Kaliningrad nzvimbo uye zvinhu zvavo

Russia ine chitsuwa pachavo kodzero yayo pakati Europe, zvisinei, kwakafanana, nharaunda nomumwe dzakazara mamiriro kondinendi. Zviri Chokwadi, pamusoro Kaliningrad nharaunda, kunyanya, guta guru nyaya yacho Russian Federation. Kaliningrad - guta riri akakurumbira chaizvo pakati vashanyi kubva kuRussia uye dzimwe nyika kumatunhu. vafambi vazhinji vanosarudza kuvaka nzira yake rwendo vakakomba guta, pashure ongorora zvinhu zvayo administrative mamiriro, Saka, kubva papi ndiye uye chii chinoratidza kuti vanoonekwa.

Kaliningrad zvinogona dzinoongororwa kuona misimboti dzomunzvimbo kuzvitonga mairi, hunhu guta tichitarisa Kuwanikwa uye zvinokwezva, akadai kukura zvifambiso kwezvivako. Ndezvipi yaiona dzakabatana dzinomiririrwa Kaliningrad? Sei vanhu nevamwe kumatunhu Russia anogona kuenda kuRussia reBaltic?

General ruzivo pamusoro guta

Kaliningrad - rakasiyana nemamwe guta. Ndiye Russian, asi kare hunonyatsobatana Europe. Kusvikira 1945, Kaliningrad yainzi Königsberg, uye raiva Germany. Pashure paizvozvo, pamwechete idzo muEast Prussia, guta rakanga mumaoko Soviet Union, uye zvadaro zita. European kare uye wokuRussia chipo akafanosarudza kuti kumatunhu Kaliningrad, mapurani wayo kunoratidzwa kuvapo zvakasiyana siyana zvinhu - Soviet yakavakwa muna Russia uye, chokwadi, iri Classic, kunze, kana vava kuonekwa ravo German kare.

Kaliningrad - kwete guta guru chaizvo kana zvichienzaniswa kupfuura maguta Russian uye European, asi kufarira zvikuru. Ichi mapurani pazvivako, tsika nzvimbo, Zoo. Zvezvisarudzo chinozikamwa zvinokwezva - the Botanical Garden. The guta kunogona kurondwa kwete chete kune tsika German, asiwo munhu yakatangwa pasi pokudzora mamwe marudzi - Lithuanians, Latvians uye Poles. Chaizvoizvo, States avo ayo inoumbwa dzemadzinza mapoka mashoko. Izvi hazvirevi zvinosanganisira Latvia, asi kuri pedyo pamiganhu pamwe Kaliningrad nharaunda. Panyaya iyi, zvinoshingaira nemagariro kuchinjana munzvimbo - zvachose dzinongoitika kwacho.

Kaliningrad: huru zvinokwezva

Ndezvipi zvinokwezva vashanyi vanouya yokuRussia reBaltic, shanyira unowanzosangana? A mhinduro yakajeka yomubvunzo uyu zvakaoma. Chokwadi kuti vafambi vanogona kuita zvachose akasiyana nzvimbo Kaliningrad. Vamwe vakawanda vashanyi vanoda kushanyira nzvimbo yenhau, vamwe - zvivako ano.

Saka, kufanana vafambi vazhinji chete kufamba Somuenzaniso, pamahombekombe ari Pregel. Kana ukafamba mhiri zambuko unobatanidza navo, unogona kupinda zvinoshamisa Fishing Village. mufananidzo Its chinyakare reconstructed ne vanatenzi ano.

Chokwadi, zvikuru nevanhu nzvimbo yeguta zvinosanganisira Amber Museum. Zvisinei, iye chaizvoizvo chikamu chimwe yakakurumbira chinhu - neshongwe Don. Pakati yakakurumbira emakambani muguta - Kaliningrad Amber Plant. Achitora dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo, mufambi achakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo kuti kutengesa chicherwa ichi, uye zvishongo siyana kubva pairi.

Chimwe yakakurumbira nhare - Tower Wrangell. It yakavakwa remakore rechi19. Botanical Garden, zvatakakutadzirai akati apa, yakazarukira vashanyi kubva 1904. Kaliningrad guta Zoo inoshanda kubva 1896. Wooden kunovhima Castle yakavakwa muguta mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Kushanyira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana Kaliningrad, unogona kuona zvikuru chaizvo munhoroondo nzvimbo.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro zvivakwa kunoshamisa ano guta, zvinokosha anoteerera chikuru zvitoro, akadai "Europe", "Plaza", uyewo Somuenzaniso, "kwacho". Vose dziri pakati peguta.

jogirafi

Tichave zvino kudzidza, chokwadi, kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dziri Kaliningrad nhasi, sei aitika administrative weboka musha.

Guta rine 3 maruwa: Leningrad, Moscow uye Central. Kana ichi hachisi kugovera navo conditionally pamusoro zvishoma uye zvakawanda nomukurumbira. Cherechedza kuti havasi vose vashanyi vanonyatsoziva kuti Kaliningrad. "Leninsky dunhu" ari pakati pavo nokusaziva kutanga mazita Leningrad, mumwe anofanira kutakura ichi mupfungwa. Zvisinei, vose yaiona nzvimbo vanoumba tsika uye mapurani nzvimbo yakasiyana uye kuti guta rakasiyana.

Leningrad yoruwa muguta Kaliningrad, Moscow uye Central zvakafanana yakatanga. Panguva iyoyowo chinonyanya basa rokuvaka rinongova pamusoro kweguta. Paaiva musimboti uyu muitiro kuitwawo maguta akawanda ano Russian, nekuti nechepakati nhengo dzavo Anonyanyowanika akavaka zvinhu zvose.

Pakati siyana kumatunhu Kaliningrad anomhanya vakawanda mabhazi uye minibuses. Zvisinei, kuronga kufamba uchibatsirwa yavo, unofanira kufunga zvinobvira sokunonoka mumugwagwa nokuda kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa. Vasvika muguta hakudzivisiki, sezvo padanho motorization Kaliningrad riri pakati vatungamiri pakati pamaguta Russian, uye upamhi nokuti simba motokari mumugwagwa hakuna kukwana.

zvino funga chii vari nomumwe nechepakati, Moscow uye Leningrad nharaunda. Kaliningrad, sezvataona kumusoro, ndiro guta chaizvo yakatanga, pasinei zvikuru nzvimbo, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nhamba zvinhu.

Leningrad nharaunda Kaliningrad: ndezvipi zvachiri?

Nzvimbo iyi iri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweguta. Huru senga arteries, izvo zvinowanikwa pano - Moscow uye mapepa neSoviet. Muna Leningrad nharaunda anewo Gorky mumugwagwa, Nevsky, Chernyakhovsky, Gagarin. Heino nzvimbo Selma. Kaliningrad, sezvo tichiziva, inoumbwa 3 wevakadzidza nzvimbo, asi mukati kwavari voga uye nharaunda. Pakati pevaya - Selma.

Chimwe chinoshamisa chinoratidza nzvimbo iri Leningrad reruwa iri chokwadi kuti akaronga misha. Pakati pevaya - Oktyabrsky. Region (Kaliningrad, sezvo tichiziva, kare vaiva Germany) kunoratidzwa pakuti chinyakare dzimba German zvinochengetedzeka. Vari riri Telman Street, kwete kure Lake Zvinzvimbo, uye "Youth" pamusoro paki. Asi iwe unogona kutenga munharaunda uye pfuma ano. Zvingava zvivakwa furati, uye townhouses. The pfuma itsva, iyo iri muna Leningrad nharaunda, dzinoratidzwa guru siyana mazano uye Layouts ose nemafurati.

Rinonyanya aishingaira akavaka maruwa mukati Leningrad nharaunda, unogona kutara avo kuti dziri pamwe mumigwagwa atirari, Gagarin. Kusvika pamwero wakati, zvinobatsira munzvimbo idzi nokuti kuti vari pakati kupfuura inokwanisika tichitarisa chokufambisa muguta. Siyana pakufamba vari mhiri Leningrad nharaunda. Kaliningrad - zvinokwezva guta, uye vazhinji vavo dziri chaizvo munzvimbo iyi.

Somuenzaniso, mufambi akasvika Leningrad nharaunda, unogona kushanyira Kristu Muponesi Cathedral, ari Amber Museum. Rinewo ano zvitoro - "Clover", "Passage".

nharaunda Moscow

Moscow mudunhu Kaliningrad chiri zvikuru kushingaira yakatanga. Mumigwagwa vari: International, Gromov, Mishka. The dunhu akavaka ano zvikoro, zvitoro. Dambudziko huru pano - zvakafanana plugs. Ndivo kunyanya mbiri nokuti kuti buda kubva kunharaunda kusvika pakati nomukombiyuta njanji zambuko, izvo chaizvo yakatetepa pachayo uye, uyezve, haigoni kupa mukuru throughput mu rinorema motokari nokuda nzvimbo pamusoro payo tramways. The chinokosha muguta Moscow nharaunda ingasvikwa nokuda chitima kana trolley bhazi. Pane yakatanga richikurukura mabhazi. Kunyange yemhando chokufambisa kwezvivako seboka kunoratidzwa rose Kaliningrad.

Moscow guta nzvimbo anewo zvinokwezva zvakawanda. Chinonyanya kucherechedzwa kuti Church kwayo, riri pamusoro Kant chitsuwa. The tembere mumwe zviratidzo Kaliningrad. Nzvimbo huru nhamba sezvivako. Maiva muna Moscow nharaunda hwapedyo Fishing Village, izvo machisi manyorero mavakirwo Königsberg akare.

ruzhinji

Kudeuka nharaunda nhatu yaiona nzvimbo, iyo inokamukana Kaliningrad - Central District. Its nevamwe chinhu ndiyo kuvapo vakawanda maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Pakati kupfuura - "Goldstone", "Baltterm". Hechino hove cannery, imba kudhinda "Amber ngano".

Nechepakati nzvimbo yeguta unokwanisa kuona vakawanda zvivako kudanana kudzokera kuGermany. Somuenzaniso, zvinokosha building, izvo dzimba simba rorusununguko History of vateereri ainzi Kant University (yaimbonzi kuchikoro Kraus uye of Hippel). Chivako umo kare mapurisa dhipatimendi zvino iri FSB chivako. City mabhizimisi centre iri mune imwe Imba yakanga kare North Station. Nechepakati nzvimbo yeguta unogona kushanyira Drama Theater, uyewo mhuka.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kumatunhu Kaliningrad zvayo aripo muchimiro ikoko tichishandisa yapfuura - kubva 2009. Chokwadi chokuti guta haana kare yakakamurwa 3, uye 5 administrative dzakabatana. Pakati pre-huripo aiva reBaltic nharaunda. Kaliningrad - guta, rwakazokura chikamu Soviet Union muna 1945, uye muna 1947 yakavhurwa yacho.

Muna 2009, rimwe yoga Mutongo Board vevatariri pamusoro Kaliningrad, kwakasarudzwa chokubatanidza pamwe Moscow. Imwe nzvimbo yeguta, izvo yaivako kare pasi zita October, rakaumbwawo muna 1947. Inenge panguva imwe chete kuBaltic akanga akabatanidzwa pamwe Central. Panyaya iyi, kuBaltic bordered mumwe Municipality isati kwave kuchiita kuchiratidzwa kuchinja kwayo administrative nokupesana Kaliningrad - Guryev nharaunda. Zvisinei, haushandi muguta uye kunharaunda, ane guta iri.

Unogona kuonawo kuti Oktyabrsky dunhu kusvikira muna 1961 rakanzi Stalin. Central, zvinoshamisa, yakanga yakaumbwa pava paya pane dzimwe nzvimbo muguta - muna 1952, uye yakava chikamu zita Stalin. Zvakasara October (yaimbonzi Stalin) akavawo nhengo Central muna 2009.

guta kwezvivako

Saka taidzidza nzira iyo administrative maruwa vomuguta vakapesana Kaliningrad. Iye zvino ngatikurukurei dzimwe mashoko chinokosha nezvazvo, zvakadai avo kuti dzinoratidza chaiyo hunhu waro kwezvivako.

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti ndainakidzwa kumhanya mumadhorobha mugwagwa samambure hwapedyo correlative pamwe rinomutsa okukura nzvimbo itsva. zvikamu huru mikuru, vaya dzakavakwa shure muGermany, vane hurungudo kumugumo kunoda rinokosha kusvika nezviremera guta kuramba functionality yavo.

Sezvataona pamusoro apa, muna Kaliningrad zvikuru dzakabudirira mabhazi. By padanho motokari arambe achirema guta riri nenhanho makurusa maguta Russian. Vakarongeka nokushanda Kaliningrad chokufambisa pomumbure zvinogona kuoma nokuda kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa. Zvikurukuru guru vakaita, kufanana mune dzakawanda mamwe maguta ano, mangwanani uye manheru. Achitaura mabhazi, iyo inoshanda zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana muguta Kaliningrad, izvozvo rinomiririrwa mu zvinenge ano nemarudzi ose pasi, kureva mabhazi, trolleybuses, trams, minibuses. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nezvifambiso richikurukura guta riri nechimwe patsime relsobusami.

edzidzo masangano

Zvichakubatsirawo zvingabatsira kudzidza chii zvimwe zvikoro zviri riri inoshamisa muguta Kaliningrad. Chief yemo University - University of Immanuel Kant. Panguva Technical University chitima nyanzvi pamusoro Profiles siyana, dzakadai vanokwanisa pasango Fisheries. Pakati pezvimwe anozivikanwa zvikoro Kaliningrad nekusiyanisa Institute ainzi pashure Ushakov, University Ministry of Interior kweRussia uye kuBaltic State Academy. Vakapedza mumadhorobha mukuru muzvikoro pamatunhu kwokudiwa zvose munzvimbo yayo uye mberi. Kaliningradians Vakawanda inoedza simba ravo Europe nokuda napedyo aro mazhinji dzakabudirira.

upfumi veguta

Kaliningrad - inokosha maindasitiri muzinda uye pachiteshi. Pakati emakambani kupfuura guta iri fekitari "Amber" uye Wagon Works. The boka rokutanga specialized zvose muchiuto uye zvavo mirairo. Yechipiri kunobereka siyana engineering zvigadzirwa, kudiwa mumunda njanji chokufambisa. Makambani Vose vane hombe kwezvivako uye kwesayenzi nezvaanogona inokubvumirai kushandisa kwazvo mabasa munzvimbo umo mafekitari unoshanda.

Other huru maindasitiri zvebhizimisi guta - "Lukoil-Kaliningradneft". Unobereka mafuta, uye unoberekawo-siyana maindasitiri zvigadzirwa, akadai kuchera rigs, midziyo, simbi.

Zvichida imwe yakakurumbira emakambani muguta - Amber Plant. Zvisinei, hakusi zvakananga pamusoro yose Kaliningrad, uye amachinda musha Amber. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti guta iri kwakabatana guru nharaunda migwagwa yakanaka, saka daro pakati pake uye Kaliningrad anenge 41 km zviri kukurira zvakaenzana nokukurumidza. The chirimwa zvebhizimisi kugadzirwa rinopenya, ayo kubudiswa, kunobereka zvakasiyana siyana zvishongo.

Above tinoona kuti anenge ose administrative Unit, iro inokamukana Kaliningrad (Moscow nharaunda, Leningrad, Central), anoisa hombe zvitoro, uyewo zvitoro, kushanda mumidziyo format. Vose basa rinokosha muna Kaliningrad upfumi. Kudeuka dzokutengeserana network muguta - "Vester", "Victoria" uye "Europe". Achishingaira kuitwa zvokutengeserana uye misika Kaliningrad - Central, Baltic, Moscow, South, uye Zakharov.

How kusvika Kaliningrad?

Saka, chikuru nzvimbo Kaliningrad, tadzidza. Ndingaita sei kuti uyu guta rinoshamisa?

The chikuru chinoratidza kugarwa ichi, uyewo nharaunda, guta guru iro ari, iri yokuti nhengo dunhu - ane exclave of Russian Federation. Kureva, rakakomberedzwa dzimwe nyika, kureva miganhu Lithuania uye Poland.

Nyore dzekuendesa Kaliningrad vagari dzimwe kumatunhu Russia - kusvika nendege. Chokutanga, ya kutiza kubva Moscow anotora maawa kubva St. Petersburg chete anenge 2 - kunyange zvishoma. Chechipiri, kunoshanyira Kaliningrad mundege mugari wenyika Russian Federation havadi pasipoti.

Uyewo, kuti vauye Russian Sea reBaltic nebhazi, chitima kana motokari, unofanira pasipoti. Uyezve, zvichaita kuva Lithuanian visa, Poland kana zvimwe Schengen inoti. Uyewo, kana kuenda Kaliningrad mugari Lithuania kana Poland, zvichava kuva Russian vhiza. Hazvina zvinoshamisa kuti kuvagari Kaliningrad nharaunda anogona zvandakatonga pasipoti akasununguka, kureva pasina kuchinjirwa kune bhajeti iri hurumende kubhadhara. Uyewo kuti vagari Russian reBaltic rakavhurika mukana vasina ma visa kushanyira kumuganhu maguta muPoland.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vagari Russian kodzero ape nyore nzira dzaifanoiswa vhiza kuburikidza Lithuania. Kundoitora, tapota nyorerai chivako pa Railways Russian. Lithuanian dzaifanoiswa Visa kupatsanurwa mumaawa 24 kubvira panguva pakunamata uye anopiwa zvakananga mufambi chitima, izvo anopinda munharaunda Lithuania. Next, isu funga peculiarities kushandiswa kwayo.

The runoenzanirana vhiza - imwe mhando nekanzuru Omani vatariri dzaifanoiswa gwaro, izvo vanogona RF vagari vane kugara Kaliningrad mudunhu. Chii chiri specificity?

mvumo Iri 2 shanduro - dzose Simplified, uyewo njanji. Wokutanga unokubvumira kupinda mugari wenyika Russian Federation kuna Lithuania pamusoro chero chokufambisa, shandisa chero migwagwa achibuda mumotokari yake, kana anofamba pamusoro payo. Asi vanhu vanofanira nguva kuyambuka muganhu Lithuania, uye kupinda Russia kana Belarus mumaawa 24. Kuti vawane gwaro iri mubvunzo, zvinokosha kushandisa kuti Lithuanian veHigh. Its Duration - kusvika 3 years. Kana achiita dzaifanoiswa gwaro anofanira abhadhara vhiza kubhadhara.

Gwaro rechipiri - iri dzaifanoiswa visa, zvatakakutadzirai akati apa. Chinobvumira mugari wenyika Russian Federation kuyambuka muganhu Lithuania chete nechitima. Panyaya iyi, gwaro haibvumiri munhu kubuda mumotokari panguva yavaigara vari mumiganhu rakapihwa mamiriro. Its Duration - kusvika 3 months (pamwe tariro yokudzoka rwendo mugari mukati kupiwa nguva). Unogona kurayira yakakodzera gwaro iri kuchiteshi tikiti hofisi. Vakapa mahara.

Ndingaita sei kuti mune mumwe kana mumwe administrative Unit, iro anokamura guta Kaliningrad (the Leningrad nharaunda, Moscow kana nechepakati) panyaya asvika muguta achishandisa siyana pakufamba? Kana mufambi anosvika Kaliningrad nendege, zvichava nyore kubva Khrabrovo yendege muguta hwaunoda. It riri 24 km kubva guru remunharaunda. Pakati pake Kaliningrad mabhazi nemuchovha. Kazhinji, sangano ravo chinotanga chemabhazi, riri munzvimbo Moscow mudunhu. It yaiva pedyo South Station. Inouya huru chikamu nezvitima kubva Russia. Uyewo Gare du Nord anofarira Republic chitima. Kuitira kufamba pakati dzakasiyana zvinhu kwezvivako pamusoro Kaliningrad, zvingadarowo kushandisa mabhazi kana nemuchovha.