Hla achitaipa

Kukurumidza matambudziko akadai nokupfupfudzika uye kushaya mbereko, zvino kuramba kukura. Nokuvhiringidzirwa nokushanda kwenhengo dzokubereka nadzo vechirume nhengo dzokubereka hurongwa dzinotungamirira kuna zvakafanana inoti.

Pakati zvikonzero zviri kupa zvose pakupona uye akava (utachiona, zvirwere zviri kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumuviri, matambudziko immunological). Vakatodzidza pathological zvinhu kazhinji sei pakurapwa, iyo haisi tinozvarwa (majini) kuchinja.

Iye zvino, nokukurumidza kukura unyanzvi ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai fertilization, asi ichi nzira haisi nguva dzose runziro uye kashoma pave achida mugumisiro.

Nhasi, masayendisiti vakagumisa kuti vakawanda Kukundikana ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai muchangosangana chinhu Hla-vachiwirirana. Hla-kusapindirana gadziriro Vakaroorana kunotungamirira gestosis panguva pamuviri, pakupona, kwatangwa pamuviri uye kushaya mbereko vakadzi chaiyo.

Hla-hurongwa chinhu chimwe kupfuura histocompatibility maantigen, izvo basa kuremekedza muviri womunhu uye yayo nyama uye masero dzavatorwa.

In Kana apo dzakaonekwa kutyora antigenic Zvinoumba masero kwevanhu, mashandiro kunouya kuparadzwa kwavo masoja (zvirwere response). Kune dzimwe maantigen neve tsamba antibodies, iyo bvisa "kurwisana" masero.

Vamwe Hla-Coding Gene combine rechitanhatu chromosome

Imwe neimwe majini ane anofambidzana dzakawanda dzakasiyana (alleles).

Hla-achitaipa rinoitwa kuziva histocompatibility hurongwa. Ndicho kuziva alleles (dzakasiyana) uye mugumisiro achitaipa.

maantigen All inogona rakakamurwa makirasi huru mbiri. Wokutanga rine pose maantigen kwamakamuri, wechipiri - maantigen vaivapo sero pamusoro kuti kubatanidzwa immunological siyana (pano vari: B- uye T-lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, masero dendritic).

Hla-achitaipa rinoitwa pasi uchapupu vakadzi. Pakati pavo vane:

- kusvodza,

- kushaya mbereko nezvimwe zvirwere pathological chokuita havachanyatsogoni kubereka.

Kazhinji, mwana anogamuchira zvose rwaamai uye yemadzibaba majini kuziva Zvinoumba pachavo antibodies dzavo.

Pathological kwakafanana unopinza musiyano (musiyano) antibodies, uye avo okuti kufanana. Muchiitiko chokutanga, muviri raamai paanotanga kurwisa mweni mudumbu masero, apo rechipiri - muviri mumwe mukadzi havana hanya pamuviri pachayo.

Hla-achitaipa vabereki dzaidzidziswa mukirasi yechipiri maantigen (masoja anokonzera basa). Kuti aite izvi chirwere bata zvinokosha kuti noruzhowa ropa kubva tsinga murwere. Naizvozvo kuitwa hurumende ichiisa serum leukocytes. Hla-achitaipa kushandisa ropa masero machena kuti pagadzirwe pamusoro polymerase cheni zvakaitwa.

Pakadaro, kana paine zvakafanana pakati phenotypes (pamusoro Hla), vakabata amai majekiseni anodzivirira murume kurapa Kuisa pfungwa pachinhu leukocytes (baba mwana). Uyezve, immunotherapy rinoitwa kushandisa immunoglobulin. unyanzvi zvose izvi kuti tikwanise Activate mashoko rokuzvidzivirira amai kukurudzira kushanda wayo.

Saka, Hla-achitaipa nhasi rinoitwa mu zvinoitirwawo zvinoratidza kutyorwa mu histocompatibility wamai nyama uye mwana. Kushandiswa nzira ichi chirwere akabvumira kwete chete yokuziva mhaka nokupfupfudzika uye kushaya mbereko, asi kukudziridza nekuita zvakawanda yose kuchirapa nzira uye unyanzvi kuti vabudirire dambudziko pathological ezvinhu izvi.