Frequency converter yemotokari: dunhu

Kubva munyaya ino uchadzidza kuti chii chinoshandiswa nehuwandu hwemotokari yemagetsi, funga chirongwa chayo, mutemo wekushanda, uye zvakare kudzidza nezvekugadzirisa kwemaitiro emagetsi. Kunyanya kusimbiswa kuchaiswa pakugadzira mutengesi wenguva yakawanda nemaoko edu. Zvechokwadi, nokuda kweizvi iwe unofanirwa kuva nechinangwa chirevo chemufambisi wemhando. Zvinotanga kutanga nechinangwa chekuti vatengesi vanowanzoshandiswa.

Apo pane chido chekuti IF

Mazuva ano frequency converters ndeyezvinhu zvepamusoro-soro zvinoshandiswa nezvikamu zvakatangwa semiconductors. Mukuwedzera, pane magetsi ekugadzirisa maitiro akavakirwa pa microcontroller. Nekubatsira kwayo, mitemo yose yakakosha yemotokari yemagetsi inodzorwa. Kunyanya, kuburikidza nekushandura kwemajaira, kasi yekutenderera yemotokari yemagetsi inogona kuva yakasiyana . Pane chikonzero chekuwana mutengesi wenguva dzose kune motokari yemagetsi. Mutengo wegadziriro yakadaro yemotokari ine simba re 0.75 kW ichava ma 5-7 000 rubles.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti iwe unogona kuchinja kukurumidza kwekushandura uchishandura gadziriro yakavakirwa pamusana wechinoshandiswa, kana kuti gasi. Asi zvivakwa zvakadaro zvakakura kwazvo, hazvigoni kushandiswa nguva dzose. Mukuwedzera, nzira dzakadaro dzinofanira kushandiswa panguva yakakodzera, uye kuvimbika kwavo kunonyanya kuderera. Kushandiswa kwekuchinja kwemajaira kunoderedza mari yekushandira motokari yemagetsi, uye inowedzerawo zvigone.

Zvikamu zvepamusoro zvehuwandu hwekutengesa

Chero ipi zvayo inoshandura vatengesi inosanganisira mazana mana makuru:

1. Rectifier block.
2. Devices of filtration of a constant pressure.
3. Inverter node.
4. Microprocessor control system.

Zvose izvi zvinopindirana, uye sangano rinodzora rinodzora kushanda kwebato rekubuda - inverter. Iro nekubatsira kwayo kuti zvinobudiswa zviito zvekushandura ikozvino kuchinjwa.

Nezvayo icharondedzerwa zvakadarika pasi, chirongwa chinopiwa. Kuchinja kwemajaira kwemotokari yemagetsi kune zvimwe zvimwe zvinhu. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti chigadzirwa chinosanganisira diki diki yekudzivirirwa, iyo inotungamirirwawo ne microcontroller device. Kunyanya, kutonhora kwemasimba emasimba semiconductor kunoongororwa. Mukuwedzera, kune dhikira pfupi uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro kwepamusoro. Inotenderera yakawanda inofanira kunge yakabatanidzwa nemaoko kuburikidza nemichina yekudzivirira. Chido chekuita magnetic starter chinobviswa.

Rectifier of frequency converter

Iyi ndiyo modyo yekutanga iyo ikozvino inoyerera. Nekubatsira kwayo, kugadziriswa kwekushandura ikozvino kunoitwa - kutendeuka kuva nguva dzose. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakadai saiyo semiconductor diodes. Asi zvino zvakakodzera kutaura nezvechikamu chediki. Iwe unoziva kuti akawanda emotokari asynchronous inoshandiswa ne-tatu-phase alternating current network. Asi kwete kwose kwose kwakadaro. Zvechokwadi, iri mumabhizimisi makuru, asi haisati yashandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, sezvo zviri nyore kuita rimwe chete-chechi basa. Uye pamusoro pemagetsi, zvinhu zviri nyore.

Uye kazhinji vatendeuki vanogona kudyidzwa kubva kumatanho matatu emakwikwi kana kubva kune imwechete-phase network. Chii chakasiyana? Uye iyo haina kukosha, marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa zvinhu anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa. Kana isu tichitaura nezvechikamu chechikamu chechigadziri chechigadziri chemotokari yemagetsi, zvino zvakakosha kushandisa dunhu pamadhipa mana semiconductor akashandurwa mubhiriji rwemarudzi. Asi kana paine chido chemasimba kubva mumatanho matatu, unofanirwa kusarudza dunhu rakasiyana rine diy semiconductor diodes. Zvinhu zviviri muhuni imwe neimwe, semugumisiro, uchagamuchira AC kugadzirisa. Izvo zvabuda zvichava "pamwe" uye "kuderedza".

DC Kuchengetedza

Pakubuda kwemugadziri, iwe unogara uine simba, asi ine zvikurusa zvakakura, izvo zvinowanikwa zvinowanzosvetuka. Kuti ubvise zvose izvi "kusina kufanana" kwemhepo, unoda kushandisa zvimwe zvinhu zviviri - inductor uye electrolytic capacitor. Asi zvose zvinofanira kuudzwa zvakanyatsorondedzerwa.

Iyo inductor ine nhamba yakawanda yekutendeuka, ine zvimwe zvingaita, izvo zvinobvumira zvishomanana kutarisa kubhururuka kwezvino kuerera kuburikidza nayo. Chinhu chechipiri chinhu chinogadziriswa pakati pemiti miviri. Iine zvinhu zvinofadza chaizvo. Apo nguva yakananga inoyerera ichiyerera, maererano nemitemo yaKirchhoff, inofanira kuchinjwa nechitsiko, kureva kuti, hapana chinhu pakati pekuwedzera uye kuderera. Asi apo shanduko inotenderera inoyerera nemutungamiri, chidimbu chetambo pasina kukwanisa. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, ikozvino kwakananga kunoyerera, asi kune chikamu chiduku chezvinoenderana nhasi. Uye iye akavharwa, semugumisiro waanoti anonyangarika.

Inverter module

Iyo inverter node, inonyatsojeka, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pane zvose zvakagadzirwa. Nekubatsira kwayo, zvinobuda zvigadziridzo zvino zvachinjwa. Kunyanya, nguva dzaro, magetsi, nezvimwewo. Pane inverter yematanhatu anotenderedzwa transistors. Kune chikamu chimwe nechimwe pane zvinhu zviviri semiconductor. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mune inverter inopisa magungano ezuva ano eGBT-transistors anoshandiswa. Kunyange zvazvo iyo yakagadziriswa, kunyange zvazvo mutambo wekutengesa Delta, iyo yakawanda yebhajari uye yawanikwa nhasi, inosanganisira node imwe chete. Mikana iyi yakasiyana chete.

Vane matanho matatu, sezvakawanda zvinobuda, uye nhanhatu nhatu dzekubatanidza ku-control device. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana kuzvigadzira nguva yakawanda inverter zvakakosha kusarudza kereke ye simba. Nokudaro, iwe unofanira kubva uchitarisa kuti ndeipi rudzi rwemotokari inenge yakabatanidzwa kuwandu hwekuchinja.

Microprocessor control system

Kana pazvigadzirwa, hazviiti kuti uwane mimwe mitengo yakafanana neyeyi inowanikwa mune zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimusi. Chikonzero cheizvi hachisi muchokwadi chokuti yakagadzirwa magungano emasimba ekuchinja-shanduka haana kukwana. Ichokwadi ndechekuti zvakaoma chaizvo kuita gadziriro yekudzidzira kumba. Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvirevi nezvekugadzirisa zvinhu, asi pamusoro pechirongwa chekushandisa microcontroller. Chinhu chisina kujeka ndechekugadzira chikwata chekugadzirisa, kuburikidza nezvinobvira kuita shanduko yekugadzirisa, kuchinja, kuchengetedzwa kwezvino uye kupisa.

Kuti uchinje kufambisa kwekushanduka, unofanirwa kushandura kushandura kushanduka, iyo inowanirwa nechokufambisa gomba re microcontroller. Uyu ndiye tenzi anoratidza chip. Iyo yekupedzisira inotsanangurira huwandu hwekushandura kwemhepo inofananidzwa nehuwandu hwekutaura, iyo 5 V. Inotonga inoshanda inofanana nedzimwe sargorithm, iyo yakanyorwa musati purogiramu inotanga. Kunyanya, microprocessor system inoshanda. Inonyanya kufarirwa ndeye Siemens control modules. Iko kuchinja kwemajaira kwemugadziri uyu kunogadzikana zvakanyanya, inogona kushandiswa chero ipi zvayo yemotokari yemagetsi.

Nzira yekugadzirisa huwandu hwekutengesa

Kusvika iye zvino, pane vazhinji vanogadzirisa zvechigadzirwa ichi. Asi kugadziriswa kwegoridheti yevose kunenge kwakangofanana. Zvechokwadi, hazvibviri kugadzirisa mutengesi wenguva dzose pasina ruzivo rumwe. Iwe unofanirwa kuva nezvinhu zviviri - ruzivo mune zvigadziridzo uye gwaro rekushanda. Muchikamu chechipiri, kune chirevo chinotsanangura mabasa ese anogona kurongwa. Kazhinji pane nyaya yekutengesa kakawanda kune zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Zvimwe zvikamu zvina zvinofanira kuvapo. Zvimwe zviviri zvakagadzirirwa kushanduka pakati pebasa, pamwe nekubatsirwa kwevamwe, zvigadziriswa zvinosarudzwa kana data inopindirwa yakabviswa. Kuti upinde purogiramu yemagetsi, unofanira kufambisa rimwe bhatani.

Pamusana wega yega yekutengesa nguva yakawanda yakagadziriswa yake yekupinda mu programming mode. Nokudaro, hazvibviri kuita pasina bhuku. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mabasa akaparadzaniswa muzvikamu zvishomanana. Uye hazvizove zvakaoma kurasika mukati mavo. Edza kusashandura maitiro aya ayo muiti asingakurudziri kuti ataure. Izvi zvinongororwa zvinoda kuchinjwa chete mumatambudziko akasiyana. Apo purogiramu basa rakasarudzwa, iwe uchaona iyo alphanumeric zita rekuratidzwa. Sezvaunowana ruzivo, kugadzirisa kuchinja kwemajaira kuchaita sechinhu chakanyanya nyore kwauri.

Mhedziso

Paunenge uchishanda, kushanda kana kugadzira mutengesi wenguva dzose, zvose zvinodzivirira zvinofanira kuteverwa. Yeuka kuti pakagadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kune electrolytic capacitors, iyo inoramba ichichengetedza kunyange mushure mekusunungura kubva kuA AC mains. Saka, tisati tazvitsaura, zvinokosha kumirira kubudiswa. Cherechedza chokwadi chokuti mumagadziro evanhu vanowanzoita vatengesi kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinotya magetsi magetsi. Kunyanya, izvi zvinoshanda kune microprocessor control system. Nokudaro, kutengesa kunofanira kuteverwa nekuchengeteka kwose.