HDD: asi kushanda mutemo uye zvikuru maitiro

Hard Zvifambiso, kana, sezvo vari kunzi, Zvifambiso zvakaoma tiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba munhu yekombiyuta. About wese unozviziva. Asi ichi hachisi ano User kunyange pfungwa kufembera sei yakaoma tikachirega. Musimboti kuvhiyiwa, zvavo, nokuti nzwisiso inokosha nyore, asi pane dzimwe nuances, mamwe dzichakurukurwa.

Mibvunzo kuenda kupatsanura zvakaoma Zvifambiso?

Mubvunzo kuenda Chokwadi, isina mhinduro. Munhu, kunyange kupinda-sandara, pakarepo akapindura kuti zvakaoma ngarurege (aizivikanwawo denderedzwa zvakaoma, aka Hard Drive kana HDD) pakarepo akapindura kuti rinoshandiswa kuchengetera ruzivo.

Kazhinji, wechokwadi. Usakanganwa kuti iri rakaoma nemotokari, kunze uchishandisa maitiro uye User mafaira vakasikwa ne uchishandisa hurongwa vene sectors, nemhaka iyo iye richatanga uyewo mamwe mavanga izvo dhisiki anogona kukurumidza kuwana achida mashoko.

Current mhando vano- siyana: munhuwo ari HDD, zvokunze dzakaoma Zvifambiso, mukuru-nokukurumidza hwakasimba-mamiriro SSD Zvifambiso, kunyange zvazvo iri anonzi zvakaoma Zvifambiso uye hazvitombobvumidzwi. Zvinonzi zvakare ndaizvipira funga kweguyo HDD mashandiro musimboti, kana kwete zvakazara ipapo zvinenge ichi, kuti zvakanga zvakakwana kuti kunzwisisa chikuru mazwi uye muitiro.

Tapota ona kuti pane chinokosha kupatsanura nhasi HDD vamwe zvinokosha zvinodiwa, pakati inova zvinotevera:

• nzira kuchengeta ruzivo;
• zvenhau mhando;
• nzira kuronga kuwana ruzivo.

Nei zvakaoma ngarurege anonzi zvakaoma tikachirega?

Nhasi, vanhu vakawanda vari kufunga sei Zvifambiso dzakaoma dzinonzi zvakaoma disks kuva vashoma maoko. Zvaizoratidza sokuti pangava kufanana pakati Namano maviri?

Izwi akazviratidza kare 1973, apo musika akaonekwa zvokutanga HDD nyika, pakuvaka rwaiumbwa vaviri vakaparadzana makamuri ane airtight mugaba. Inogona mupanda nerimwe rakanga 30 MB, ndokusaka mainjiniya ndapa bumbiro remitemo zita nokuda Disc "30-30", waiva zvizere nomuimbirwo pamwe zvizivikanwe nevakawanda panguva pfuti "Winchester, 30-30". Zvisinei, mukuvamba '90s mu America uye Europe ndiro zita anenge vabuda kushandiswa, asi kachiri mune nzvimbo post-Soviet.

The mudziyo uye HDD oparesheni musimboti

Asi isu digress. HDD mashandiro nhungamiro inogona seizvi nedanho kuverenga kana kunyora. Asi izvi zvinoitika sei? Kuti tinzwisise kushanda rimwe rinobva zvakaoma dhisiki, unofanira kutanga kudzidza zvinoshanda.

The nemotokari zvakaoma pacharo chine ndiro, uwandu izvo dzinosiyana mana mapfumbamwe interconnected by mugodhi (ekisero), inonzi chokurukisa. Mahwendefa vanoiswa mumwe kupfuura vamwe. Kazhinji, mashoko pamusoro gadzira avo aruminiyamu, nendarira, Ceramics, girazi uye zvakafanana. D. Vakazvipa nendiro dzine inokosha rinobva unhani ane zvinhu rinonzi mundiro, inobva wegamma ferrite oxide, chromium oxide, barium ferrite uye t. D . mumwe ndiro ukobvu anenge 2 mm.

Pakunyora uye kuverenga mashoko enderana musoro TOUR (rimwe nerimwe ndiro) uye mahwendefa zvinoshandiswa vose hukawanika. Panguva chokurukisa kutenderera, kumhanya izvo zvinogona kubva 3600 kusvika 7200 rev. / Min, uye kutamira misoro anoenderana Motors maviri yemagetsi.

Panyaya iyi, iyo inokosha zvakaoma dhisiki kombiyuta iri kuti ruzivo chakanyorwa hakusi kwese, asi zvakasimba yakanatsa nzvimbo, akadana sectors, izvo riri concentric pamakwara kana makwara. Kuti tidzivise kuvhiringidzika, shandisa rekuchikoro mitemo. Pane maonero kuti nenhungamiro dzakaoma Zvifambiso panyaya dzavo inonzwisisika maumbirwo, nokudenga. Somuenzaniso, kukura rimwe kwemauto, nokuti rakabatana mureza wokurera pose, ndiyo 512 bytes. sectors vari rakakamurwa masumbu, izvo sequences vanoverengeka sectors vari akavapindurawo. Uye kunyanya rakaoma dhisiki yacho uchishandisa musimboti iyi ndechokuti kupanana ruzivo uye achangobva aporeswe masumbu (integer sectors ngetani).

Asi sei verenga mashoko? kutyaira mabasa: chakaoma dhisiki sezvinotevera: Kushandisa chinokosha chikomboredzo kuverenga musoro ari TOUR (helical) mirayiridzo inofamba kuna kutsvakwa njanji uye panguva chijana riri papi pamusoro kwemauto wakapiwa, vakuru vose vanogona kuzununguswa panguva imwe chete nokuverenga mashoko chete kwete chete kubva pamakwara siyana asi zvakasiyana discs (zvitete). Makwara ose pamwe chete ordinal nhamba vanonzi sepombi.

Zvinokwanisika kusarudza imwe uchishandisa pfungwa imwe zvakaoma dhisiki: kuverenga musoro pedyo rinobva pamusoro (asi asingaiti kuubata), kuti wakakwidzwa kurekodha arambe achirema.

Ko kunyora uye kuverenga mashoko?

Hard Zvifambiso, kana dzakaoma Zvifambiso, uye naizvozvo makadanirwa rinobva kuti vanoshandisa mitemo remagineti wefizikisi, akagadzira pedyo Faraday uye Maxwell.

Sezvambotaurwa, mahwendefa nemagnitochuvstvitelnogo rinobva unhani zvinhu rinoshandisirwa munhu pakukora micrometers shoma. In oparesheni, rimwe remagineti ane anonzi soumambo mamiriro.

A rinobva inotongwa chinhu zvachose rakatenderedzwa magnetized nharaunda miganhu ferroalloy. Uyezve HDD mashandiro nhungamiro inogona muchidimbu sezvinotevera: mune chiitiko ane zvokunze remagineti, akakodzera ngarurege munda anotanga titungamirirwe chaiyo achitevedza rinobva mitsetse uye panguva kugumiswa matambudziko pamusoro discs kuoneka remanence mapazi umo zvakachengetwa mashoko kare huri huru munda .

Nokuti zvisikwa ane zvokunze Munda basa pakunyora kuverenga musoro, uye kuverenga remanence vematunhu, ari chakatarisana musoro pave ane electromotive simba kana EMF. Zvadaro zvinhu zvose nyore: change EMF anoenderana rimwe binary, uye ayo kusavapo kana kumbomira - razero. Time anoshandura EMF akadana ikakuruma sero.

Uyezve, simba rinonzi magnetic penyika evasingatombonamati Informatics nezvavanofunga inogona aishamwaridzana, somunhu mhando pfungwa kutevedzana date matomu. Zvisinei, sezvo nzvimbo pfungwa idzi zvachose hazviiti zvakarurama kuverenga, pamusoro nemotokari iwe uchida kuisa pamusoro pre-akarongwa chitaridzi zvimwe mhando chakabatsira havatsananguri achida nzvimbo. Pakusikwa Labels dzakadaro inonzi formatting (nehasha kutsemura dhisiki kupinda pamakwara uye sectors, clustered).

The inonzwisisika marongerwo uye uchishandisa nheyo zvakaoma ngarurege tichitarisa formatting

Panyaya musoro HDD masangano pano pakutanga pane formatting, umo mune mhando mbiri huru: yakaderera pamwero (mumuviri) uye yakakwirira yakati sandara (pfungwa). Pasina matanho aya, kuunza pamusoro chero zvakaoma ngarurege kuti kushanda hurumende haigoni kutaura. Kuti mashoko sei kuti initialize mutsva nemotokari zvakaoma, izvozvo ichakurukurwa yoga.

Low-pamwero formatting kunoda chaiko zvainoita pemvura HDD, umo sectors dziri pamwe Makwara. Zvinofadza kuti nheyo zvakaoma ngarurege zvokuti kwemauto nomumwe akasika yayo rakasiyana kero, izvo zvinosanganisira chaizvo nemauto nhamba, chamber nhamba, panguva iyo riri, uye ndiro nhamba. Saka, sangano iri mbune ndiye ndangariro anotaura zvakananga kubva kero wakapiwa, pane kutsvaka zvakarurama mashoko mhiri pamusoro, nokuda izvo nokumhanya kunokwanisika (kunyange hakusi chinonyanya kukosha). Ona kuti kana pasi-pamwero formatting zvinodzimwa chose ruzivo zvose uye kuidzosa kakawanda hazvigoneki.

Chimwe chinhu - inonzwisisika Manyorerwo (mu Windows anotsanangura hurongwa ndiyo anokurumidza zvinowanika kana Quick Manyorerwo). Uyezve, azvaiitwa kushandiswawo pakusika akanyatsorongwa partitions yokumiririra imwe nzvimbo inokosha dhisiki zvakaoma kuti unoshanda chete mazano.

Kukurukurwa formatting kunonyanya rinokanganisa hurongwa nharaunda, chine munhu shangu kwemauto uye tafura partition (MBR Boot chinyorwa), faira yavaive tafura (mafuta, NTFS, uye zvichingodaro. D.) Uye mudzi Directory (Root Directory).

Pokunyora mashoko ari sectors pakati sumbu yakaitwa kuburikidza dzinoverengeka migove, sezvamakaropafadzwa mune rimwe sumbu zvarisingagoni mbiri dzakafanana zvinhu (mafaira). Chaizvoizvo, kusikwa inonzwisisika partition, sezvo anoparadzanisa kubva huru ino partition, saka kuti mashoko inochengetwa pamusoro payo, kana paiva zvikanganiso nokukundikana kuchinja kana kubviswa haisi kukanganiswa.

Main zvatariswa HDD

Ndinofunga, vakawanda HDD kushanda nhungamiro zvishoma kunzwisisa. zvino tava kutendeukira kune huru features, iyo anopa mufananidzo wakakwana ose mikana (kana nekuipira) ano zvakaoma Zvifambiso.

Nheyo zvakaoma dhisiki uye chikuru maitiro ingava yakasiyana. Kuti tinzwisise zviri mungozi, isu kusarudza inokosha parameters kuti zvaizobatsira zvose zvizivikanwe kufambidzana ruzivo zvitoro:

• Kukwanisa (vhoriyamu);
• waivako (date mukana nokukurumidza kuverenga uye kunyora mashoko);
• inowanikwa (kubatanidza nzira, controller mhando).

Vachikwanisa ndiyo yaipedzerwa mashoko anogona kunyorwa uye zvakachengetwa pamusoro zvakaoma tikachirega. pakati HDD kugadzira indasitiri iri kukura nokukurumidza zvokuti nhasi wakapinda kushandiswa dzakaoma disks pamwe zvemaBhaibheri sezvakarayirwa 2 TB kana kupfuura. Uye, sezvazvakanyorwa kutenda uku hakusi muganhu.

Inowanikwa - rinonyatsooneka noruzhinji. It anosarudza iyo nzira mudziyo zvakabatana kuti motherboard, iro controller inoshandiswa sezvo kuverenga uye kunyora rinoitwa, uye zvichingodaro. D. The makuru uye Inonyanya interfaces vaiona Ide, SATA uye SCSI.

Disks vane Ide-inowanikwa zvakasiyana pasi, zvisinei mutengo, pakati zvikuru payakaipira vanogona kusiyanisa shoma panguva chokuita mano (kunonyanyisa mana) uye pasi mashoko mwero (uye kunyange achitsigirwa zvakananga ndangariro mukana Ultra DMA kana protocols Ultra Ata (Mode 2 uye Mode 4). Kunyange zvazvo riri vakatenda dzavo kushandiswa anogona kuwedzera padanho iverengwe / nyora kumhanya 16 Mb / s, asi nokukurumidza dererei zvikuru kupfuura chokwadi. mukuwedzera, kuna Panapakkam muoti kunoda kugadzwa vatyairi chaidzo, iro mu pfungwa, tinofanira kusvitsa pamwechete motherboard.

Kutaura chii nheyo hard drive features, haugoni kufuratira SATA inowanikwa, inova mutsivi shanduro Ide Ata. Kunakisa zvigadzirwa izvi kuti iverengwe / nyora nokukurumidza kunogona ngazviwedzerwe 100 Mb / s nokushandisa mukuru-nokukurumidza bhazi Fireware IEEE-1394.

Pakupedzisira, SCSI inowanikwa tichienzanisa yapfuura maviri ndiyo kuchinja uye soro-nokukurumidza (verenga / nyora rikurumidze kuna 160MB / s uye pamusoro). Asi pane Zvifambiso dzakaoma hwakadaro anenge kaviri sezvo zvinodhura. Asi uwandu panguva chokuita okuchengetera mano kubvira manomwe namashanu, kubatana kunogona kuitwa pasina de-kusimbisa kombiyuta, uye waya pakureba anogona kuva murayiro 15-30 mamita. Chaizvoizvo, kwakadai HDD vakawanda hairevi User hrs uye servers.

Performance zvinoratidza Kupfuudzwa nokukurumidza uye throughput pamusoro I / O vanokwanisa, kazhinji akaratidza nguva Kupfuudzwa uye huwandu nemashoko zvitange muna series, uye runoratidzwa MB / s.

Mamwe mikana

Kutaura chii kwakaoma dhisiki vanoshanda musimboti uye chii parameters sei mashandiro ayo, haigoni kudziviswa, uye mamwe features, izvo zvingaita kuita kana upenyu mudziyo.

Pano, pakutanga ndiye kumhanya kutenderera, izvo zvakananga inobata kutsvaka uye initialization nguva (kuzivikanwa) pakati achida zvekutepfenyura. Izvi zvinonzi Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa kutsvaka nguva - penguva umo kudiwa nemauto anotendeukira iverengwe musoro. Today kushandisa mitemo akawanda nokuda chokurukisa akurumidze, chinoratidzwa nokumukirana paminiti nguva kunonoka milliseconds:

• 3600 - 8,33;
• 4500 - 6,67;
• 5400 - 5,56;
• 7200 - 4.17.

Zvinonzi nyore kuona kuti dzakanga nokukurumidza, shoma nguva yakawandisa search zvekutepfenyura, uye zvinoonekwa ndege - ne chimurenga of dhisiki kusvika chokugadza musoro pfungwa achida Positioning ndiro.

Chimwe parameter - dzomunyika kutapurirana unodiwa. On dzokunze Makwara riri shoma asi kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma yezwi yomukati njanji. Saka, zvakafanana defragmentation rikurumidze vaimiririra kufamba anowanzoshandiswa mashoko ari uchitsanya nzvimbo Disc - kwete kungova kuchinjwa yomukati njanji chete zvikuru nokukurumidza kuverenga. External nokukurumidza ane yakamisirwa ukoshi uye zvinoenderana inowanikwa kushandiswa.

Pakupedzisira, mumwe dzinokosha chokuita pamberi zvakaoma ngarurege pachake cache kana buffer. Kutaura zvazviri, zvakaoma ngarurege chinoshanda tichitarisa nheyo buffer kushandiswa zvakafanana kune operative kana rakapotsa ndangariro. The makuru cache saizi (128-256 KB), kuti nokukurumidza yakaoma tikachirega.

Huru zvinodiwa kuti HDD

Basic zvinodiwa, izvo kazhinji kacho dzinoturwa Zvifambiso zvakaoma, kwete zvokuti. The chikuru chinhu - upenyu hurefu uye rakavimbika.

The chikuru kutevedzerwa vakawanda HDD ichaongororwa upenyu hurongwa makore 5-7 pamwe uchishandisa nguva kwete asingasviki mazana mashanu zviuru maawa, asi kuti mukuru-magumo Zvifambiso, chiverengero haasi maawa asingasviki miriyoni imwe.

Kana kuvimbika, ndiye basa iri Smart kuzviremekedza bvunzo, izvo monitors mamiriro munhu zvinhu zvakaoma ngarurege, kuita chichiitwa zvichiongororwa. On hwaro dzakaunganidza mashoko inogona vanowanika kunyange for pangava chimiro zvinokanganiswa ramangwana.

It anoenda pasina achiti anoishandisa haafaniri kumira parutivi. Somuenzaniso, apo uchishandisa HDD zvikuru kuchengeta Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri tembiricha siyana (0 - 50 ± 10 Celsius) kudzivisa ukapisa murwi, izvi uye anowira zvakaoma nemotokari, kutsikwa guruva kana zvimwe zvacho diki, etc. Sezvineiwo, vazhinji vachava .. vanofarira kuziva kuti ndiye utsi inoramba iri pamusoro yakakura kaviri kupfuura chinhambwe pakati iverengwe musoro uye rinobva pemvura zvakaoma ngarurege, uye bvudzi kwevanhu - 5-10 nguva.

Mibvunzo initialize wegadziriro nokutsiva yakaoma ngarurege

Zvino mashoko mashomanana pamusoro kuva chii chiito inofanira kutorwa, kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero inodzidzisa kushandura zvakaoma ngarurege kana gadza dpolnitelny.

tsanangura zvizere muitiro haangatongovi, uye ichanyanya chete huru pachikuva. Chokutanga iwe unofanira kubatanidza hard drive kutarira mukati Bios zviruva, kana Hardware itsva dzakaonekwa, muna Administration chikamu dhisiki kuti initialize uye kusika shangu zvinyorwa, kuumba vhoriyamu nyore, achiita chinhu ID (tsamba) uye kuti Format aine sarudzo faira hurongwa. Chete pashure kuti idzva "sikuruu" anonyatsokwanisa kugadzirira kushanda.

mhedziso

Ndizvo zvose kuti anouya zvishoma zvinokosha kushanda uye chokupika ano zvakaoma Zvifambiso. Nheyo nokushanda kwokunze zvakaoma ngarurege haina inokoshesa nokuti kushanda haasi kwakasiyana kushandiswa mira HDD. Musiyano chete ndiyo chete nzira unobatanidza mamwe okuchengetera kuti PC yako kana tablet. Rakajairika iri kubatana Via USB-inowanikwa kuti zvine chokuita kuti motherboard. Panguva iyoyowo, kana uchida nechokwadi kunonyanyisa chaitwa, zviri nani kushandisa mureza USB 3.0 (chengarava mukati mavara zvitema), Chokwadi, chero kuti HDD kwokunze pacharo inotsigira izvozvo.

Mamwe, ndinofunga vanhu vakawanda kunyange zvishoma, zvakava pachena kuti zvakaoma dhisiki chero mhando. Zvichida kupfuura akapiwa hwokugadzira mashoko zvakawanda, zvikuru kunyange kubva chikoro wefizikisi Chokwadi, asi pasina kuti kunzwisisa zvinhu zvese zvinotaurwa uye nzira vakaisa pasi ari HDD kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa michina rwausingazonzwisisi.