Kudzika wonamatidza nheyo: dzinokosha zvokudya. How kuona kudzama wonamatidza nheyo

Hwaro nechivako - nheyo. With ake basa pokutangira kuvakwa. hwaro Strip zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa pakuvaka private dzimba uye dzimba maindasitiri. Kunoita pasi kuvakwa pamwe inorema masvingo kana ceilings. Kudzika wonamatidza nheyo rinowanikwa pachine, pamberi kutanga huru kuvakwa. It kunotsamira dzinoverengeka ezvinhu.

Kutsunga kudzama

Kudzika wonamatidza nheyo - daro pagomba rakadzika pfungwa pemvura yepasi pasi. In akapoteredza ari trapezium kana rectangle. Izvi akaverenga kukosha. Kuverenga inoda vamwe ruzivo - engineering, Geological. Quality uye rakavimbika kugadzirwa chivakwa nezveramangwana, kufungisisa zvose nuances vanogona chete kuti nyanzvi.

Chii kudzika ubvise nheyo chinodiwa nechimwe, zvinogona zvakarurama pakutsvaga anoverengeka zviratidzo. Nokuti ose nezvigadziko, kubva chero zvinhu zviitwe, ivo nguva dzose kufungawo.

Ivo kuona kudzika ubvise nheyo. Huru gadziriro anobvumira magadzirirwo:

• rudzi uye zvechadenga ivhu;
• mujinga mutoro (kurema mamiriro);
• kudzama ivhu oma;
• nyandu, ivhu kana pfuma rokuchinja parameters cheBhuku kwayo zvichienderana ambient tembiricha;
• zviri nemamiriro (pamberi zimba, nhamba pamapuriro);
• zviratidzi pakati padanho pasi.

Kupatsanura ne mhando

Strip hwaro - chinoramba kanyika pakati dzakasimba zvinhu (kazhinji kongiri), kumhanya nenzira mukomberedzo yose mamiriro. Ndinohwuradzika pasi zvose guru mukati uye kunze kwemasvingo. Ita ichi nenzira panheyo pechingoro riri kupfuura masvingo pachavo nokuda masendimita anenge 10.

Vanouya nenzira mbiri: monolithic uye prefabricated, asi vose vanonzi "ubvise hwaro." udzamu Its rinowanikwa vaviri mhuka. Monolithic zvinoda nguva yakawanda naro, asi anobvumira tsime kudzivirira yepasi kubva unyoro uye vatevedzere chero nheyo configuration. kuvaka akadaro rakashandiswa kugadzirwa nekongiri.

Urongwa Precast Akazadzisa bhandi utore hwaro kana kongiri inoperera neezvitendero saizi. Kusimba repasi paiva kutigumbura kunge kanenge 15 masendimita pazasi kudzama ivhu oma. chivakwa kwakadaro nheyo:

• nokuti unozotevera dzichiisa payo masvingo amabwe, kongiri kana zvidhina aine arambe achirema pamusoro 1300 makirogiramu / m ^3;
• nokuti kuvakwa inorema hurongwa pamusoro payo, uye simba yanyatsosimba kongiri pamapuriro;
• kana masvingo vari Precast hwaro pasi kana bhesimendi;
• kana nheyo iri akaradzika heterogeneous ivhu.

Kupatsanura nokuturika udzamu

Kusiyanisa nheyo kuisa udzamu uye:

• Melkozaglublenny kushandiswa chiedza dzimba slabopuchinistyh nevhu. Kudzika tepi nehwaro ichi mhando anoda kubva 50 kusvika 70 masendimita.
• Recessed kushandiswa pakuvaka dzimba uriri dzakawanda, pamwe rinorema namasvingo kana yepasi pasi nyandu nevhu. hwaro kwakadaro amudanire ari kudzika kubva masendimita 20 kusvika masendimita 30 pazasi padanho ivhu oma. Izvi mhando nheyo, Chokwadi, zvakawanda hwakavimbika uye haisi pasi deformation. Saka, basa upenyu ayo yekudyidzana mukuru kupfuura melkozaglublennogo chawo.

Nemazvo vakaverenga kudzika hwaro kuchaita kuti kushumira kusvika makore 70 asina yokuzvigadzirisa. Above pasi pechingoro agomuka haidereri pane masendimita 30. Chikamu ichi chinogona kuitwa nezvidhina, ibwe kana kongiri zvinogumbura.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

Mumwe mhando ubvise hwaro ane zvimwe zvakanakira:

• monolithic:

- simba;

- yakavimbika;

- Chero configuration zvinobvira.

• zvikwata:

- Easy vaungane;

- kuderedza nguva chawo.

Zvazvakashatira ose ubvise nheyo dziri:

• yakawanda nguva kubudisa ose anodiwa basa;
• gadzira kunzwisisa;
• zvinoda kwemisha inivhesitimendi.

Hwaro nekongiri mabhuroko zvishoma hunobatsira. Dzakakodzera zvikurukuru kuvaka nyore siyana (ane kunzwisisa configuration zvivako vanofanira kucheka kutigumbura) uye panguva mapfundo anogona achigarira maoko.

Chero mhando ubvise hwaro haina kushandiswa kuvaka zvivako, zvinoda kungwarira kukarukureta pakati kudzika mujinga zvose.

Zvichienderana ivhu

Type precoat rukoko kwakakosha kana pakuverenga kudzama nheyo. indekisi iri chokuita padanho pasi pamusoro reshiyo kwavo kunobva, sezvo vachanzi vakagadzirira ubvise hwaro. udzamu Its dzinosiyana zvichienderana Kuronga ivhu pachayo. ukama Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa tafura pazasi:

ivhu oma

Nechiidzo zvinokosha kuziva chii chinodiwa kudzika wonamatidza nheyo ndiye nechando ivhu. Pamusaka zvakadai mananara chaiko sezvo kuwedzera bhuku mvura apo kutonhora, vanofanira kuziva kudzama chando kupinda chaizvo. In yechando, mwando iri muvhu nechando, anotanga dzichiwedzera vhoriyamu. Primer "puchitsya" uye achisunda pamusoro pemvura upi maumbirwo kunyudzwa mairi.

Fani iyi haigoni kuregeredzwa. Simba kuoma nechando mvura hahusvikirwi (rangarira maziviro aizi kwatanga nenyere). kufamba kwakadaro pasi kungaita kuti kuparadzwa hwaro.

Uye makavigwa munhu kukosha kunaka ivhu, sezvinoratidzwa nemashoko apa patafura.

At refu zvazvingava ivhu nyandu ubvise hwaro vanotongofanira kuva monolithic. Oma udzamu kunobva okunze yacho uye zvayo nzvimbo. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe nharaunda ainyatsonzwisisa Masvomhu yaifanira nokuiswa nheyo pahwaro avhareji yegore negore tembiricha zviratidzo.

Kutadza kuita kudaro angaguma deformation masvingo uye kuparadzwa meimba yose.

pasi

Zvinoratidza kuti kuverenga pamwero vakamira (paavhareji) pasi anogona zvakakomba kuchinja dzemaitirwe rakakwirira patepi nheyo. Kana chando pasi mvura rukasafashukira pamusoro 2 metres kusvikira pachiyero (kunyanyisa) ivhu nechando, padanho ivhu oma hanya.

Zvikasadaro, nheyo dzose kuvatumwa padanho ivhu kuoma nechando pa 20-30 cm. Nokuda napedyo mvura uye ivhu riri nyoro yakaderera tembiricha (chando) zvakasimba yakadzika.

Kudzika pachivande

Hwaro pasi imba, kuwedzera mamwe mamiriro zvose, tinofanira kufungawo nemamiriro chivakwa pachayo. Kana inopa zimba, kudzika wonamatidza nheyo pasi imba wakarongwa 40 masendimita kuvatumwa pachiyero yepasi pasi. Saka hako kufungawo padanho ivhu kuoma nechando (mu iyi, nechigadziko sole anofanira kudzikisa), sezvo huwandu mumvura isina kudzika (nechepasi sole inofanira kuva yepamusoro).

At akakodzera ivhu uye nheyo chivako pasina yakavanda ari kudzika duku zvikuru - 70 masendimita. In nyoro nevhu, shoma udzamu 120 masendimita.

outbuildings

Free-vakamira kuvaka imwe Suburban nzvimbo kuti zvinoda kuva zvishoma kunokunda imba. Pakuvaka diki uye chiedza zvivako zvinokosha zvakare kudzika wonamatidza nheyo. Kuti bhati anogona kuitwa kuti kudzika 50 kusvika 70 masendimita. Izvi zvakakwana kutsigira uremu zvivako zvemapango.

For rakavimbika nokushanda ancillary zvivako anofanira kufunga kwete chete kurema mamiriro. Kufungawo vamwe parameters zvose kuti kukanganisa kuverenga pakati kudzika wonamatidza nheyo.

Similar Masvomhu rekuronga nheyo uye akakurudzira nezvimwe zvivako purazi: padanga, workshop, garaji, huku Coop kana dura kuti mhuka.

Kusimba uye mhando nokuisa mumwe wall

Hwakadzama Pfekenura nheyo zvidhina pasi varindi inofanira kuenzaniswa inozoshandisirwa uremu fenzi. Kana uchironga kuvaka zvachose nezvidhina, dzemaitirwe ndiyo inonyanya kudzika nheyo zvakangofanana sechipiriso kwakajairika chivakwa magadzirirwo.

Fully Brick fenzi - mufaro zvinodhura chaizvo. Most kakawanda nezvidhina kuita matanda uye akaisa isingadhuri noruzhowa pakati pavo. Pane dzakasiyana vaviri nheyo urongwa pasi ichi pamusoro fenzi mhando :

• bhanhire, vakakomba mukomberedzo;
• columnar - chete nembiru zvidhinha.

Pier hwaro rinoda kuomerera zvimwe mitemo inoshanda ose kunenge pamusoro nyandu nevhu, ayo udzamu inofanira kuva pasi oma ivhu.

yazvino

Modern ruzivo uye unhu mashoko (kongiri) kubvumira kunyange zvakaoma nevhu vaishandisa melkozaglublennye nheyo. Izvi zvinooneka kunoderedza nguva uye kuvakwa kwezvivako, uye mutengo (kuvaka hwaro anogona kuita 25% mari imba).

Subject nemimwe mitemo melkozaglublenny kupfekenura nheyo dzinogona akaiswa kudzika 50 masendimita kunyange panguva nyandu nevhu. iri chinodiwa kuti:

• Kushandisa monolithic yanyatsosimba kongiri hwaro kana mamakisi M200 M300;
• kupinda mumugero pasi nheyo tepi runodiwa kuputira wemagazini (polystyrene ndiro) ugodira nepuchistye zvokuvakisa;
• gondohwe uye pamwero Drain ikanyanya jecha uye mavhu Ukobvu kanenge 2 cm;
• lateral zvigadziko nzvimbo mvura uye insulated (polystyrene pamahwendefa);
• nepuchinistym mhango izere ne chero zvinhu (musanganiswa mavhu uye jecha, jecha, mavhu).

Michina kwakadaro rave uye zvinobudirira kushandiswa pakuvaka zvivako muUnited States uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Makore akawanda ruzivo inosimbisa mukana kuchikosha mari mubasa rokuvaka nheyo.