Kenza yemapapu - rwaityisa mazuva edu

kenza yemapapu ndeimwe rakajairika nekenza munyika. VaBennett kenza yemapapu akasiyana:

• Kusvuta ngozi muna 85-90% nyaya - nokuti vose vanosvuta uye vasiri vanosvuta vari pedyo napedyo uye vanomanikidzwa fema fodya utsi - pusa vanosvuta. The mikana yokuva nekenza yemapapu kunobva zvachose nguva mumakore fodya, nhamba remidzanga aisvuta pazuva, kudzika uye mhando yokururamisa utsi midzanga. The mikana yokuva nekenza yemapapu inobvawo pane zera vanhu vanotanga fodya, nokukurumidza ngozi kwakakwirira. Fodya utsi ine chepfu uye carcinogenic zvinhu: CO, acetaldehyde, amoniya, benzene, formaldehyde, vinyl chloride, etc.

• In upenyu hwezuva nezuva zvingadarowo kwakawedzera nemwaranzi. Kunobva ichi chive radioactive radon gasi, izvo inoumbwa ne radioactive kuora kuti uranium exchange. Radon anosunungurwa kubva muura enyika, pamatombo, mavhu, matombo, mavhu migodhi nzvimbo uye zvokuvakisa. Radon anopinda muviri kuburikidza nemvura uye mhepo.

• Human utano iri kukanganiswa kushanda ezvinhu - nyanzvi zvinhu. Zvave vakaratidza kuti kenza yemapapu zvikuru nevakawanda vashandi asbestos, marasha, chromium, nickel nezvimwe mugodhi uye kugadzira Mazinga. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti kuvapo asbestos kumabasa pamwe fodya kunowedzera ngozi kenza yemapapu kunopfuura kashanu.

• kwenguva uye chisingaperi kuzvimba ari zvemapapu rinenge chinowedzera kukura kenza yemapapu.

• Uye tibhii anoonekwa nengozi kuti ngozi yokuva nekenza yemapapu. Munhu anogona kurwara chepuraimari kenza yemapapu uye zvakare. Kana kenza yemapapu Kazhinji hapana haangosarudzi chepuraimari zviratidzo. Munenge 5-15% nyaya, hosha unowanikwa munguva kurongwa bhokisi X-ray pavarwere pasina zviratidzo kana zviratidzo kurwara. Kazhinji, varwere shanyira chiremba nokuti imwe kunyunyuta: kukosora, sputum, izvo zvinogona ropa, kupfupika mweya uye muchipfuva marwadzo. Asi kunyange pamberi apa Zviratidzo zvinogona kuoneka zvakafanana zviratidzo: kuneta, utera, uremu, murombo kudya, fivhiri, kupererwa neropa. Mune Implementation rugwaro mabasa, vanhu vanoda nguva yakawanda yokuzorora, anoona akurumidze kurova kwehana, wakange asina adarika. Uyezve, kenza yemapapu anogona kupararira dzakapoteredza munyama - tsinga plexus of yegurokuro, mwoyo. Muzviitiko izvi, chirwere watopiwa akabvuma uye zvinokonzera fudzi marwadzo, kutsinga dzinouya nenyonganiso, matambudziko nokudya, cardiac arrhythmias, mwoyo kukundikana. Masero kenza yemapapu kubatwa ikoko kuburikidza muropa kuti kure zvomukati - pfupa, chiropa, uropi. Zvino kune vanhuwo zviratidzo chirwere zviratidzo zviri kubatana wemigove zvomukati.

Panguva nechirwere kazhinji kuwana ruzivo pamusoro mhando akaipa kenza yemapapu masero. Kune mapoka maviri makuru, izvo zvinokonzera anopfuura 90% yose nyaya kenza yemapapu - muchitokisi chiduku uye non-duku kenza sero yemapapu. Small Sero bundu iri nehasha, riri kukura nokukurumidza, izvozvo kunoratidzwa nechepakati nzvimbo, nokupararira (metastasizes) kuburikidza muropa - 2/3 pakati metastases kure vari kare panguva kwokutanga nechirwere. The chikuru Mabatirwo duku kenza sero - vakawanda mhando mushonga - mishonga.

Non-duku kenza sero yemapapu (anenge 80% vose zvemapapu nekenza) inogona mapoka mapoka mana:

• Squamous - rikauya kakawanda sezvinoita mutemo, vari achiumbwa makuru Airways, Runosvika zvishoma nezvishoma kwave chokuita nokusvuta.

• Adenocarcinoma - achiumbwa kubva Árbol epithelial mumasero.

• Bronhoalveolny - yakaumbwa muna Formação de pakati mumapapu.

• Bolshekletochny - kazhinji kuumbwa pamusoro arikunze pakati mumapapu. Kana vasiri duku kenza foni yemapapu, apo kwacho haina kunyenga kana kwete pedyo nhengo zvinobatanidzwa, kuvhiyiwa inoshandiswa. Pamberi oparesheni chikuva wakaiswa kenza, node raiva pedyo nebundu mamiriro vanofungidzirwa, kana kusina metastases kure. Bhuku basa rinogona siyana - zvichienderana nokukura uye nzvimbo yacho bundu pakuvhiya anogona kubvisa imwe kana kupfuura zvikamu (segmentektomiya) wose mugove (lobectomy), zvikamu zviviri (bilobektomiya) kana yose chikamu chimwe zvemapapu (pneumonectomy). Pashure pokuvhiyiwa, akagadza nopindirana dzokurapa - kana kana kwete nemwaranzi uye / kana mishonga. Kana oparesheni hazvibviri nokuda pakuparadzirwa bundu kana concomitant zvirwere vachishandisa nemwaranzi mishonga.

Not varumbidzwa vakawanda kuongorora kuti kenza yemapapu.

European tsvakurudzo munzvimbo ino haana kupa migumisiro yakanakisisa nani munyama tichienzanisa zvavo vanogara. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti vanhu pangozi yokuva nekenza yemapapu, Zvinokurudzirwa kaviri pagore vanosangana X-ray kuongororwa uye cytological kuongorora sputum. Vanosvuta bhokisi X-ray zvinokosha kuti asaende sezvinotevera: kusvika makore 40 - kamwe pamakore maviri, pashure 40 makore - ose gore.

Kurega kusvuta, vose vanoshingaira uye pusa uchiri huru chokudzivirira nechiyero kenza yemapapu.

Kana uchiri kenza yemapapu, kana kana uchida kusimbisa chirwere, kana kuti kubvunza pamusoro rakasarudzwa kurapwa, unofanira kufunga vachishanyira oncology zvipatara Germany, umo achangobuda nzira nechirwere uye kurapwa, uyewo ane ruzivo chikwata nyanzvi munyaya ino vachakwanisa kupa iwe yepamusoro zvoutano.