Intranasal ndedzipi hutungamiri hwemishonga? Intranasal preparations

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzekuisa mishonga mumutumbi wemunhu. Yokutanga pamambakwedza emishonga inoshandisa nzira dzomunharaunda nenzira yezvikumbiro, zvinonaka, zvinogadzirisa uye zvinonzwika, zvichibatanidza kumedza mafomu emitengo yakawanda kana zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Nekuvandudzwa kwemishonga uye teknolojia yekubudisa zvinhu zvinoshanda, nzira dzakaoma zvikuru dzakashandiswa kune chinangwa chechirongwa.

Kwakanga kune rectal uye vaginal suppositories (suppositories), mahwendefa mazhinji evanhu vakawanda, kusanganisira avo vakaputirwa nejasi, yakagadziriswa kana nechechi yegastric, kana nemakumbo emimba. Nzira dzisina kukodzera: intra-uye subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intra-arterial, intraosseous. Mishonga iyi inorohwa muzvibatanidzi uye mukati mechikamu chemuviri.

Pasinei nenzira yakajeka yehutungamiri, endotracheal uye intranasal zvinodhaka zvakashandiswa munguva pfupi yapfuura. Zvechokwadi, kwaiva nemadonhwe mumhino yekare neHippocrates. Zvisinei, intranasal imwe yenzira dzekuisa mishonga yekuendesa kune dzimwe nhengo, uye kwete mishonga inorwisa-edema munzvimbo inowonhora, uye sumo yakadaro yakatangwa makore mashomanana akapfuura.

Mazana emishonga inonzi intranasal iyo yakafanana (systemic) effect

Kuongorora kwakawanda kwakaratidza kuti kurwisana nehuwandu hwehutachiona haisi iyo chete chikonzero chirwere ichi chinoshandiswa mumupata. Nhamba yemishonga inenge yakagadziriswa inogadziriswa zvachose kubva mumvura inoshandiswa uye inosvika pakarepo iyo inopinda.

Intranasal administration inogona ku:

• H1-antihistamine (antiallergic);
• A-adrenomimetics (vasoconstrictor);
• Zvigadziriswe zvemuviri wemasero emasero;
• Serotonergic (ine zvakasiyana-siyana - kubva kuvasoconstriction kuenda kune antiallergic);
• Hormonal and anti-hormonal;
• Narcotic analgesics ;
• Immunomodulators;
• Vanoruramisa vekatetile uye bone tissue metabolism;
• Psychostimulants uye nootropics.

Zvikamu zve intranasal drug administration

Kwenguva yakareba, makambani ekurapa akaedza kugadzirisa matambudziko maviri asina kupindurwa maererano nekushandiswa kwemishonga ine protein yemakemikari. Chigumbuso chacho chaiva kuparadzwa kweprotein-peptide chikamu chebasa rinoshandiswa nechechi yegastric uye mazinyamu emukumbo kuburikidza nemuromo. Uyewo dambudziko raiva chiitiko chekutanga chekutanga kuburikidza nechiropa - kusungirirwa kwekushanda kwakaoma uye kushandiswa kwayo.

Mhinduro yacho yakawanika mukushandiswa kwejenjeni yekugadzirisa uye rectal suppositories. Zvisinei, nzira yekutanga inoratidzirwa nehumwe unyanzvi hwekugadzira huri pamwe chete nekunzwa kusingafadzi. Uye yechipiri yakanga isingashandisi zvakakwana nekuda kwekudzikira kwepasi mumagumo ekutengesa. Chisarudzo chakauya zvisingatarisirwi. Zvakabva zvaitika kuti intranasal, seyena injectable, sumo, umo kukurumidza kukurumidza kwekurapa kunoitwa. Uye pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvinhu, iyo yakawanda yakanyanya bioavailability inowanikwa, kureva, kudiwa kwakakosha kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa panzvimbo yekushandiswa kwayo.

Imwe nzvimbo inobatsira ye intranasal administration yakaratidzwa mu extracellular (nokupindira kunyorera muropa kuburikidza ne mucous membrane) kupindira kwezvinhu zvakashanda muuropi. Kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo, mishonga inoendeswa pamwe chete nemafuta e-olfactory uye trigeminal nerves.

Maitiro ekugadzirira intranasal

Nokuda kwekuiswa mumumvuri wemvura pane imwe nhamba isina kukwana yemafomu emagetsi anoshandiswa. Chokutanga pane izvi, izvi, zvechokwadi, inodonha mumhino. Zvinokwanisika kuti inhale pfupfu nemagadzirirwo akapararira. Mafuta anoshandiswa. Zvimwe zvinogadziriswa kana mitsvuku yemishonga yemvura yekushambidza ganda remasango kune boka iri haisi nekuda kwekutsvaga kwenguva pfupi mucosa panguva yekushanda kwavo.

Nzira huru yekubudiswa kwemishonga inonzi intranasal iyo inogadzirisa zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa nemasprays. Iyo inowanikwa nenzira ye spray cans nemhepo yakanyanyisa kana kuti inoshanda pombi-spray. Pamusana pehuwandu hwepray ejection nechisimba chimwe chete, kune mukana wekuenzaniswa kwakakwana kwechirwere.

Uyewo, paunenge uchishandisa spray, pane kudiridza kweyunifomu yemukati mumcosa. Izvi zvinokonzera kushandiswa zvakakwana kwechirwere, izvo zvinowedzera mararamiro ayo.

Izvo zvakakosha zvakanakira intranasal administration

Kubva pane zvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinokwanisika kuziva kuti zvakakosha zvakadini zvinogadzirwa ne intranasal. Kuzorodza uye kusununguka kwekutaura, izvo zvisingadi mimwe midziyo yekugadzira uye yekudzidzira kwakakosha, sezvinoitika munjodzi nzira, inonyanya kukosha pane chikamu chekushandisa kwavo nemurwere.

Kubva pamaonero e physiology uye pharmacology, kukwanisa kwechiito chepamusoro pane zvivako zveuropi ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga. A pronounced systemic effect, inowanikwa munguva pfupi, sezvinoitwa nzira yekuisira injini, inokoshawo. Pamusana pekusavapo kwechiitiko chekutanga chekutanga kuburikidza nechiropa, kuwedzera bioavailability kwechirwere uye chidiki chekushushikana kusingadikanwi kunobatanidza nayo kunovimbiswa.

Kukanganiswa kwemuitiro

Kubva pakuona kwehutano hwemagetsi, dambudziko guru riri kuchengetedza hutano hwekurapa kwechirwere chemuropa mu plasma yeropa. Nhengo yacho inokurumidza kugadziriswa uye inosvika pakukwirira kwechiitiko munguva pfupi, saka intranasal hutungamiri inogona kushandiswa chete kwekugadzirisa kwenguva pfupi kwemamiriro. Nzira yakareba inogoneka chete nekuiswa kwezvinodhaka izvo zvinokonzera chimiro cheuropi.

Mukuwedzera, kukurudzirwa kwemaitiro emunharaunda kune munalsa inoshandisika inogoneka. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukwaniswa kwepamusoro kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwe spray uye zvinyorwa zvezvimwe zvikamu zvinovimbisa huwandu hwechirevo chechirwere kubva pasi pemucosa kusvika muropa.

Iko kunogona kubviswa kubva mumvura yakadzika kune nhamba isina kukwana yemishonga inenge yakakodzera physico-makemikari. Mune murwere, zvisinei, kunyanya kukwirira kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoguma mune zvakakosha mari yekutsvaga kwe spray.

Intranasal immunomodulators

Mune imwe nguva-iyo kana muhosha yehutano yekudzivirira uye kurapwa zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinodhaka zvinowedzera huwandu hwemagetsi edziviriro yemuviri.

Intranasal interferon inoshandiswa pakudzivirira nekudzivirira nokukurumidza.

Pakati pekutsvakurudza kwakawanda yakawanikwa, kuti nzira ye intranasal yekutangisa immunomoduljatora inokurudzira kwete chete chipingamupinyi chekupindira kwevhiirusi-vashandisi kuburikidza nemucosa mumasasa. Inokurudzirawo basa ravo rekudzivirira mauto - kushandiswa kwekugadzirwa kwevanopirononi yavo. Kukurudzira kugadzirwa kweinterferon isingagumi senzira yekugadzirisa kurapa, mushonga we "Anandin" unoshandiswa intranasal.

Human Interferon

Kugadzirirwa kwekuzvidzivirira kwekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere, izvo zvine basa rinorwisana nematachiona akawanda ehutachiona, "Interferon" inowanikwa nenzira yemapiritsi, injenji uye mapfupa ekugadzirira madonhwe. Nokudzivirira uye kurapwa, unogona kushandisa chero maitiro ekubudiswa. Asi kupa zvekuchengetedzwa kwemunharaunda, zvichida intranasal. Izvi, sechinhu chisingaonekwi, chinodzivirira kupindira kwenhamba yakawanda yemavirusi mukati memasero emukanyamuti wechipfu. Izvo zvichaita kuti zviitiko zvishoma zvive muhosha.

Immunostimulator "Anandin", madonhwe eziso uye intranasal

Mushonga uyu waishandiswa zvikuru nekuda kwekusakwana kusakwana kwemigumisiro, kukanganiswa kwakashata uye kunaka kwekudzivirira mafungiro. Pamusoro peizvi, iyo inewo chirevo chekuvadzwa-kuporesa pfuma, iyo inokosha kana inoshandiswa nenzira yemadonhwe eziso kana paine dambudziko kune konea kana kuti conjunctiva.

Contraindications yekushandiswa inongorongedzerwa intramuscularly "Anandin". Madonhwe eIndranasal anobvumidzwa chero nguva, panguva yekuzvitakura, lactation uye zvimwe zvirwere zvepanyama kana zvirwere.

Kana iyo allergic rhinitis

Kakawanda chikonzero chechirwere mumhino, kunyunyuta uye kukonzera kwakanyanya hakusi hutachiona, asi an antigen iyo inotungamirira kumagadzirirwo evanhu vasingazivikanwi ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere - zvirwere. Mukutambudzika kwakaoma kwechimiro che rhinitis, intranasal corticosteroids inowanzoshandiswa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune vanhu vanotambura nemwaka wemaitiro ekurwisa-kupora.

Mumazuva ekuraira kwemimwe michina, hazvina kukwana kuti varwere vakadaro vashandise antihistamine chete zvinodhaka, izvo zvinowanzoitika. Izvi hazvibvumirwi paunenge uchifambisa, uchishanda nemichina kana mumamiriro ezvinhu ekufungisisa kwepfungwa. Zvadaro mapurisa emunharaunda anowanirwa, izvo zvinoderedza kuratidzwa kwezviratidzo zvisingave nemigumisiro yakawanda pamusana wehutoni hwemashure.

Precautions

Pasinei nehuwandu hwekuwanika uye nyore nyore kushandiswa kwemishonga yakadaro, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti intranasal, kufanana nedzimwe mishonga, iyo inofanira kushandiswa chete kunyorwa kwechiremba, mumutero wakatarwa, nguva uye nguva yehutungamiri.

Kune dzimwe nguva mamiriro ezvinhu apo iwe unoda kutora mishonga yakawanda panguva imwe chete, hapana imwe yaro inogona kubviswa. Nokudaro, zvichave zvakafanira kuziva kuti havazovi nemigumisiro yakaipa pamhuka kana ichibatanidzwa. Mirayiridzo yekushandisa haigoni kusanganisira zvose zvingasarudzwa zvekugadzirisa kweanoratidzika. Ndiko kusati watanga kutora zvinodhaka zvakadai semadhodhodho, mafuta nezvinonhuwira, zvakakosha kuonana neyanyanzvi.