Howitzer "Hyacinth". Cannon "Hyacinth-B": hwokugadzira nokurondedzerwa uye mapikicha

Inenge 50-60-ies wekupedzisira remakore, kukura tsika kanoni atirari muna USSR akapotsa arega. Zvadaro, muna dzidziso uto yemamiriro maonero kuti ramangwana - nokuti zvitundumuseremusere. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, Developers pakati kwakajairika zvombo vaifanira kushanda nesimba kuti vabvume vatungamiriri kudiwa munyika nokuda pakuzadzisa bazi iri uto michina.

Wokupedzisira mashanga aiva mamiriro ezvinhu mune dzimwe "kupisa makwapa" nguva, apo yakare howitzer Soviet zvakatoipa kupfuura azvino zviitiko zvenyika American gunsmiths. Chaioneka howitzer "Hyacinth" munguva iyoyo. Zvisikwa Its kwakaratidza kutanga kwenguva itsva umo kukosha dzekare kanoni atirari kare haana nharo. unozvishandira propelled vezvikwata pamwe chete zita vakasikwa hwayo, izvo nhasi vari mubasa pasi pose.

Basic hwokugadzira mashoko

Saka akadana Soviet kugadzirwa towed pfuti caliber inova 152 mm. Saka, ndeye muchikwata inorema atirari. nzira iyi nechinangwa kudzvinyirira uye kuparadzwa zvachose muvengi inifanduri, atirari, warrior motokari uye kurwisa muvengi kufora, uyewo kuparadzwa dzakavakirirwa murayiro mbiru uye dzine wevasungwa mauto muvengi.

Kufanana nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakafanana Soviet, howitzer "Hyacinth" inogona zvinobudirira kushandiswa zvakawanda ekunze uye okunze. Kwete kuva kusina, tinopa muenzaniso kongiri. Saka, muna nemiedzo izvozvo akaratidza nemigumisiro yakanaka kana vachiridzira munzvimbo ambient mamiriro ezvinhu tembiricha kubva -50 ° C kuti +50 ° C. kanoni ichi pamire Russian Armed Forces, uyewo dzimwe nyika, aimbova chikamu USSR. Mukuwedzera, howitzer "Hyacinth" iri aine uto Finnish.

Brief Historical Background

Development rutsva mhando zvombo akatanga muna 1968 muna Perm. kuita pfuti itsva, zvainyanya izvo zvaizova nani kupfuura huripo analogues pazuva iroro, mumwe aiva basa kuti Developers kubva pakutanga. Kubva pakutanga chaipo, zvakanga kwakatangwa magadzirirwe nezvemarudzi maviri zvivako. kutanga - towed howitzer "Hyacinth 2A36", wechipiri - muenzaniso 2A37. Ichangobva pfuti akaronga kuti kuwedzera pamusoro kuzvidzora propelled atirari ane zvakafanana zita.

Pakutanga, mukuru mugadziri akagadzwa unyanzvi injiniya Yn Kalachnikov. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti wokutanga kupfura pfuti ivhu wawakaratidzwa kare mumakore 1971-1972. By hondo Soviet rwakatanga kupona ne 1976. Sei zvakadaro duku caliber pfuti kuti "Hyacinth" akasarudzwa? Howitzer 240 mm kwaizova neveruwa panyaya muhondo simba, ndiyo bedzi kutakurwa chikara yakadaro ingadai vaifanira kuva inokosha nematarakita anofamba.

Zvikonzero kukurumbira

Kunyange nhasi, kuti "zvisingachashandi" womuenzaniso 2A36 ane unhu hwakaisvonaka kuti howitzer akaoma chombo. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa guru kurwisa simba, mukuru famba uye rakavimbika. Inogona kuendeswa pasina chinokosha matambudziko rails, gungwa uye mhepo. Kana nepfuti "Hyacinth" anoshandiswa chikwata ane ruzivo, rinogona zvinobudirira kushandiswa munenge munyika dzose ezvinhu zvehondo ano.

Nokuti mashoko ari hwokugadzira mudziyo

Pfuti iri nepokuongorora gedhi semiautomatic mhando hydro-pneumatic recuperator, iyo inoshandisa hazviiti simba pamusoro dhiramu kudzokera chepakuvamba nzvimbo pashure kuita vapfurwa. Kuti zviite Mabatiro inorema zvombo, pane cheni inosimbisa mashandiro zvose goko uye achidzinga upfu nokuchengeta (yoga kuchaja anoshongwa).

Nokuti chigadzirwa zvakananga kubva kufora watsemuka (kuzvitutumadza akagadza mavhiri) nhovo rinoshandiswa ane simba hydraulic Jack. Pfuti mamiriro anopa wehunyambiri nhungamiro kaviri nokukurumidza mashandiro. Zvakananga chokushandisa 152 mm caliber pfuti, muenzaniso 2A36. Panguva tomu akamedura zvachose Upfu kureba 8197 mm.

rwisana nekutumirwa kwemauto

Akabudisa pfuti "Hyacinth" iri chacho pamwe vatatu zvitsigiso kune zvakanga chaizvo akafanana 122-mm towed howitzer D-30. Vaviri pamubhedha zvitatu chinjwa, saka kuti nekutumirwa kwemauto kuti bhatiri nzira Nzvimbo iri nyore kunzwisisa. Pakazosvika nguva kuvhiyiwa ino zvinotora dzemaitirwe yakagadzirwa maminitsi hapana anopfuura maviri kana matatu. Sezvo pfuti kurema iri zviduku (matani anenge gumi), mureza hondo tarakita anogona kushandiswa chokufambisa.

Chii unyanzvi anogona kushandiswa vachikweva?

Cherechedza kuti chinangwa ichi chinogona kushandiswa motokari KrAZ-255, KrAZ-260 (6x6) kana mureza Crawler tarakita AT-T, ATC, MAD-59 MAD, MT-T, izvo zviri basa zvinenge zvose pokuita nyika Warsaw chibvumirano. Sezvineiwo, kana ngoro kutenderwa achishandisa tarakita papi kukwira 60 km / h. Izvi "Hyacinth-B" anoenzanisa zvakanaka nevamwe towed howitzers, akamira basa nyika yedu uye NATO.

Kukunda matambudziko

Accommodation mune chigaro chinotakurwa chombo chakasimba zvibvire nemhaka yokuti rave richishandiswa kuna tomu dzakapasanura aikosha design, izvo akabvumira anenge kaviri ezasi anodzoka. Kuti zviite dzemaitirwe basa, akapa zano cheni projectiles zvitengeswa magadzirirwo. Pamusoro pane muchina murindi chiedza kuti inodzivirira tsvimbo mabara shrapnel. Kana ballistic chaitwa, ivo dzinenge zvakafanana nokuti howitzer ML-20.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakuvaka rwokudzivirira nhoo vagadziri vakanga yakawanda nezvokudya panguva. Chokwadi chokuti muedzo yepakutanga varwi vakapemberera chiito zvikuru simba tomu. It akamutsa gore guruva kwete chete, nemafungiro aya nokuzivisa akazvitanga zvachose muvengi, asi aigona kukonzera kukuvara kukarukureta. Kudzidza zvose ruzivo urwu, kuti vagadziri akakwanisa kusika munhu hwakanyatsorwisa tsindirana asi inoshanda nhoo, izvo dzimwe nguva anogona kutsungirira kunyange pfuti vachiridzira atirari chinzvimbo.

underride mashandiro

Sezvatakamboreva kare akati, pamasikiro chezvombo zvinoshandiswa tomu akaputsa slotted mhando. Asi hazvina kukwana chokururamisa nacho pamusoro hazviiti zvakasimba apo vachiridzira ane 152-millimeter deko. To chose kubvisa dzemaitirwe pamusoro zvinokuvadza uye kuvandudza kupfura zvakarurama, vagadziri zvakapa munhu hydraulic akamedura uye pneumatic recuperator.

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvipfuwo howitzers, yokupedzisira uzere senitrogen. Izvi zvinoita inert gasi kudzima simba kunokanganisa projectiles ane yepamusoro kunyatsoshanda.

Features anoshongwa

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyanya "Hyacinth-B" panguva inokosha kwepfuti kuti yoga-nyaya vachizvitakudza kunge yakatanga. Rakanga chokuita chokwadi kuti kuva nani kunzwisisa basa uye oma ezvinhu pamberi vagadziri. Vaifanira kusika chombo, iro rine mufambo zvakakwana uye portability dzakakwirira yetsiva simba. Uyezve, pfuti aizofanira kushumira pamusoro anopfuura matatu kana mana vanhu.

Saka ngationei nyorai mhando dzose chikuru anoshongwa zvinogona kushandiswa "Hyacinth". Howitzer, iyo mufananidzo uri bepa, muchadya zvinotevera mhando zvombo:

• VOF39 womuenzaniso. Standard pena kupinda akagadzira zvinosanganisira mukuru-putika mutariri RP-29. Vose kurema ndiyo 46 makirogiramu, izvo 6,73 makirogiramu hwainyanya simba putika giredhi A-IX-2.
• Nyorai ZVOF86. Zvinofadza nokuti ane chimiro mu chitundumuseremusere-achibatsirwa projectile RP-59 wokuenzanisira, iyo unogona nechivimbo yarova nangananga pa madaro anosvika 33.5 makiromita.
• bhomba inokosha renyukireya yakaderera vachikwanisa yavewo dzakabudirira (0.1-2 kg). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva munitions izvi wakarambidzwa anoverengeka kokorodzano. Zvisinei, iwe uchiri kuda kuyeuka kuti howitzer "Hyacinth", iro rinotaura zvainyanya mapepa edu, unogona moto munitions izvi. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive chombo zvikuru ngozi pakati siyana chubhu atirari.
• Akapfura kukaseti mhando 3O-13. Inogona vakagadzirira pamwe kusabatana submunitions, panguva pane sumbu munitions, izvo kushandisa kwavo kufunga-chinangwa submunitions. High rwisana waivako runowanikwa kushandiswa ano chinangwa sensors. Tichishandisa vachangobva dzakabudirira anoshongwa, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa vaunze jammer vachipindira kudzorera nangananga muvengi atirari.
• Pane chinhu Anti-tinofanira kugara bara (kupfura zvakananga moto chete) uye utsi mabhomba.

rwisana chikumbiro

Practical kuvhiyiwa muna Afghanistan zvinhu kwakaratidza kuti miniti imwe vakagadzirira uye vakadzidziswa dzemaitirwe anogona kubereka anenge mashanu kana matanhatu kwepfuti. Kazhinji, vemauto wongororo pamusoro ichi chombo kumeso kwazvo: simba uye rakaisvonaka ballistics pamusoro projectiles anogona kuvimbisa kuti kuparadza chero memasvingo muvengi.

Cherechedza kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu iwayo Gunners vaifanira kushanda zvakaoma, sezvo kutarisana rokuongorora zvinangwa yaive kumbobvira, uye unochinja gomo ekunze zvinoomesa zvikuru kunyange zvakananga moto. Panguva iyoyowo, "Hyacinth" vanofanira kukudzwa kwedu vehondo, nokuda kwayo yakakwirira rakavimbika: kunyange pashure akawanda dhazeni kwepfuti vanogumurwa panguva imwecheteyo, pfuti vakanga vagadzirira mamwe yetsiva.

Cherechedza kuti 152-mm howitzer "Hyacinth" zvikuru achishingaira kushandiswa nemauto edu zvose Chechen danidziro. Combat simba chokushandisa ichi zvinopfuura kamwe basa rakanaka, sezvo inogona yakanga pasina kumbondinetsa kuparadza nzvimbo Mauto, kunyange kana vakanga wakaiswa mune chesamende muzvivako akakura. volleys anoverengeka yakananga moto - uye pillboxes vakasara chete gomo chivakwa marara.

encombrements pfuti

Pfuti ine anoyevedza chaizvo kukura: kureba kwayo anenge 13 metres ari stowed chinzvimbo, mu vachiridzira ari chinoratidza zviri zvishoma chiduku - anenge 12,5 M Kukwirira hunde iri stowed nzvimbo iri 2760 millimeters .. Ground Clearance biaxial chassis - 475 millimeters. Upamhi sitiroko - 2340 mm. The dhayamita nerimwe nemavhiri mana ari 1080 millimeters, upamhi matai - 300 millimeters.

Uchishandisa nevezera ari matai zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa pa 4.8 makirogiramu / cm² ronda matsime ari anenge 150 mm. Howitzer anoyera "Hyacinth-B" anenge 9800 makirogiramu. Kunonyanyisa-siyana moto mukuru-putika anoshongwa ndiyo 28.5 makiromita. At chii kure vanongogona kupfura "Hyacinth"? Howitzer, vachiridzira siyana izvo chaiye ezvinhu rinosvika 25-28 zviuru metres, panyaya kushandiswa zvitundumuseremusere ano vanogona moto kure 41 makiromita.

Izvi zvose zvinoratidza kuti pfuti, iro rakatanga munguva 60-ies wekupedzisira remakore, richiri ichazivikanwa noku chinoshamisa kuita muhondo.

vamwe okunatsiridza

High rwisana simba uye kubudirira kushandiswa (self propelled howitzer "Hyacinth" vakagamuchira "Kuurayiwa" remadunhu-) vakabatsira kuti chokwadi kuti mabhizimisi akawanda muSoviet Union akatanga kupa shanduro nadzurudzo yakadaro chombo chinobatsira yavo. Mumwe nzira vakagamuchira BR yekubvuma. Tsamba "K" rinoratidza kartuzny mhando loader. In musimboti, nzira iyi aitarisirwa: kuvapo ari maumbirwo 152-millimeter projectile endarira ruoko yekudyidzana anowedzera mutengo wayo.

Rakanga akaitawo inoverengeka 155-millimeter "Hyacinth", aida kuti ekisipoti kunyika kuti aishandisa atirari anoshongwa NATO mureza.