Forensic Accounting: pfungwa uye nemifananidzo, nezvimiro uye nzira. Forensic ndizvidavirire. Kupatsanura, ukoshi Criminal Records

Mune nzwisisika uye kunyatsoongorora uye nenguva kurwisa uye kudzivirira mhosva kiyi basa reDare mashoko kusazvibata uye vanhu nokuita kwavo. Somumwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinopa anoita forensic ndizvidavirire. Funga zvakare kuti.

tsananguro

Concept uye mhando mhosva zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira zvinoverengeka chokuita mhando. The yokungotaura hwaro ari kwenguva nzvimbo yacho individualization zvinhu, avo hama kugadzikana uye mukana kwavo kuenzanisa. In mabhuku, pfungwa mhosva zvinyorwa ikarapwa sezvo kwegadziriro kunyoresa, arayira uye kuchengetera zvinhu kana pamusoro pavo ruzivo. The huru nzira ndiwo kuziva maitiro zvinhu. Chinangwa basa iri paumbwe hwaro Kuziviswa uye kudzivirira mhosva encroachments. Pfungwa mhosva zvinyorwa zviri zvinowanzoshandiswa vatevedzere mutemo.

Key zvinhu

Pakazosvika Criminal Records zvinosanganisira:

1. Register. Zvinomirira Kuda kutamba unhu zvinhu maererano mitemo pamberi yakakodzera zvigadziko. Registration kunoitika magwaro anokosha.
2. Systematization. Zvinomirira placement magwaro achitevedza nesayenzi dzakabudirira ezvinhu kwakavakirwa kupatsanura yokuzikanwa zvechadenga zvinhu.
3. Concentration (kuwanda). Kunosanganisira wevasungwa mashoko pamusoro vakanyoresa zvinhu kana zvinhu pachavo neimwe MAD chimwe.

Forensic chizvidavirire kunobva pakushandisa forensic mapikicha, kutukana asian, fingerprinting uye mamwe mashoko muunganidzwa nzira.

Zvinhu uye vanotongwa

Zvinyorwa izvi tsotsi dzinoshandiswa ari characterization:

1. Nzira vanopara mhosva.
2. Vachatongwa chinoshayikwa.
3. Zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira zvitunha zvevanhu.
4. Fire dzichapambwa zvombo nokuzvidira aisa, vaenda, zvakabiwa, vakarasika.
5. Aparecen akawanikwa panguva unsolved mhosva.
6. Mari yokunyepedzera.
7. Zvombo, cartridges, mabara, vakabata panzvimbo.
8. Falsified nachiremba kuti vawane mishonga simba kana zvinodhaka.
9. Ndokugadzira magwaro.

Kupatsanura mhosva zvinyorwa pamusoro nzira nokuita dzepabonde

Pane nzira dzakasiyana siyana kurekodha, kwetunhu uye kuunganidza mashoko. Somuenzaniso, mhosva zvinyorwa chokuita kunyoresa, systematization uye kungotaurawo nzira yokuita dzepabonde. Akaumba rinokosha mashoko umbowo kutsigira zvinhu munguva mashandiro mhosva mabasa, uye pasi navo kuti vaite. Zvinonzi inobva dzinongoitika ehupfumi kwevanhu richiratidzwa. Vanovata dzokororo uye munhu nzira imwe ipa chiito. Iyewo, dzakaonekwa panguva vakaongorora utsotsi kuitika, kuurayiwa nevamwe rwokutsvakurudza uye kutsvaka kushandiswa.

pakunamata makabhati

Kune mamwe marudzi uye nzira forensic chizvidavirire nzira vanopara mhosva. Zvikurukuru, kunyoresa, systematization uye kuunganidza mashoko rinoitwa maviri kadhi mafaira. Wokutanga anounganidza mashoko mhosva, vapari vemhosva zviri kuisa, uye wechipiri - pamusoro mabasa zvakaitwa zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira vanhu. Forensic chizvidavirire rinoitwa panguva kwematunhu uye nemakanzuru chechetere.

Chitima, asingazivikanwi vanhu

Forensic Zvidavirire pamusoro masangano aya ari kuitwa panguva kwematunhu pamwero uye GIZ Ushumiri Affairs Internal. Zviri hurongwa faira makabhati dziri interlinked mumwe nomumwe. Ivo aibatanidza chitupa inoumbwa chete mharidzo, uye anopa pamutemo zvechadenga chokunze zviratidzo vanhu. Centralized forensic chizvidavirire chiri kuitwa nevanhu akanyangarika nezvikonzero isingazivikanwi, muduku, vakapukunyuka kubva kushandiswa masangano, vakwegura, asi mupfungwa kurwara, zvirema uye vamwe vanhu vane nokuzivikanwa anogona haangasimbiswi. Panewo imwe ruzivo mujinga pamusoro zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira zvitunha, gurwa uye skeletonized kusanganisira.

Features kadhi patani

Nechemberi kurutivi gwaro sezvo vasisina munhu vakapinda wevanotungamirira Data anoratidza kunyangarika nzvimbo uye mamiriro ezvinhu umo zvaitika. Pamepu iri akaisa pakunamata musi runoenzanirana chikumbiro pamusoro vaida list, akatsanangura matanho akatorwa kuona njodzi murume. Rezasi chikamu gwaro, uye hafu seri yakachengeterwa rondedzero nguvo, nezviratidzo, shangu uye zvimwe zvinhu. To mepu vakashandisa 2 mapikicha ari vakanyangarika munhu.

zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira zvitunha

Forensic kuongorora inobatsira kuti kuziva munhu akafa. Zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira zvitunha vanofanira chaidzo zvairayirwa kunyoresa. Nokuti chitupa ichi chinokosha iri rakapa. Iye akazadza mumoyo nouya. Mumwe rwunotumirwa miganhu IC ATC, naMia, wechipiri - iri GIZ. Mepu inoratidza pasi kwechitunha, uye zera rake (chitarisiko), nguva rufu uye kuwanikwa muviri. Pepa anopa rondedzero yakatodzama chitarisiko, kunyanya mazino. The kadhi anoitwa chaidzo zviratidzo uye chitunha, uye zvipfeko zviri mariri (kana pane mumwe), akaziva panguva vaanotonga. The fanira muviri mifananidzo. 3 glued kuti mepu mufananidzo: mugwara, akasiya Profile, uye mberi. Pane nguva apo munhu anowana marangwanda (skeletonized chitunha). Muzviitiko izvi, kuti dehenya akatumira forensic nyanzvi naMia. Nyanzvi zvidzidzo chako pedutu. Aivawo mifananidzo uye pasted kupinda mepu. By mifananidzo tarisa mashoko Database kuti zvisipo vanhu. Kana hazvibviri kuita zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira zveminwe cadaver ganda nokuda kukuvadzwa reminwe, brushes otchlenyayutsya kubva mumuviri uye akaisa ari mudziyo remvura, uye ipapo akatumirwa nyanzvi. maoko unyanzvi pasi vavashandire kuti fingerprinting nechepazasi dermal rukoko.

Background Check

Nokuti chinonyanya vakarongeka kushandiswa mhosva zvinyorwa zviri earufabheti, fingapurindi nezvimwe pakunamata. Ivowo, dzikarongwa nevanhu pasi mhosva kuita, kushaikwa, kana zvakakumikidzwa ari ATC zvichingodaro. Kana zvakakodzera, forensic chizvidavirire rinoitwa pamwe kunobatanidza nyanzvi mumunda fingapurindi kuzivikanwa uye mufananidzo. Kuona zvinocherechedzesa mitumbi vasingazivikanwi kushandisa nzira epurasitiki kupora mune vivo mufananidzo womunhu dehenya, uyewo kombiyuta Modelling.

fingerprinting

Aparecen vakabata kubva muchimiro, uye enzvimbo vanhu, mashoko pamusoro riri sledoteke yakanyorwa panguva kwematunhu uye nemakanzuru mumatunhu forensic zviumbu uye madhipatimendi of Interior Ministry mhosva kuongorora. kutsikisa Izvi zvinounza pamwe makadhi mifananidzo chete fingapurindi boka uye uye zvimedu zvawo, uye fingapurindi kadhi. Kushandisa Nzira aya forensic ndizvidavirire Interior Ushumiri vakuru kuziva chokwadi kuti kusiya zvisaririra zviri siyana utsotsi mifananidzo mumwe munhu. Zviri dzimwe nguva anoshanda sehwaro mukutonga. Fingapurindi Verification rinoitwa pasi fingapurindi faira cabinet guta (dunhu) VD madhipatimendi kana Makwara, yaunganidzwa zvakabudiswa nyaya dzinobatanidzwa pakuburitswa sezvo vanofungidzirwa.

Mhando fingapurindi mafaira

Desyatipaltsevym hwaro kubvumira kuti kuziva vemhosva vari achihwanda dare uye kuongorora masimba pasi Name kwenhema, Name Last kana kuramba yapfuura nechivimbo. pakunamata kwakadaro zvinopawo mukana chigaro ndivanaani zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira miviri, kana vagari kare akashayika vakanyorwa pamusoro fingapurindi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kwakadaro nechigadziko rinoshandiswa uye kana kuongorora Makwara, vakabata kubva panzvimbo unsolved mhosva. Search tenprints miganhu IC ATC MVZH kunobvira chete kana kuwanikwa asingasviki 6 siyana munwe rinodhindira mumwe murume, asi GIZ - dzinenge masere. chinodiwa yakadaro nokuti desyatipaltsevym pakunamata inoitwa manually. Check pavari zvikuru rakaoma nokuda nekusagona fingapurindi rokubvisa fomura. Asati pakuongorora dzendege kana dzendege anozadza ushandiswe chimiro, vakaiisa kwachiri tenprints nyaya. Ramunoti rakaiswa chepakutanga, nekuti kopi arege zvachose kuratidza chaiyo zvinhu uye zvinhu fingapurindi avaiita. Izvi zvinoomesa zvikuru bvunzo.

Registration nhumbi mhosva

Forensic chizvidavirire zvakabiwa nepfuti rinoitwa panguva kwematunhu uye batana mumatunhu. Makadhi akanyorwa se aisa wakasuduruka nokuzvidira, vakarasika nematurusi. Makadhi anoratidza zvinoitwa chombo:

1. Model.
2. View.
3. Number.
4. Country / mugadziri.
5. Caliber.

The kadhi rine mashoko pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu zvombo zvaibiwa, atorwe, vakarasika. MAD hunoratidzawo kuita search. Systematization ari kuitwa mhando chombo. Zvikamu anoiswa pamusoro yokutevedzera uye hurongwa, mune vachikwira kuti nhamba dzavo. Kubviswa kubva mazita rinoitwa kubva musi pakutanga kuferefeta kubva pamusoro vasabatwa vamwe yapfuura makore gumi. Pamusoro kuonekwa Kuchinja pamusoro pfuti anotaura series, nhamba, gore gadzira kana, kana parameters aya akaratidza zvakakwana, zviri akatuma kuongororwa.

zvombo Register

Inter Alia, nemutadzi zvinyorwa anorondedzera pulegilzoteka. Registration runodiwa kuti zvombo zvose wakasuduruka kusango unsolved mhosva. Mukuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvinochengetwa experimentally kupfura pfuti, inova yoga nyaya pakuona kuti kushandiswa kwayo basa zvisiri pamutemo zviito kana anoshumira chinhu kurwisa. File makabhati zvombo iri Bazi Internal Affairs uye Regional forensic Science Center pamusoro MAD dzakabatana. Ndivo dzakaunganidzwa anoshongwa, mabara, anoshongwa vane kungoda Threaded cartridges. zvinhu zvose zviri anoparadzirwa maererano kugadzikana mukati mafaira. Saka, mumwe bara kuburikidza hurongwa maturusi uye kukura, kutungamirira uye uwandu pakati rifling zvinoratidza. Kana hurongwa hazvizivikanwi, systematized maererano mhando ravakanga vari chinangwa.

Features kuenzanisa

Vachiongorora kuti pulegilzoteke chokwadi kunoita kuti pave imwe kushanda (kana mapfumo nokuzvidira wakasuduruka) zvokurimisa basa mabasa zvisiri pamutemo. Uyewo ari mujinga anogona tsunga kana chete chinhu mune zviitiko zvakasiyana anobatanidzwa. Kana kurega zvombo hazvo zvakaongororwa Accounting akarasika, achitorwa, zvakabiwa, nokuzvidira mapfumo. Izvi zvinoteverwa kungopfura. The zvichiguma anoshongwa uye mabara akatumwa wotarisa pulegilzoteku. Panopera nzira uye akapa kadhi kuzoshora Database. Tapedza kudzidza muedzo uyu, vakazara ruzivo. It rwunotumirwa vandine. Kana zvakanaka mhinduro, kuongorora rinoitwa, munhu akaipa - zvinhu woiswa pulegilzoteku.

ndokugadzira mari

Yokunyepedzera Banknotes kuverengwa centrally panguva forensic Science Center. Card maindex muri muunganidzwa nyepera ivhu nokurondedzera anokosha makadhi. Usati kutumira mari aongorore, akaita kuongororwa kana rokutanga kudzidza bhangi manotsi, izvo zvakakonzera mubvunzo. Kana chitsotsi vagara vandifungira ayo nzira nhema mamiriro uye zvinhu sezvamunoita, panobva panowanikwa aidzidza zvinhu. Nyepera Russian uye vatorwa bhengi manotsi vanonzi nokuda voga. Kunyoresa uye systematization mashoko pamusoro ndokugadzira mabhiri zvinoitwa kudhinda, zvakazara zvoga. With kadhi iri kombiyuta chinotarisirwa coded ruzivo pamusoro dhinominesheni, nhamba uye yaitevedzana nenzira falsification zvinhu. Kana kutanga chete tsime mavambo akabudisa mashoko pamusoro kuvapo dzakafanana zvikwereti. Kana asingadi, pakunamata zvaitwa updating, vakapiwa kusavapo mashoko pamusoro zvakafanana zvinhu.

zvinyorwa zvenhema, Quick, zvinyorwa

Nekurangarira kuti nyepera mapepa akaita zvokudhinda nzira rinoitwa munyika Ecc. Zvinosanganisira arrays magwaro yepakutanga, photocopies pamusoro negatives, zvimiro vakasikwa clichés uye nedzimwe nzira, kusanganisira photocopying midziyo. Meaning mhosva zvinyorwa ndokugadzira magwaro rakaoma kuona. Zvikuru kushanda nayo anowana iri falsification pamusoro Quick kuti anopa munhu simba, marwadzo kana psychotropic zvinodhaka. zvinyorwa vakadaro vakaramba panguva remunharaunda chechetere. Izvi imhaka yokuti Quick kutora chete chemishonga pamusoro nyaya iri zvakanyorwa. Nekurangarira nyepera zvokurapa zvinyorwa zvakananga anoratidza chokwadi pamusoro falsification, gadza Hardware kuti zvaishandiswa chinangwa ichi. Kunyanya Artist inogona pakutsvaga pakuongorora manyorerwo ivhu.

zvinhu

chizvidavirire kwavo rinoitwa achiedza zvoga search engine. On faira rine ruzivo kwete chete pamusoro chakabiwa uye muchipo kuperevedza nhumbi, asiwo vanhu vainge vapara kuba mu chokufambisa. Database ruzivo akasikwa pachishandiswa mishumo zvifambiso mapurisa. The kunyoresa kadhi anofanira dzinosanganisira:

• Musi ipa chiito.
• Nyorai mukwende zvakabiwa uye zvinhu.
• Mari uye mamwe mashoko.

Makadhi aigona ane ruzivo pamusoro nyaya vakaita kuba, kana vari iiswe. Search hwaro inoshandiswa kuona mamiriro ezvinhu mhosva, mukana wokuti nokuita umbavha anoverengeka mumwe munhu ari muitiro kuedza kunobatanidza dzakananga yevaifungidzirwa kuti nyaya kuferefetwa mune dzimwe nguva dzinoverengeka.

Auto Registration

Transport mvumo, vatyairi uye motokari varidzi tiri kuitwa zvoga nzira. Zvinonzi zvinowanzoshandiswa kuferefeta petsaona, kuba uye motokari kuba. Mune kudzosa gadziriro, akaisa mashoko pamusoro ose chokufambisa, iro yomumugwagwa mapurisa rakapa magwaro. The Database munewo mashoko pamusoro vatyairi, motokari varidzi, vakarasika uye zvakabiwa date machira. Information kudzosa hurongwa unokubvumira kuisa muridzi, akawana motokari yakabatwa. Uyezve, kushandisa data, mapurisa anoratidza chokwadi chitsotsi kana kuba unyanzvi mapasipoti, ubudise kutsvaka motokari yakabiwa uye zvabiwa.

Mhosva Zvikurukuru ngozi

Izvi, kunyanya, ari mubvunzo kwakaunzwa kuuraya, kuba, chikuru kuba. Nhoroondo iyi, kufanana yapfuura ndivo, anonyatsokwanisa zvoga. Registration pasi chakanga chakafanorongwa umhondi nyaya, kana mune nyaya faira pane zveminwe kana zvimwe chaiko uchapupu. Kana akapakatira, zvinyorwa avo vakaramba, kana vakazvipira vane pfuti, kunzwisisa rwokugadzira namano. The yokupedzisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira autogenous, nomoto, zvinoputika uye zvichingodaro. Centralized zvinyorwa zviri nekugadzirwa mhosva zvakaitwa zvikwata zvomumigwagwa, kwete kwokutanga pane 2 months pashure Implementation ari pamutemo mabasa. Kana mutadzi awanikwa panguva kuferefeta asi akanyangarika, ayo mashoko vari akatanga kuva kudzosa hurongwa. Nechepasi yaishandiswa panguva bvunzo shanduro mukana wokuti vamwe kusazvibata nomumwe sangano (nzira), kana achienzanisa uwandu yevaifungidzirwa maererano "pedu asian", uyewo kuburikidza Kufambisa zvokuita kuferefeta zviitiko zvakafanana.

mhedziso

Saka, forensic chizvidavirire - kunzwisisa multi-yakati hurongwa. It anounganidza mashoko akasiyana-siyana zvinhu, vanhu, zviratidzo, zvinyorwa uye zvichingodaro. Kushandisa michina ine hurongwa rave yekudyidzana racho rikurumidze kutsvaka uye Kuongorora ruzivo. Izviwo, inopa operative ruzivo, avo nenguva kushanda kuferefeta. Zvikuru kukosha ndiyo systematization mashoko ari Databases siyana. Various algorithms uye dunhu yaishandiswa kwetunhu uye boka ruzivo. Kushandiswa mashoko gadziriro kunoita kwete chete kuburitsa asiwo kudzivirira mhosva dzakasiyana-siyana.