake. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yeropa remvura munyika, iro rwizi rukuru kune dzimwe nyika kubva kune dzimwe nzizi dzisingatendereri mugungwa kana mugungwa.

Iyo Volga inotangira muValdai Upland, pakakwirira mamita 228 pamusoro pegungwa. Munharaunda yeAstrakhan, inopinda muGungwa reCaspian. Panguva imwe chete, muromo uri pakakwirira -28 mamita. Nokudaro, kuwa kwenyika kweVolga kune mamita 256. Iye zvino kuverenga rwizi rwemvura.

Iyo Volga inenge yakareba yakareba 3530 km. Panguva imwe chete, inounganidza mvura yaro kubva munzvimbo huru ye mamiriyoni 1,36 mamiriyoni. Km. Iyi yakawanda kane kupfuura nzvimbo yeGermany! Kuti uverenge mutsetse weVolga, inotevera chiitiko chemasvomhu chinofanira kuitwa: 256 mamita / 3530 km = 0.07 m / km.

Kuwa uye mutsetse weRwizi rwaAmur

Imwe yenzizi huru dzeFar East, inoyerera pakati pematunhu maviri (Russia neChina) ndiyo Amur. Chinyorwa chayo chinonzi inongova nzvimbo yekubatanidzwa kweShilka naArgun. Kureba kwechikonzero ichi pamusoro pehupamhi hwegungwa ndi30 mamita. Uyezve, Amur inoyerera zvikuru kumabvazuva uye inopinda muGungwa reOkhotsk. Kureba kwemuromo waro mamiriyoni. Nokudaro, kukonzera kukuru kweCidid iri mamita makumi matatu. Verengai mutsivi werwizi.

Cupid ine nguva yakazara ye 2824 km. Nharaunda yerwizi rwuri mamiriyoni 1,85 mamiro mita. Km. Kuti uverenge mutsetse weAmur, unofanirwa kuita chiito chemasvomhu chakaita: mamita 304/2824 km = 0.11 m / km.

Ichi chiratidzo chinotitaurira kuti Rwizi rweAmur "runorasikirwa" masendimita 11 muhupamhi pane chikamu chemvura ine khilomitha rimwe chete. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti ruzivo rwemumwe kana rumwe ruzivo rwemvura harusi ruzivo rwakanyanya. Mushure mezvose, maitiro ekugadzirisa (mamiriro okununura) umo rwizi rwerwizi rwuripo anogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya. Saka, zviri nani kuverenga ichi chiratidzo chezvikamu zviduku zviduku zvebhedha.

Kuwa uye kutsetseka kweRwizi rwePechora

Pechora irwizi rukuru rweRussia ruchiyerera mukati meKomi Republic uye Nenets Autonomous District. Inotangira mumakomo eNorth Urals, pakakwirira mamita 630 pamusoro pegungwa. Pechora inopinda muzita rimwechete remuromo weGungwa reBarents, ichiumba nzvimbo huru ye delta. Kureba kwemuromo ndiko 0 mamita. Verengera kugwa uye mutsetse weRwizi.

Pechora ine urefu hwe 1809 km. Kuwa kwerwizi ndiko 630 mamita. Nharaunda yerwizi rwePechora mukuenzanisa neVolga neAmur haisi huru - chete 330 mamiriyoni emamita. Km. Kuti uverenge mutsetse weRwizi rwaPechora, inotevera chiitiko chemasvomhu chinofanira kuitwa: 630 mamita / 1809 km = 0.35 m / km.

Sezvatinoona, pakati penzizi nhatu dzinofungidzirwa munyaya ino, kukanganisa kukuru kunowanzoitirwa Pechora. Nenzira yakawanda, tsanangudzo yechiratidzo ichi inobatsira maodrologists mukudzidza mupata weimwe rwizi, urongwa hwemvura uye nzira dzekushandisa.