Kukarukureta kubata chiedza. Street okuvimba. Kukarukureta okuwana nzvimbo okuvimba

Munguva dzekare, chiedza panoonekwa vanhu sezvo kutanga, izvo zvaitsamira kuda dzakakwirira zvisikwa ... Nhasi hachisi chakavanzika sei unogona kudzora nemwaranzi ichi, chii chacho zvazviri, sei kuverenga hazvizivi chiedza.

Kushaya chiedza mwaranzi kunoguma chinokosha kuderera kuti kunyatsoshanda, Kuipa utano uye kuderedza kumunetsawo. Panyaya iyi, iyo inokosha rakarurama uye achiita zvaidiwa utsanana zvinodiwa, placement uye kubatana zviri okuvimba Fixtures. For zvinobatsira emakambani achange kutenga simba-vakarongeka zvokushandisa indoor uyewo kundima.

chiedza waivako

Muna wavelength siyana 380-780 nm ari Manyiminya remagetsi nemwaranzi chakarondedzera anova kuoneka. Inogona dzinoratidzwa anotevera tsika:

1. Luminous nekubudisa (chikamu chino Manyiminya mwaranzi iri panoonekwa nomunhu sechiedza). The chairema yakayerwa ndiyo lumen. Mune Masvomhu anonzi F.

2. Simba chiedza (the arambe achirema of luminous zvinoyerera nzvimbo akarara nenzira akabatana pakati yakasimba angled). It runotaurwa sezvo ini, uye akayera mu candelas.

3. hwakasimba angled (chikamu chino nzvimbo, iyo yakaronga mukati conical pamusoro). Akayera mu steradians. It inoratidzwa dzemaitirwe W.

4. jekeso inoratidza kukosha penyika arambe achirema ari luminous nekubudisa. Iri muumbozha Unit, uye runotaurwa E.

5. Kupenya ndiro pamusoro simba arambe achirema danda pamusoro iyo iri kutungamirirwa ichi. kuyerera ichi unotaurwa candelas por mativi mita uye runotaurwa L.

6. kudzvokora indekisi (P) chiyero kudzvokora okuvimba mano.

7. illuminance ripple chokuratidza (K), akayera mu muzana, rinoshandiswa rokuongorora hama kudzika illuminance nokufamba.

8. chokukomborerwa kusagadzikana (M) rinoshandiswa sezvo chokuratidza kunyatsoongorora kusanzwa kudzvokora, izvo chinoita manzwiro kundikuvadza maziso omunhu apo makamuri nonuniform zvivara mumunda maonero.

kuyera nhumbi

Various luxmeters inoshandiswa kuona illuminance. Somuenzaniso, chikwata "U-116" kunoita kuti iwe overenga parameter ichi wakadenha incandescent uye dzinongoitika chiedza. Light mita inoshandiswa kudzora chiedza mune zvokurima, zvekufambisa, bhizimisi uye mamwewo.

Kuyera mamwe zvakawanda, zvakadai kupenya, kuti pulsation reshiyo, akashandisa analoginen-digitaalinen zviridzwa. Muenzaniso wavo kwemwoyo tarisisa-chiedza mita "ARGUS-07". Nheyo huchishanda - zvokuchinja luminous nekubudisa iri wakadenha kwenguva zvinhu, kuramba zvemagetsi chiratidzo Proportional kuti illuminance. Uyezve, zviri dzikwanise digital remitemo kuti anoratidzwa pamusoro electronic scoreboard.

Mhando chiedza pakuburitswa

Kana kamuri nokuvhenekerwa chete mwenje, uriri mwenje, mwenje, chiedza chakagadzirwa kureva, kunonzi kubata chiedza. Zvakakosha kuumba akasununguka kushanda zvakatipoteredza, chakaipa nokushanda zvivako uye nhandare. Inogona kukamurwa marudzi anotevera:

1. Working.
2. Security.
3. Emergency.
4. House.

Chokutanga chinoshandiswa kujekesa mahofisi, nzvimbo basa kunze rokuvaka. Wechipiri uye chechina mhando chiedza kunobatanidzwa vasiri mabhizimisi kwemaawa, uye wechitatu inoratidza yenjodzi migumo, siyana kuchengeteka zvinhu. Chakagadzirwa chiedza zvingava zvakakurumbira, umo Marambi yakarongwa noruvara munzvimbo yepamusoro nzvimbo muhofisi, kana vasanganiswa. Kana yechipiri nhamba akawedzera chiedza dzematunhu kuti akasika mwenje yaiva pedyo kubasa.

Inotevera mhando maindasitiri chiedza iri dzinongoitika. Panowo kunongova dzakawanda: lateral, pamusoro, vasanganiswa. First - ndiwo kana chiedza chezuva anopinda mumba kuburikidza skylights iri kwokunze masvingo. At chiedza yechipiri apfuure mawindo pamadziro munzvimbo vanosiyira Kukwirira chivako kana zviedza. Chechitatu mhando anosanganisa repamusoro uye divi okuvimba. Izvi mhando chiedza kunonyanya zvakafanira muna kwakavakirwa pamwe dzose pamberi vazhinji.

Combined mhando chiedza kunosanganisira dzinongoitika uye chakagadzirwa. Rinoshandiswa chaiyo zviitiko apo basa riri kuitwa kubva pakutanga kusvika wechitatu vanochiva kana zvakafanira nzvimbo-yekuronga negadziriso pakuvaka kana apo hwokugadzira uye upfumi feasibility kunosimbiswa Masvomhu.

Dzemunharaunda mhando okuvimba

At zviruva parameters mitemo vanofanira kuvimba SNP "Natural uye kubata chiedza." Nokudaro Improvement jekeso yaidzorwa kwayo zvishoma bvumidzwa pamwero yakavakirwa zvainyanya uye mhando basa anoitwa kutarisana (RR). Kune zvitatu marudzi Zvakanaka lr:

1. Wokutanga zvinosanganisira mabasa umo haumanikidzwi kushandisa Manyiminya namano. kusiyanisa chinhu ichi nyaya zvingave zvakasiyana kure ziso.
2. Wechipiri rinobvumira kushandiswa Manyiminya mano apo vachiita basa. Chikonzero ndiwo chaizvo duku kukura chinhu, usina panoonekwa ziso.
3. The wechitatu unosanganisira basa riri zvakakodzera kugamuchira mashoko kubva chidzitiro. Nekuti anokosha zvinodiwa kushanda chiedza zviri sangano mhando iyi.

In uchabvumirana SNP "Natural uye chakagadzirwa jekeso" ndiwo anotevera hunhu ziso mabasa pasina kushandisa optics buditsa subclass. Chokutanga achiumbwa nokuda kukura rusarura chinhu, uye wechipiri - pamusoro ibatanidzo nenyama uye Kusiyana nechekumashure chinhu rusaruro. Nokuti mumwe normalized luminance unhu, chikamu luminance, kuti pulsation reshiyo dzavo kukarukureta nzira chakagadzirwa jekeso.

Kana chiedza mukamuri kana kukabatanidzwa dzinongoitika, ipapo RR kubuda coefficient zvechisikigo chiedza. Ndicho reshiyo rwokuzvarwa chiedza wakatarwa wehunyambiri chiedza rokunze, iyo pave isina denga chiedza.

Kana dzinongoitika chiedza chiri rutivi uye imwe-nzira, pane risingamboshandisi ukoshi KEO mune pfungwa riri mharadzano ane wehunyambiri ndege muchinjikwa chikamu nzvimbo uye zvimiso dzichipfekeka pamusoro pa chinhambwe 1 M parusvingo, riri kure kubva chiedza apertures. Kana repamusoro kana kukabatanidzwa jekeso, ipapo kukarukureta anotora avhareji kukosha coefficient iri pfungwa iri panguva mharadzano ane kutwasuka sandara ndege chikamu uye kushanda pamusoro.

Kukarukureta kubata chiedza

The chinhu wokutanga kusarudzwa norudzi chiedza bhuku iri nyaya iyi. Zvinokoshawo kuziva okuvhenekesa maitiro uye abvume. The chinhu chechipiri kuchava placement ari kuhofisi yasarudzwa luminaire uye kuverenga pakati illuminance pane dzimwe pfungwa. Uye pakupedzisira, rokupedzisira pfungwa ndiyo tsanangudzo rimwe rambi simba. Selection chechiedza bhuku iri achiitiswa zvinotevera nokutonga: vakarongeka iyeye mwenje zvinoshandiswa runyararo pamwe kutonhora kupfuura gumi inegumi, vaine zvinodiwa kuti unhu ruvara shanduro uye usingashandi mwero kukuvara. Kana muhofisi hakuna chiedza dzinongoitika uye kuti aite basa nemazvo, shandisa fluorescent chiedza. Kana muchida kushandisa kuverenga zvakatungamirira chiedza, tinofanira kuyeuka pano kuti mwenje iyi mhando havasi stroboscopic chaizvoizvo, kureva, chiedza chiri chenguva. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti kuverenga zvakarurama pulsation mwero kudzivisa dzakakwirira kupenya.

Pakusarudza chiedza hurongwa anofanira kufunga Mari-kubudirira yaisanganisa chiedza gadziriro uyewo yaro utsanana (kufanana uye kupenya chiedza nekubudisa). Kana muhofisi michina iri gogonera, shandisa vemunyika chiedza. By tsanangudzo norudzi rambi anofanira akaswedera panyaya mitemo dispersal kwahwo mumunda maonero revashandi, uyewo zvichienderana ezvinhu mhepo kwezvakatipoteredza.

Nokuti kwakajeka kuparadzira chiedza kunotangira okuvimba zano. Zvinokosha pakubhadhara akawanda: nyore (unobatanidza vashoma mwenje zvakabatana mumwe redunhu mudariki), mumwe selector (kubatana mapoka akazvimirira maviri chiedza mabhuku zvinodzorwa pane imwe nguva), bi achitaura (batidza uye kure rinoitwa kubva mbiri pfungwa), kuti commutator (nevanhu vaviri Minamato haipindurwe nenzira mbiri, uye mumwe - imwe nhungamiro).

Kukarukureta chitoro chiedza chine kufunga zvinotevera parameters: kutsunga pamusoro mhando chiedza zvinyorwa uye luminaires, avo kuverengwa uye nomazvo kuparadzira ari muchadenga, kutsunga simba ravo uye nesimba redunhu. Kuwedzera kune zvinhu izvi, unofanira kuteerera mhando ziso mabasa, kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu, nzira midziyo basa iri, nhamba vashandi, nechimbichimbi okuvimba.

Method chaicho simba

Kukarukureta kubata chiedza nenzira iyi kunoita kuti kuverenga pamusoro inofungidzirwa varege kupenyerwa nokuvhenekera kwemashoko maindasitiri kwakavakirwa pamwe yunifomu kugovera okuvimba Fixtures. A rambi simba rinowanikwa ne nzira:

Pl = PyS / ba

Where PY ndiye zvakananga simba mwenje, ine ukoshi ari Directories. Power arambe achirema kunobva mhando uye placement mwenje uye luminaires, inobudisa ane Illuminated nzvimbo, uyewo kuturika kureba. The ukoshi S rinoratidza paburiro nzvimbo uye ba - Nhamba sepombi. Results kazhinji vakagumisa kuti ukoshi yepamusorosoro.

Nzira luminous nekubudisa Utilisation chinhu kana

Nomutowo uyu, isu ngaaverenge kugadzirwa chiedza apo basa pamusoro jekeso yakaiswa. Nzira haasi kushanda kuti vemunyika kwokunze uye nemakanzuru chiedza, kana kushanda hukawanika havana chinjikira, uyewo computation ari kuramba chiedza.

Masvomhu anoteererwa maererano fomura:

F = En SZK / Nη

Where F - ndiye luminous nekubudisa; En - normability jekeso; S - uriri nzvimbo; N - Nhamba sepombi; Z - Minimum simba reshiyo; K - a yakachengeteka chinhu; η - Utilisation reshiyo chiedza mwaranzi mwenje.

Kubva kukosha luminous nekubudisa kuratidzwa rambi, izvo zvingasiyana kubva dzaona ukoshi iri zvinobva -10 kusvika +20 muzana. Kana musiyano mukuru kupfuura kubvumirwa miganhu, ari yaidzorwa nhamba luminaires.

Spot nzira

Nzira inoshandiswa kuona chiedza mwaranzi mwenje kana chiedza hachisi kukosha. Nzira rinoshandiswa chero nzvimbo iri nokuvhenekerwa nomumativi chiedza Fixtures. Nzira inobva nhamba pemvura illuminance nedoro (E) izvo kunotangira pfungwa chiedza tsime, daro pachiso (R), pakona rimwe kuitika (a) uye chiedza kuchinyanya (I):

E = I Kosi α / R ²

Kukarukureta chitoro chiedza, zvakananga kuti chiedza chokugadza unosanganisira matanho akawanda:

1. Kuwana shoma normalized jekeso.

2. Selection chiedza rine mhando. Kuziva mhando Fixtures vavo placement pamusoro chitoro pauriri.

3. Kusurukirwa rokudzora pfungwa pamwe yakadereresa illuminance iri kwakajairika muhofisi urongwa.

4. kudzorwa pfungwa rinoitwa Masvomhu pamusoro kwakajairika jekeso. Zvakazoitwa kukarukureta kuti chiedza kugadzirwa nzvimbo iri inobva pfungwa pamwe kuvaduku kwakajairika chiedza.

5. Achitaura pamatafura vakatsunga okuvhenekesa yokuwedzera coefficients unganidza.

6. Tsvaga luminous okuyerera mwenje. Maererano zvabuda vakanonga mureza rambi.

7. Sarudza mwenje simba uye rose chiedza installation.

MUENZANISO chiedza Masvomhu kupa zvinotevera: dambudziko wakapiwa nokukwirira H = 4 m, pane kuchengeteka chinhu, k = 1,5, mamwe jekeso coefficient U = 1,2, Emin = normalized illuminance pamusoro 75 lux. Zvakakosha kutsanangura kuti chiedza basa hukawanika pa masvingo hPa mwenje.

Sezvo mwenje iyi mhando zvakadzama chiedza kuparadzirwa, kwavari λ = 1. Kure pakati chiedza chokugadza chichava 4 m, uye kubva yokunyanyisa chiedza Fixtures kuti masvingo -. 1 M anoiswa pamusoro urongwa kuzvidzora pfungwa A, B (yakadereresa luminance) overenga kure navo pedyo fungidziro marambi (d). Inotevera chinhu ndiyo tsanangudzo zvimiso-chiedza uye kuwana pfungwa pamwe rakadzika nekupenya. Maererano ngaaverenge kukosha luminous nekubudisa rambi, ayo musiyano pamwe mureza kukosha, uye kuwana okuvimba.

Kukarukureta of zvachose chiedza kana tichishanda makombiyuta

Kana basa rine chokuita mushandi wacho PC, unofanira zvinoenderana anokosha mitemo kuti kuisa okuvimba. Panyaya iyi, ziso riri kusangana mutoro miviri, sezvo kuona chiedza kubva kiibhodhi uye magwaro, uyewo zvakananga kubva Monitor.

The kamuri chinofanira dzinongoitika uye chakagadzirwa chiedza ane coefficient KEO kwete asingasviki 1,2%. Zvakafanira kuti kushanda pamusoro makombiyuta akanga nezvatinovavarira kurutivi chiedza kupinda mawindo dzinongoitika chiedza. chakagadzirwa kamuri chiedza kukarukureta rinoitwa panyaya hombe hurongwa dzakafanana chiitiko chiedza. Direct blestkost zvakawanda nechiedza zvinyorwa (kupenya mahwindo, marambi nezvimwe luminous hukawanika haasi anopfuura 200 CD / m ^2), uye kuratidzwa inotongwa zvakakodzera vakasarudzwa mwenje nenzvimbo dzichipfekeka zvigaro, zvichienderana zvinokosha chiedza (kupenya kudzvokora pamusoro chidzitiro, hapana anopfuura 40 CD / m ^2).

Apo chakagadzirwa chiedza sechiedza mabhuku vanofanira kushandisa fluorescent uye chiine fluorescent mwenje. Kana kwakavakirwa vari zvibereko kana magariro hunhu, zvinokwanisika kushandisa simbi halide mwenje. Fixtures vanofanira kuva Louvres uye diffusers.

Street okuvimba zvingaitwa

Street chiedza ane chinokosha basa kubatanidza mashoko chokunze munzvimbo mugomba coherent rose, anoridza basa mutevedzeri yokuchengeteka uye dzidziso iri muchadenga, uyewo kuita aesthetic kubata kune kushongedzwa muguta. Abatidza midziyo iyi mhando chiedza chinofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana unhu uye mamiriro zvinhu. Vanogona kusashanda zvaitika kana dispatcher. Mhando dzakawanda chiedza mumigwagwa vangazivikanwa:

1. Mafashamo. Musimboti nzira - kuisa uye kukanganiswa floodlights. Rinoshandiswa okuvhenekesa vakachengeteka nokuti dzakapoteredza.
2. Total. Nzira iyi zvinosanganisira yunifomu kuparadzirwa mwenje mumwe mhando. Zviri rakanakira kuvheneka nzira, mumapaki, munzvimbo uchifamba vanhu uye nemotokari.
3. Chichatara. With kwakadai mumugwagwa chiedza Fixtures dziri pamwe vakazvitsaurira mitsetse uye zvitarisiko. Rinoshandiswa kuumba ziso contours, zvichiratidza kuzorodzwa, dzichiita migwagwa uye twetsoka.