Kufa kwevana vaduku: zvinokonzera, zviratidzo, fomu uye coefficient

Chimwe chezviratidzo zvekufambira mberi kwenyika, chimiro chehupfumi uye tsika yehutano ndiko kufa kwevanhu, kunyanya mwana. Iko kuverenga kunobva pane nhamba yevana vakafa panguva imwe nguva. Panewo izwi rokuti "kufa kwevana". Ichi chiratidzo chinonyatsoratidza zvakajeka mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Uyewo nehuwandu hwekurapa kwevanhu.

Chii chinouraya vana?

Kufa kwevana vacheche zvakasiyana nenzira inonzi mwana. Asi tsanangudzo iyi haisi yechokwadi. Infancy inotorwa kubva zero kusvika kune rimwe gore. Nokudaro, kuitira kuverenga nhamba yevanhu vanofambira mberi munyika, zviratidzo izvi zvinotorwa. Uyezve, kufa kwecheche rudzi rwechiratidzo chinoratidza marudzi ose ekubatsira vana nevana, mamiriro ehupfumi uye mune zvehupfumi munyika, uye zvinhu uye zvinhu zvakachena. Uyewo mune ichi chiratidzo ndicho hupenyu hwehuwandu hwevanhu, kubudirira kwebasa rekudzivirira pamagadzirirwo epidemiological.

Hurumende dzezvehutano, mushure mekuongorora maitiro uye zvinokonzera kufa kwevana, zvinogona kuita mabasa akawanda anozoita kuti zvirwere zvisiye. Inopawo mukana wokukudziridza nzira dzekurwisana netsika dzinokuvadza dzevechidiki, kusimbisa mararamiro akanaka. Kana hurumende nehurumende dzayo dzose dzichiedza kurambidza kufa kwevana, izvi zvichaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera kuberekwa kwekuberekwa uye nehuwandu hwekugarana kwevanhu uye hupfumi.

Icho chaicho chinorehwa nechinetso

Kusvika iye zvino, nhamba yehuwandu hwevanhu inonyanya kuoma. Kufa kwevana muRussia gore roga roga rinova nyaya inowedzera kukurumidzira kukurukura. Kunyangwe kubva muna 1985 chiratidzo ichi muRussian Federation ine tsika yokuramba ichidzikira, mune dzimwe nzvimbo mamiriro acho akadzoka. Somuenzaniso, maererano nedzimwe gore ra2015, kuwedzera kukuru kwekufa kwecheche kwakanyoreswa munzvimbo dzePsykov, Kaluga, Smolensk uye Orel, uyewo muKarachaevo-Cherkessia uye Republic of Mari El.

Ihutano hwehutano hunoratidza zvikonzero zvakawanda nei zvichifanira kubhadhara dambudziko racho.

1. Mucheche, mwana ndiye mudukuse akadzivirirwa. Vabereki vanotora zvakakwana kutarisira uye kupa kwezvinhu zvinokosha kumwana wavo. Kana nyika ichitanga dambudziko uye isina kugadzikana mune zvehupfumi nemamiriro evanhu, ipapo vanhu vanotambura kutanga. Kubva pane izvi zvinouya kuti vabereki havagoni kuchengetedza zvakakwana uye kupa mwana wavo nezvose zvakakosha.
2. Munguva yedambudziko iri muhurumende, hutano hwekubereka hunoderera zvakare. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirirwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana, uye chiyero chekuberekwa kwechirwere chinowedzera, izvo zvinowanzotungamirira kukufa kwevana.
3. Kusagadzikana kwehuwandu hwekuzvarwa nekufa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka kana pasina hutano hwakakwana hwekubatsira uye rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende.

Zvose zviri pamusoro apa chikamu chiduku chechinetso, icho chinonyanya kujeka panguva ino. Kuti udzikise kufa kwecheche mucheche, zvakakosha kuziva zvikonzero zvekufa kwevana.

Kuberekwa nevana: Zvinokonzera

Zvikonzero zvekufa kwevana zvinowanzoenderana nehutano hwekufambisa kwenyika. Kunyatsobatsira kwechipatara uye rubatsiro rwezvinhu zvakapihwa kuvanhu kunoratidzirwa mukuverengwa kwevanhu. Kana iwe uchitora nyika dzisina kusimbiswa, ipapo kufa kwehuwandu kwakanyanya kwazvo, sezvo vana navanaamai vasingagoni nguva dzose kupiwa rubatsiro rwakakodzera panguva. Munyika dzakabudirira zvikuru, chiratidzo ichi chinoderera, sevana vakawanda vane hanya nehutano.

Kufa kwevana vaduku kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosvika pachikwata chayo, zvakadai se:

• Inonzwisisika - inonyanya kuitika munguva yepininatal. Kana mwana akabatsira munguva, mwana anorarama.
• Zvirwere zvinotapukira.
• Njodzi.
• Zvirwere zvepamuti yekufema - dzimwe nguva mwana haagoni kupa rubatsiro rwakakodzera, uye anofa.
• Congenital anomalies.
• Mamiriro ezvinhu echirwere akabuda munguva yekuparara.

Nguva yenguva yekufa

Vanachiremba vakawana kuti chiyero chekufa kwevana chinoitika maererano nemwaka. Nhamba inokwira mumwedzi wechando uye yezhizha, inoderera mumusi wekuvhuvhura uye mutsime. Iyi muenzaniso yakagadzwa muzana remakore rapfuura. Zvinokonzera kufa kwecheche muzhizha ndeyekuwedzera kwehutachiwana hwezvirwere zvinotapukira. Uye, sezvinozivikanwa, mumamiriro okunze anopisa, mabhakitiriya nemavirusi zvinowedzera makumi makumi zvakakurumidza, saka hutachiona hwehutachiona hunowedzera. Uye, kana chivharo chaamai chichiderera, uye mwana akaberekwa asina simba, tinofanira kutora izvi zvakanyanya.

Muchando, huwandu hwehutonho hunowedzera, uye kazhinji kufa kwevana kunobatanidzwa nayo. Zvirwere zvepurogiramu yokufema zvinotaridzirwa chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekusimudzirwa kwekufa kwevana munguva iyi. Kazhinji kazhinji, vacheche vanofa nepineumonia, iyo inokonzera kukanganisa. Izvozvo zvinogona kutaridzika mamiriro ekuti kufa kwechando kunowedzera. Asi, nhamo, nguva yechando inoramba ichikwirira.

Kufa kwevana vaduku

Kufa kwevana vacheche kunoratidzwa kubva pakuberekwa kusvika kune rimwe gore. Inoshandiswa kuongorora hutano hwehuwandu hwevanhu vose munyika, pamwe nehutano hwekuchengetedza kwekuchengetedza uye kurapwa kwevakadzi nevana. Mhando dzakawanda dzezvechiremba dzakagamuchirwa umo kufa kwecheche kunofanira kunyorwa. Aya ndiwo magwaro anotevera:

• Chiremba chiremba chekufa f. 106 / y.
• Chiremba chiremba wekuparinatal kufa f. 106-2 / y.

Aya mabhuku maviri ane chikonzero chekunyorwa kwekufa kwechecheche. Kuti uverenge chiyero chekufa, unoda kuziva imwe chimiro, zvinoratidzika seizvi:

• Nhamba yevana vari pasi pegore rimwechete vakafira mugore rakapiwa inobatana nenhamba yevana vakaberekerwa mugore rakapiwa gore.

Asi izvi zviratidzo hazvina kururama, sezvo nhamba yevana vanozvarwa inowanzochinja.

WHO inokurudzira chimiro chitsva chekuverenga, izvo zvakanyatsodonhedzera kufa kwevana. Rats fomu inokurudzira kuti uite zvinotevera:

• PMS = (nhamba yevana vakafa pasi pemakore gumi emakore mugore rakapiwa): (2/3 yeavo vakaberekerwa mugore rakapiwa gore + 1/3 vakazvarwa vari vapenyu mugore rapfuura) x 1000.

Iyi sarudzo yakarurama, asi kuitira kuti chiratidzo chacho chive chechokwadi sezvinobvira, zvakakosha kuongorora kufema kwevana. Uyezve, kufa kwecheche kanowanzochinja panguva dzakasiyana.

Kuongorora kwekufa kwevana

Kuziva chiratidzo uye kuongorora kufa, unoda kuziva zvinosanganisira:

• Nhamba yevana vakafa panguva yegore rekare.
• Nhamba yevakafa mumwedzi mumwe nomumwe panguva yegore rekare.
• Nhamba yevana vakafa gore rapera.
• Zvinokonzera kufa kwevana.

Kana iwe uchifunga nezvenyaya yekuongorora, iwe unogona kusimbisa nheyo apo mwana wekufa achaonekwa. Icho chimiro chinogona kunge chakasiyana, zvose zvinotenderera kuburikidza nekuvimbika kwemigumisiro yacho. Uyezve, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kufa kwecheche kunoparadzirwa zvisina kufanira. Zvose izvi zvinowanikwa mukuongorora kwechiitiko ichi. Izvo zvakanyanya kufa kwehuwandu hunowanikwa muzuva rokutanga mushure mokuberekwa, nguva ino ndiyo huru. Uyezve, kuwedzera kwevana vacheche zvishoma nezvishoma zvishoma nezvishoma.

Coefficient

Iko kuwanikidzwa kwakakosha kunoratidza kuti kufa kwevana vari pasi pegore rimwe chete. Pamberi pacho, kufa kwecheche kwaive kwemazuva ose. Kusvika iye zvino, ine maitiro: mwana - kubva pa1 kusvika kune 1 gore, uye nevana - kubva kune 1 gore kusvika makore gumi nemashanu. Muzhinji, maitiro akaonekwa kuti mucheche wekuchechesa unopindirana nehuwandu hwekufa kwevanhu vakasvika makore makumi mashanu nemashanu.

Nzira yekuverenga chiyero yakasiyana zvikuru kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzose. Zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kufa kwecheche inowanzochinja. Uyewo, inogona kunge ichingokurumidza kuchinja gore rose, uye zvakaoma dzimwe nguva kuverenga kukosha kwakakodzera. Nokudaro, kuverenga kune zvakawanda zvakajeka: nhamba yevana vakafa yakaitwa senheyo mune imwe nguva uye inobatanidzwa nenhamba yevana vanozvarwa. Kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana dzekuverenga kweyero, iyo inosanganisira data inoratidza uye kukwana kwekuverenga.

Dhigirii revanhu

Kuita kuti zvive nyore kuverenga kufa kwevana vaduku, shandisa girazi rinokosha revanhu. Iyo inotaridzika inoratidza zvose data kweimwe nguva yenguva. Uyewo, girazi revanhu vanodiwa rinoita kuti zvive nyore kurondedzera vacheche vacheche kune vapenyu.

Icho chirongwa chezvikwata. Migwagwa iyo yakananga ndeyezera remakore. Vertical lines are calendar years. Nhamba yevana vakaberekerwa mugore rakapiwa gore rinoratidzwa neimwe nhamba yegridhi. Uyewo pane diagonal mitsara inotakura mamwe mashoko. Aya ndiwo mitsara ehupenyu, zuva uye gore rekuberekwa zvinoratidzwa pavari. Kana kufa kuchiitika, mutsetse unoguma ne dot.

Uyewo, kune mazano chaiwo maungagona kuverenga kufa kwevana kuburikidza nenhamba uye zuva rokuzvarwa.

Kugadziriswa kwehuwandu hwekufa

Chirwere chekufa ndicho chiratidzo chikuru chehutano hwenyika uye kubudirira kwehurumende. Uye chimwe chezvikonzero zvekuongorora ndekutsvaga kwekufa kusvika pagore. Uyewo zvikonzero nei vana vari kufa. Uyewo, hazvifaniri kukanganwa kuti kukura kwezvirwere nekufa zvakananga zvichienderana nebasa rehutano hwehutano uye basa ravo rinobudirira.

Kufa kwevana vaduku, avo vanowedzera kuderera kunokonzerwa nehutano hwekugadzirisa kwehupfumi hwemagariro evanhu, vanofanira kuva nemari yakaderera. Uye nokuda kweizvi, zvakakosha kushandisa nzira dzokurwisana nayo uye kusanganisira zvikamu zvose zvekukosha kwebasa revanhu pamwe nehurumende. Nhanho huru dzekudzikisa kufa kunofanira kuva:

• Kutsigira uye kusimbisa kwekudzivirira kwekudzivirira muhutano hwehutano.
• Zvemagariro uye maitiro anochengetedza zvinotarisirwa kuvandudza mararamiro ehupenyu hwehuwandu hwevanhu, kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemajini, kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza.
• Zvirongwa zvine chokuita nehutano izvo zvichabatsira kuziva nekudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Rehabilitation centers.
• Kunyanya kudzivirira, inotarirwa nemararamiro akanaka.