Gidon Kremer: Biography nekusika

Pakati pevanyori vakawanda vanopihwa nyika tsika neSoviet music school, Kremer inzvimbo inokosha. Tarenda, yakawanda nekuita basa guru, pamwe nechinzvimbo chakasiyana-siyana - huse huno humuita mukurumbira mukuru pasi rese. Chinhu chikuru chakasiyana naGidon Kremer kubvira pakutanga kwebasa rake rekuita - chido chekuzadza zvinoreva, kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvekunamata.

Izvi zvinoratidzirwa mukusarudzwa kwekushanda kwemabasa nevanyori vari kutsvaga maitiro matsva - asina kujairika uye ekare. Panguva imwecheteyo, mukushanda kwechikwata che violin, ndiye chimiro chepamusoro pezwi.

Fiddler muchizvarwa chechina

Kwenguva yokutanga akatora chimbo mumaoko ake paakanga ava nemakore mana nehafu. Gidon Kremer anowanzotaura kuti nguva yake yakasarudzwa asati aberekwa. Mumhuri, vose vaiva violinist, uye kukwanisa mimhanzi kwakaparidzirwa pamagetsi. Apo muna February 1947 muRiga mumhuri yaMarianna Karlovna naMarcus Filippovich Kremerov mwanakomana akaonekwa, kusarudzwa kwake kwebasa remuimbi kwakaita sechisikigo.

Vabereki veMaternal - Karl Brückner - vaizivikanwa muEurope sev violinist uye mumhanzi, uye muRiga semuprofesa pa Conservatory. Akaberekerwawo mumhuri yevaimbi, muGermany, uye nekuuya kwesimba revaNazi vakamanikidzwa kutamira kuEstonia, ndokuzoenda kuLatvia. Zvichida mune remangwana rekutapwa kwababa nababa, avo vane mhuri inopfuura vanhu makumi matatu-vakaurayiwa neHolocaust, munhu anogona kuona mhedziso yekutongwa kwezvematongerwo enyika aGidon, uyo aigara achipikisa kurwisana kwehurumende kune mumwe munhu, kurwisana nemhirizhonga yenyika chero ipi zvayo.

School of Excellence

Mudzidzisi wake wokutanga Gidon Kremer aigara achifunga nezvababa vake. Kubva kwaari, akatora pfungwa yekuti kubudirira kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushanda zvakaoma. Maererano naMarkus Filippovich, nzira yekutamba violin inofanira kunge yakave nemakore gumi nematanhatu, zvisinei kuti ichange ichinonoka. Nokudaro, zuva rega rega maawa mazhinji ekurovedza ave akajairika kumuimbi anozivikanwa kubvira achiri muduku. Akatanga dzidzo yake yemimhanzi nekudzidzisa paRiga Musical School. Emil Darzin.

Muna 1965, akatamira kune guta guru reU.SR ndokupinda muMoscow Conservatory, kwaakazove mudzidzi wezvinyorwa zvinodhura David Oistrakh. Kubvira pakutanga kwekudzidziswa, mudzidzi wechidiki anosarudza basa rakanyanyisa rakaoma rekushanda, uye nenguva iyo conservatory yapera, akawana kubwinya kwechokwadi chaiyo, ane ruzivo rwemhando yakakosha nekudzika kwekunzwisisa zvose zvechigadzirwa zvechigadzirwa uye zvitsva zvezvinyorwa zvegurini.

Kutanga kuzivikanwa

Mugore rekuguma kwekirasi yeOistrakh guru, muna 1969, Gidon Kremer anopindira mumakwikwi evapolinist muGenoa. Purogiramu yemakwikwi inosanganisira, pamwewo, kuurawa kwe Caprices yePaganini, iro zita rayo rinopfekedzwa nemutambo uyu unozivikanwa. Mukomana muduku weSoviet violinist akakunda mubayiro wokutanga. Mugore rimwechete, akazova mukundi wechikomborero chechipiri mumakwikwi emasikirwo emasitadhi akaitwa muMontreal, achikwidza Vladimir Spivakov munzvimbo yekutanga .

Nzvimbo inonyanya kukosha mukusimudzirwa kwebasa remuimbi ndiyo Mutambo weTchaikovsky kuMoscow. Muna 1970, Gidon Kremer akakunda mubairo wekutanga pakati pevar violinist. Mifananidzo yemusikana wechidiki yakabudiswa nezvose zvinotungamira mumhanzi emhando dzepasi. Kukunda kwakanakisisa mairi kwakaita kuti zita remukirayi wechidiki rizivikanwe zvechokwadi. Naye akatanga nhepfenyuro yakanyanyisa yeKremer pane zvikamu zvepakati pepasi pose.

Emigrant

Haana kumbozviona seanotaura asingatauri, uye muhurukuro dzake kunezve kunzwa kusava nehanya netsika yenyika iyo yakagumburwa kumavambo kwema1990 uye iyo yakazova heiress yeSoviet Union. Asi haana kumboshuva kukwanisa kupinda muhupenyu hweSoviet, hwakange hwakarongedzwa nemirairo yevakuru vakuru nemasangano ehupenyu. Pakati pemimhanzi yaakasarudza kuita, yakawanda yakanga isina kukurudzirwa nehutungamiri, vazhinji vanoshanda nevaya vaive vevanyadzisi veSoviet uye vaitevedzeri veMadokero vanyori.

Akanga ari shamwari naAlfred Schnittke, ndiye aiva wokutanga mumhanzi. Akaridza Sophia Gubaidullin, Edison Denisov, Guy Kancheli - vanyori, avo basa ravo rakanga risina kukodzera mumafomu uye rakagadzikana mumamiriro ekugadzirwa kwakanaka kwezvakanaka. Fiddler, uyo aive ane ruzivo rwemakwikwi akawanda emarudzi ose, haana kupiwa chero mazita ekuremekedza kumba.

Muna 1980, pakati pevaya vakasiya USSR uye zita ravo rakarambidzwa munyika, raiva Gidon Kremer. Iyo biography ye violinist yakambobatanidzwa neGermany. Iko kambani yekutanga munyika yekwavo mushure mokunge kupera kwakaitika mushure memakore gumi.

Zvinhu zvinokosha

Inoreva vaimbi vanofunga nezvekuvaraidza nekuzorodza basa risina basa rehupi hwavo. Kufunga kuti vanhu havagoni kuona mimhanzi, zvakasiyana nedzimwe samples dzisina kuonekwa uye dzenguva, dzinofunga kuti dzinomunyangadza. Nemhaka yeizvi, Kremer anowanzopikisana nekambani yemakambani uye vatori vechekoni vasingatsvaki kutarisa kwevanhu, vachimupa mabasa asina kujairika uye anoedza, mimhanzi inoda kumwe kuedza kwepfungwa nemweya.

The violin classic inoramba iri kwaari nyaya huru yemabasa emakonti. Vatendi vemimhanzi vanokoshesa kuverenga kwake kwakasiyana kwemabasa, kunotaridzika sevanhu vakakurumbira Panguva imwecheteyo Gidon Kremer pamusoro peSchnittke, neGuidididina, pamusoro peAstor Piazzolla, Philippe Glasse, anotaura nezvemitambo yemimhanzi isingakoshi kupfuura Bach, Beethoven kana Tchaikovsky. Kuudza vateereri nzira iyo kwavari kwavari ibasa rinofanirwa nemunhu chero upi zvake anonyanya kuita.

Guadalini, Stradivari, Guarneri, Amati

Nhoroondo yakakurumbira Kremer akambotaura kuti haanzwi kuti anovimba neshoko racho, kuti ane ruzivo rwekutamba zve violin yebasa remazuva ano. Zvisinei, anosimbisa ukama hunokosha pakati pomimbi uye chiridzwa chake, icho dzimwe nguva chinoshamisa mumasikirwo. Kubatana kweukama uhwu kunotibvumira kuti tive nemashiripiti chaiwo, anodaro Kremer. Gidon Markusovich anotaura kuti akanga ane nhanho yekutamba pane sampuli dzakakonzerwa nemaitiro echokwadi.

Iyo violin, yakaitwa naGiovanni Battista Guadalini, yakagara nhaka kubva kuna sekuru vake - Karl Brückner. Akamubatsira kuti akunde mutsara weTchaikovsky. Muhupenyu hwake kwaiva ne violin yaSladivari naGuarneri, iyo yaakapfuurira kune vaimbi vechechi yakakurumbira yeKremerata Baltica chamber yakagadzirwa naye. Nhasi ari kutamba pane imwe nhumbi yekare, yakasikwa muna 1641, nebasa raNicolo Amati.

In motion

Iye ari mundege nguva dzose. Nhamba dzakawanda dzemakambani, maitiro nevamhanzi vechidiki vaBaltic, vakaungana muKremerata Baltika, vanowirirana nekubudirira nguva dzose. Akagadzira uye akaronga kambani yemakambani mumugariro wekuAustria Lokenhaus, iyo yakambovapo kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu. Kremer akabudisa mabhuku akasiyana-siyana ezvinyorwa zvehupenyu hwevanhu, anonyatsopindura kune zviitiko zvinokosha, kusanganisira izvo zvakaitika muRussia.

"Kusvikira nhasi, ndiri kudzidza ... kurarama!" - saGidon Kremer akanyora mune rimwe remashoko. Upenyu hwemunhu wemuimbi hunoita sehunoenderana. Vanasikana - Anastasia uye vanozivikanwa muRussia mutambikadzi uye muterevhiti weTV Lika Kremer, - anobvuma, ramba uchifadza baba vake kusvika ikozvino. Mune zvirongwa zvemuimbi - kutamira kunzvimbo yakagadzikana yekugara munharaunda yezvakaitika kare, pasina kuderedza kukurumidza kwebasa rokugadzira basa.