Kufadza zvinobvumidzwa kuitika nokuda conductors emhangura

Kana magetsi runoyerera napakati waya, chikamu simba akarasika. Iye anoenda kudziyisa conductors, nokuti kurwisa zvavo kutapudzwa iyo inowedzera zvinoparadzira simba kukosha uye kwaibvumirwa uno kuti waya yemhangura. Zvikuru zvinogamuchirika tsika kondakita imhangura, ine duku zvemagetsi nemishonga ukoshi guru vatengi zvakakwana uye rinowanika zvakawanda.

Anotevera simbi pamwe conductivity zvakanaka aruminiyamu. Zviri isingadhuri pane mhangura, asi zviri zvikuru pfava uye akaremara panguva mapfundo. Chokutanga-imba mumhuri rezvebonde dzakavakwa pamwe aruminiyamu waya. Vakanga yakavanzwa pasi nesuko kwenguva refu nguva kukanganwa pamusoro wiring. Electricity akaenda zvikurukuru kuvheneka, uye waya angakudzivisai nyore mutoro.

With kukura zvigadzirwa, boka midziyo yemagetsi, izvo zvava chinokosha muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye inoda zvakawanda magetsi. Power zvinodyiwa yakawedzera uye wiring haasisina kurarama nayo. Zvino hazvibviri kuti magetsi furati imba kana pasina pakuverenga simba wiring. Waya uye netambo vakasarudzwa kuti ichengetedzwe mari, uye vari zvakazara kutsungirira mitoro yose mumba.

Reason magetsi kudziyisa

Kupfuura magetsi hunokonzera kudziyisa yacho kondakita. Panguva yakakwirira tembiricha chicherwa iri oxidized nokukurumidza, uye kuputira vanotanga itye panguva tembiricha 65 ⁰ C. The zvakawanda zviri pakutsamwisana kuti nokukurumidza rovira. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti waya anosarudzwa kuti zvinobvumidzwa uno, izvo hakuitiki kuti overheat.

Area wiring chikamu

Maumbirwe waya rinoitwa mudenderedzwa, mativi mana akaenzana, rectangle, kana Triangle. Mugore chokugara wiring chikamu zvinganaka tenderera. Tai mhangura kazhinji kuiswa iri kudzorwa cabinet uye rectangular kana dzakaenzana.

Cross-sectional nzvimbo takatsunga nokurarama pamusoro dzinokosha kukura vakanga akayera aine caliper:

• denderedzwa - S = πd ^2/4;
• sikweya - S = ^2;
• rectangle - S = ari * b;
• Triangle - πr ^2/3.

Zvinotevera notation rinoshandiswa Masvomhu:

• R - the nharaunda;
• D - dhayamita;
• b, mumwe - upamhi uye kureba chikamu;
• π = 3,14.

Kukarukureta simba iri wiring

Simba kusunungurwa mutsinga ari waya panguva huchishanda iri pakutsvaga nzira: P = I _N ² Rn,

apo I _N - mutoro razvino, A; R - nemishonga, mu ohms; N - Nhamba conductors.

The yemaitiro rakakodzera kana pakuverenga mutoro. Kana waya zvakabatana vakawanda kwavari, nhamba yemabhuku kupisa rinowanikwa yoga nerimwe simba nevatengi, uye ipapo migumisiro vari akapfupikisa.

The zvinobvumidzwa kuitika nokuda mhangura nezano waya iri rinowanikwa nemuchinjikwa chikamu. Nokuti ichi chinangwa kupera Zvinhu Zvisina Basa, kuyera dhayamita mumwe tambo, ngaaverenge nzvimbo nokumuwanzira maererano nhamba iri waya.

Wire kukura nokuti zvakasiyana uchishandisa mamiriro

kondakita muchinjikwa-zvikamu nyore akayera mu pachivara millimeters. Kana nehasha kufungidzira zvinobvumidzwa ano mm2 mhangura waya ichipfuura ane 10 A, risingabereki overheat.

The waya waya yakabatana mumwe ushamwari, saka unofanira kusarudza pakukora ari mutsinga pamabwendefa kana Mutemo kwairi. Uyezve, zviyero akatorwa duku kumucheto kumusoro uye pashure anosarudzwa kubva mureza siyana.

Wiring inogona dzakajeka yokuvanda. Muzana rokutanga musimboti, zviri pamusoro kunze hukawanika iri pombi kana waya ducts. Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa kunosvika pasi nesuko, mu migero kana sepombi mukati zvivako. Pano, kushanda ezvinhu mamwe inoomesera, nekuti vakanovharirwa dzezvimwe pasina mhepo wire chaizvo.

For siyana anodawo ezvinhu zviri kugadziriswa coefficients, izvo zvinofanira ngazviwande kubudikidza dzaona chichiitwa pari zvichienderana zvinhu zvinotevera:

• monocable mune kumicheto kureba 10 M: I = I _N X 0,94;
• matatu chete-Musimboti netambo ari chubhu: I = I _N X 0,9;
• kuisa mvura ine rwokudzivirira unhani mhando Kl: I = I _N X 1.3;
• mana makirisito wire vakaenzana zvikamu: I = I _N X 0,93.

muenzaniso

Kana mutoro uri 5 KW uye 5 × 1000/220 = 22.7 A. Its muchinjikwa chikamu ichava 22.7 / 10 = 2.27 mm ² 220 V simba kuitika kuburikidza yemhangura ^waya. mari iyi achagovera nokuda bvumidzwa kwazvino waya nokupisa mhangura. Naizvozvo zvakafanira pano kutora duku kumucheto 15%. Somugumisiro, muchinjikwa chikamu achava S = 2,27 + 2,27 X 15/100 = 2.61 mm ^2. Zvino kukura uku kunofanira sarudza mureza kondakita muchinjikwa-chikamu, inova 3 mm.

Nounzenza nokupisa panguva nokushanda waya

The Handler arege kudziyirwa kukwira nokuisa iyezvino nokusingaperi. Panguva iyoyo kwarinoita kumusoro kupisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uwandu iyo kunobva tembiricha musiyano therebetween. Pane imwe nguva, mumwe zvakanyatsoenzana ezvinhu kunoitika uye muitisi kupisa yakaiswa rusingaperi.

Kunokosha! Kana zvakanaka akasarudzwa wiring sokurasikirwa kudziyisa ipfupi. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti panguva safunga simba rakawanda (kana waya overheat) Uyewo kubhadhara. Kune rumwe rutivi ukapiwa kuti imwe kudyiwa pamusoro pakaunda uye panorumwe - nokuti yokutsiva yacho waya.

Pakusarudza waya muchinjikwa-chikamu

kwete kunyanya kufunga nezvaiitwa furati Electricians hwaakange wiring chikamu kusarudza. Kazhinji, kushandisa izvi:

• Cable kutungamirira-mu - 6.4 mm ^2;
• nezvigadziko - 2.5 mm ^2;
• chikuru chiedza - 1.5 mm ^2.

Hurongwa kwakadaro kuzvigona mutoro kana pasina midziyo huru, izvo kazhinji tinofanira kutakura yoga simba zvitengeswa.

Great kuwana chikonzero kuitika mhangura waya, netafura kubva dhairetori. Zvinoratidzawo date kukarukureta uchishandisa aruminiyamu.

The hwaro pakusarudza wiring simba nevatengi. Kana simba zvachose mune mitsara kubva huru chiyamuro P = 7,4 KW pa U = 220 V, imwe zvinobvumidzwa kuitika nokuda waya 34 mhangura ichava patafura A, uye muchinjikwa chikamu - 6 mm ² (namahwindo gasket).

Kwenguva pfupi uchishandisa modes

Kufadza zvinobvumidzwa yepamusoro razvino nokuti waya mhangura panguva kushanda ezvinhu vane zvinogara kusvika maminitsi 10 uye kushanda nguva pakati pavo havana kupfuura 4 maminitsi dzakapiwa kuramba oparesheni, kana muchinjikwa chikamu haasi anopfuura 6 mm ^2. Kana sectional kupfuura 6 mm ^2: I _OMR = I _N ∙ 0.875 / √T _kwavatumwa .

apo T _kwavatumwa - nhamba nguva nguva kusvika nguva rwekuita kutenderera.

Akatendeukira kubvisa simba pakuparwa zadzisa uye pfupi-dunhu vagara vandifungira hwokugadzira maitiro akashandiswa kutinhira. Pasi riri dhayagiramu maduku sandara control panel. Power kubva mita anopinda otomatiki nhanganyaya DP MCB inokwana 63 A, izvo inodzivirirawo wiring michina kuti munhu simba mitsetse 10 A, 16 A uye 20 A.

Kunokosha! Nezvikumbaridzo michina kunge zvishoma pane kufadza zvinobvumidzwa ano wiring uye yakakwirira ano mutoro. Muchiitiko chino, mutsetse mumwe achadzivirirwa.

Sei kusarudza kutungamirira mukati mekamuri?

The kukosha yavose sezvavakatarirwa pari pamusoro waya kupinda mufurati zvinoenderana sei vanoshandisa vakawanda zvakabatana. Tafura rinoratidza anodiwa namano avo simba.

magetsi mudziyo	Rated simba, KW
TV	0,18
bhaira	2-6
firiji	0.2-0.3
hovhoni	2-5
vacuum	0,65-1
yemagetsi ketera	1,2-2
simbi	1.7-2.3
microwave	0,8-2
kombiyuta	0,3-1
Washing machine	2.5-3.5
chiedza hurongwa	0.5
chete	12,03-23,78

The simba kuitika pamusoro inozivikanwa simba anogona kuwanikwa kubva okuti:

I = P ∙ K _uye / (U ∙ Kosi φ), apo K = _{0.75, uye} - the simultaneity chinhu.

Nokuti vakawanda midziyo yemagetsi kuti zvinoshingaira mutoro simba chinhu Kosi φ = 1. fluorescent mwenje, yemagetsi vacuum, wokuwachisa, nezvimwewo, uye idukusa 1, zvinofanira kufungwa.

Bvumidzwa kuramba kuitika nokuda mano kuratidzwa tafura, achava I = 41 - 81 A. The ukoshi vakawana rakanyatsojeka hunoshamisa. Unofanira kugara kufunga nezvazvo, kana kuti kutenga mudziyo mutsva, kana imba yake cheni muedzo. Kubva tafura kuti rakavhurika wiring chiyamuro waya chikamu achava 4-10 mm ^2. Pane achiri dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa sezvo furati mutoro huchachinja vanhuwo imba. Zvinogoneka kuti dzimba hofisi haabvumiri kubatanidza midziyo yakawanda pasuo unosimudza apo kuburikidza kuparadzirwa makabhati pasi rimwe danho uye kwazvakarerekera bhazi pemipata (mhangura kana aruminiyamu). Ivo chete angarega kudhonza yemagetsi meter, iyo kazhinji kuiswa mune nhovo iri kumhara. Mukuwedzera, vachibhadharisa pakuchinja mari overruns magetsi mitemo kuchakura kuti anoyevedza kukura nokuda kuwedzera coefficients.

Kana wiring kukaitwa private imba, pane tinofanira kufungawo inogona kutiza waya kubva huru network. Yemanyorero kushandiswa sveta-4-chikamu 12 mm aruminiyamu waya ² kungasava kwakakwana kuti mutoro.

wiring sarudzo nomumwe mapoka vatengi

Kamwe yasarudzwa waya kubatanidza kuti mambure vakanongazve nokudzivirira pamusoro overloads uye pfupi-nematunhu otomatiki kupinda nokuti, unofanira kusarudza waya nerimwe Mutengi boka.

The mutoro rakakamurwa kuva chiedza uye simba. The rokushandisa simba kupfuura imba yokubikira, apo ndakagadza chitofu chemagetsi, muchina wokuwacha, uye dishwasher, firiji, microwave nemimwe midziyo yemagetsi.

Nokuti mumwe nomumwe yasarudzwa nzira yokubudisa waya pamusoro 2,5 mm ^2. Kubva tafura zviri chomumba vanorovha wedzerai redunhu 21 A. kazhinji TOUR - kubva panosangana bhokisi. Naizvozvo, bhokisi vanofanira ikodzere waya 4 mm ^2. Kana nezvigadziko zviri chokuita flat waya, kunofanira kurangarirwa kuti chikamu muchinjikwa 2.5 mm ² unoenderana simba 4,6 KW. Naizvozvo, mutoro pamusoro pavo haafaniri kupfuudza nayo. Pane imwe chinetso: pakuparwa kukundikana imwe nzira yokubudisa, vamwe vanogona kuva inoperative.

On the bhaira, chitofu chemagetsi, mhepo-kutonhodza nezvimwe mukuru mutoro zvinokurudzirwa kubatanidza imwevo waya ane pfuti. The yokugezera zvakare chinhu chakaparadzana kupinda ane pfuti uye RCD.

Ari chiedza rinoitwa musi 1.5 mm ^2. Zvino vazhinji vanoshandisa inokosha uye mamwe nhau kuti kungada yakakura muchinjikwa chikamu.

How kuverenga-danho matatu wiring?

The kukarukureta kuti zvinobvumidzwa waya saizi kunokanganisa mhando samambure. Kana chete simba rakawanda, ano mutoro waya conductors kuti-danho matatu samambure achava maduku pane imwe chete-danho.

For-Musimboti matatu simba tambo pamwe U = 380 payakavakirwa rinoshandiswa:

I = P / (√3 ∙ U ∙ Kosi φ).

The simba chinhu chinogona kuwanikwa magetsi unhu, kana zviri 1, kana yezviri mutoro. Kufadza zvinobvumidzwa kuitika nokuda waya zvemhangura uye aruminiyamu nokuda-danho matatu voltage kunoratidzwa muna matafura.

mhedziso

Kuti adzivise overheating panguva kwenguva refu conductors mutoro inofanira kunyatsobudiswa dzaona transverse muchinjikwa chikamu, hwaakange zvinobvumidzwa pari kuti waya mhangura. Kana kondakita haisi simba zvakakwana, kuti waya vakamhanyira kupera.