Injini pachayo inotyisa: tsanangudzo yakazara, mifananidzo

Iyo injini yemhepo yakatanga kuwedzera kwayo pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19. Uye kare panguva iyoyo kwete chete mauniti makuru ezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi akavakwa, asiwo mapfekero. Kune chikamu chikuru, vatengi vavo vaiva vapfumi vakapfuma, avo vaida kuzvidzora ivo nevana vavo. Mushure mokunge zvikwata zvinopisa zvakapinda muhupenyu hwevanhu, majini anoshandiswa akatanga kushandiswa mumayunivhesiti uye zvikoro sezvidzidzo zvedzidzo.

Steam injini yenguva yedu

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kukosha kwezvinjini dzemhepo zvakatanga kuwira. Imwe yemakambani mashomanana akaenderera mberi kubudisa mini-injini yekushongedza yaiva yeBritish firm Mamod, iyo inokubvumira kutenga sendimi yemidziyo yakadaro nanhasi. Asi mari yezvinjini dzakadaro dzinodarika nyore kusvika mazana maviri mapaundi sterling, izvo zvisiri zvishoma zviduku kune dzimwe nguva manheru. Kunyanya kune avo vanoda kuunganidza marudzi ose emhando dzavo, zvinonyanya kufadza kugadzira injini yemhepo ine maoko nemaoko avo.

Chigadzirwa chejini chacho chiri nyore kwazvo. Moto unopisa gorosi nemvura. Pasi pemusana wekushisa, mvura inoshanduka kuva simbi, iyo inokanda piston. Apo tangi rine mvura, ndege inobatana ne piston inotenderera. Iyi ndiyo chirongwa chakakwana chechimiro chejini injini. Asi iwe unogona kuunganidza mufananidzo uye wakasiyana zvachose nekugadzirisa.

Zvakanaka, ngatitange kubva pane zvidzidzo kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinofadza. Kana iwe uchida kuita chimwe chinhu nemaoko ako, uye saka zvisingaoneki motokari dzinokushamisa iwe, zvino nyaya ino ndeyako, mukati maro tichafara kukuudza pamusoro pe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti ungasunganidza sei injini yekuzviisa iwe pachako. Panguva imwe chete iyo nzira yekusika nzira inopa mufaro zvisati zvishoma kudarika kwayo.

Mhando 1: mini steam engine nemaoko

Saka, ngatitange. Tichaunganidza zvinyoro zvinyoro zvinoshandiswa nemaoko edu. Mifananidzo, zvishandiso zvakakosha uye ruzivo rwakakosha hazvidiwi.

Chokutanga, tinotora aluminium rinogona kubva kune chero doro. Bvisa chikamu chechitatu. Somugumisiro tinowana mitsindo yakakosha, saka inoda kuiswa mukati nemapuropa. Tinozviita zvakanyatsonaka kuitira kuti tisazvicheka. Sezvo vazhinji vema aluminium cans vane pasi re concave, zvakakosha kuigadzirisa. Zvakakosha kumanikidzira munwe wake zvakasimba kurwisana chero dambudziko rakaoma.

Pakutarisa kwemasendimita mashanu kubva pamucheto wepamusoro we "girazi" inokonzerwa zvakakosha kuita mapako maviri anotarisana. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa punch nokuda kweizvi, sezvo zvichidikanwa kuti inowanikwa muhupamhi hwe3 mm. Pasi pemabhanki tinoisa kenduru yekushongedza. Iye zvino tora iyo yakawanda tafurafura yemiti, munem iyo, uye woiputira nepamusoro pe mini-burner.

Mini nozzles

Zvadaro, unoda kutora chidimbu chemhangura tube urefu hwe15-20 cm. Zvakakosha kuti iri mukati mukati, sezvo izvi zvichange zviri nzira yedu yekuita kuti sarudzo iite. Chikamu chepakati chebhubhu chakavharidzirwa pensefesi 2 kana katatu, kuitira kuti zviduku zviwanikwe.

Iye zvino zvakakosha kuisa chinhu ichi kuitira kuti nzvimbo yakavharwa iiswe panzvimbo yakananga pamusoro pemwenje wick. Kuti uite izvi, shandisai bhutu kuomiriro rwetsamba "M". Muchiitiko ichi, tinoderedza zvikamu zvinowira pasi kuburikidza nemakomba ari munogona. Nokudaro, tubhudhi yemhangura yakanyatsogadziriswa pamusoro pemucheka, uye mhedhi dzayo ndezvisikwa zvinoshamisa. Kuti urongwa hufambe, zvinodiwa kukotamisa zvikamu zvakasiyana zve "M-element" 90 degrees nenzira dzakasiyana. Iyo injini yemhepo yakagadzirira.

Kutanga injini

Iko rinogona kuiswa mumudziyo nemvura. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kuti mhedha ye tube iri pasi payo. Kana zviputi zvisina nguva yakareba, iwe unogona kuwedzera uremu hudiki kusvika pasi pegoni. Asi chenjerera-usanyura injini yose.

Zvino zvinokosha kuti uzadze tubhu nemvura. Nokuda kweizvi, imwe muganhu inogona kuderedzwa mumvura, uye imwe inogona kutora mumhepo kuburikidza nebhoyadhi. Isu tinoderedza chinogona kumvura. Isu tinopisa tambo yekenduru. Mushure mechinguva, mvura iri mumhepo inotanga kuchinja, iyo iri pasi pekumanikidzwa ichabhururuka kubva kumativi akasiyana emakona. Bhenji ichatanga kutenderera mu tangi nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Ndizvo zvatakawana injini newaini yedu. Sezvaunogona kuona, zvinhu zvose zviri nyore.

Muenzaniso wekugadzira injini kuvanhu vakuru

Iye zvino tichaita basa iri. Tichaunganidza injini yakakomba newaini yedu. Kutanga iwe unoda kutora chinyorwa chepende. Iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti yakachena zvachose. Pamadziro ane 2-3 masikati kubva pasi, dura rutsanga uye zviyero zve 15 x 5 cm. Rutivi rurefu runoiswa zvakafanana nechepasi pegoni. Kubva pamatare esimbi tinocheka chikamu che 12 x 24 cm Kubva kumativi ose emakona akareba tinoyera masendimita matanhatu. Tinokotama zvikamu izvi pamakona 90 degrees. Isu tinowana "shoma-tafura" ine nzvimbo ye 12 x 12 cm uye makumbo e 6 cm.Tinogadzirisa kugadzirwa kwakagadzirwa kusvika pasi pegoni.

Pamuviri wehuvharo, zvibato zvakasiyana siyana zvinofanira kuiswa uye kuiswa mumhando yemashiripiti pamwe nechikamu chimwe chechivako. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti masango ane uwandu hunenge 1 cm. Izvi zvinodiwa kuitira kuti ivheneke zvakanaka mukati memhepo. Iyo injini yemhepo inenge isisakwanisi kushanda zvakanaka kana pasina mhepo yakakwana kuti ifike kumoto wemoto.

Icho chinhu chikuru

Kubva pamapuranga emhangura inoita mhepo. Zvinotora kutora anenge mamita matanhatu emuchuturo wemhangura yakanyoroka uye yakaita mamita 1/4-inch (0.64 cm). Kubva pane imwe mugumo tinoyera masendimita 30. Kutanga kubva pano, zvakakosha kuti tishandise shanu dzemaodzanyemba nemheto ye12 cm imwe neimwe. Zvose zviri mubhuti zvakasungirirwa muzvindori gumi nemasendimita 8 cm Saka, kune rumwe rutivi panofanira kuva nemakumi maviri emakumi maviri ehurukuro.

Zvose zviri zviviri zvinopfurikidza nemapapiro ari munogona kuvhara. Kana zvikaitika kuti urefu hwechikamu chakajeka hahukwaniri ichi, ipapo imwe yevhiri inogona kuzarurirwa. Pachigadzirwa chakaiswa mberi, isa mazimbe. Muchiitiko ichi, mhepo inofanira kuiswa pamusoro pepuratifomu iyi. Mazimbe akaiswa zvakanaka pakati pemakumbo ayo. Iye zvino bhangi inogona kuvharwa. Pakupedzisira, tine furimi inotyaira injini. Ne maoko ake, injini yemhepo inenge yava kuda kuitwa. Rinoramba riri zvishoma.

Water tank

Iyezvino unoda kutora imwe chirongo kubva pasi pepende, asi kakatova maduku. Pakati pechifukidziro chayo, chengetedza gomba remasentimita masere kubva kune rumwe rutivi, kune mamwe mabowo akaitwa - imwe pedyo nechepasi, yechipiri - pamusoro, pachivako chairo.

Tora makorikisi maviri, mukati umo iyo pfuti inogadzirwa kubva kumadhaita emhangura yehuta. Muchikamu chimwe chete, masendimita 25 emapulazi epurasitiki akaiswa, mune imwe - 10 cm, kuitira kuti rutivi rwavo rurege kutarisa kunze kwezvikwata. Mumumucheto wezasi weiyo zviduku zvinogona kuve, chikamu chine bhuru refu chinowanikwa, mumusoro-soro - bhuru shoma. Tinogadzika chirongo chiduku pamvura yakakura yepende kuitira kuti gomba riri pasi rive kune rumwe rutivi rwemhepo inoputika yemvura yakakura.

Mhinduro

Somugumisiro, shanduko inotevera inofanira kuwanikwa. Mubhokisi duku, mvura inodururwa mukati, iyo, kuburikidza nehomwe iri pasi, inopinda mumumhangura wehuta. Pasi pemhepo, moto unodzimwa, unopisa mudziyo wemhangura. Mhepo inotonhorera inosimudza tube.

Kuti magetsi ave akapera, zvakakosha kuisa piston uye flywheel kumucheto wokumusoro wemhangura tube. Somugumisiro, simba rinopisa remoto richashandurwa kuva magetsi ekufambisa kwegumbo. Pane zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusika yakadaro kunze kwemajini, asi mukati mazvo zvinhu zviviri zvinowanzobatanidzwa - moto nemvura.

Mukuwedzera pane zvakagadziriswa, zvinokwanisika kuunganidza injini yewaini ye Stirling nemaoko ega, asi iyo nyaya ndeyenyaya yakasiyana zvachose.