Forms uye mhando variability

Panyika, pane siyana siyana muupenyu, uye panguva imwe chete riri hazvisi kunyange mhuka kana zvirimwa zviviri zvakafanana. Mhando dzakasiyana akasiyana chaizvo kubva mumwe, asi kunyange pakati chaizvo yakafanana Pakutanga, zvakafanana mhando hapana vaviri zvachose kufanana nomumwe.

Uye kupfuura hazvishamisi, vose pamusoro nderechokwadi kwete chete nokuda zvisikwa bereka pabonde, asi naivo inoparadzirwa vegetatively, uye kunyange miitiro inoburitsa zvinhu zvakanyatsofanana.

Saka chii kuti zvipenyu Pasi chikwereti ichi oga yavo? Chokwadi ndechokuti kubvira pakutanga kwayo - hazvina basa, muchimiro zygote kana mwana muitiro - muviri unotanga kuchinja. Akashandura upenyu hwake hwose - kusvikira parufu rwake. pfuma iyi zvose zvipenyu zvose akanzi variability.

Zvisinei, kuti variability haisi nguva dzose Anomhanyira chete chirongwa, asi nekuti, sezvo zvidzidzo, nyanzvi dzinoti mhando variability.

Saka variability anogona kunge munhu (imwe kuitwa kunobva), uye boka (zvinobva rese). Chokutanga ndechokuti Inonyanya.

Uyewo ari oga mhando enzvimbo kushanduka kuri dzinounzwa, kuti pakuva chiri chokwadi kuti kuchinja kuitwa vanotungamirirwa nezvinenge zvaitika, imwe ndima.

Vakaparadzana marudzi variability uye ukuru kutendeuka, kana zviri zvakakwana, kukuru, variability iyi yepamusoro, uye kana chete zvishomanana kutendeutsa zvisakakwana, ari quantitative kushanduka.

Kana chipenyu kwava zvimwe zvimwewo zvinoitika afunge zviratidzo tishandurwe, zviri rinotungamirirwa variability uye kana kutendeuka kunoitika nomuzvarirwo, zviri asiri achitaura volatility. Uyezve, pane Makuriro variability iri yose kukura uye kurarama dzakachinjwa zvinenge kuramba.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti pane nzira dzakawanda kuti zvinobvira kutendeutsa tsika zviratidzo fuma, kwete zvose unhu hwakawanikwa naye chakasvitswa nevazukuru vake. Saka, kunyange dzoga zvinotevera kushanduka: nhaka uye nonhereditary (nadzurudzo).

Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuguma ikoko. Hazvina nhaka uye non-nenhaka siyana variability rakakamurwa subtypes. subtypes izvi vanosiyana zvakawanda nezveunhu uye zvivako. Uye vari kunzi, zvivanakire, nezvimiro.

Saka, muri zvinotevera siyana variability: Modification uye genotypic. Nadzurudzo, ainziwo phenotypic, kwakaratidzwa ndechokuti vakasiyana zvakafanana kwemarudzi pasi pokudzora kwezvakatipoteredza ari kuchinja phenotype. The zvichiguma zvinenge zviri nomumwe kuchinja haana nhaka.

Somuenzaniso, kana munhu mudzi voikukka iri akatsemura mu hafu akaisa ezvinhu akasiyana (imwe hafu - mumakomo, wechipiri - mumupata), pakazosvika nguva vanozadzika kuyaruka miti zvichava zvikuru pachena kuti chirimwa phenotype iri zvikuru zvakasiyana. Kukura mumakomo dandelions haakuri, mashizha uye maruva havasi guru. Asi chirimwa kwave akura mumupata, Ukuwo, achava mukuru uye mashizha - guru. Kana vazukuru miti izvi kukura pasi chete ezvinhu, kusiyana therebetween haazovanzwiri.

The chikuru kukosha nadzurudzo iyi anochinjika wevapenyu muviri mamiriro ezvinhu.

Genotypic variability iri unopfuura rakasiyana nadzurudzo, somugumisiro hazvina kushandura phenotype uye genotype, uye itsva vawana chizenga nhaka. Genotypic variability rakakamurwa subspecies maviri: combinative uye mutation (mutation).

Combinative variability - ndiko kwaita zvivako zvitsva mwana nokuda chero mubatanidzwa mutsva majini kuvabereki vake. Somuenzaniso, mune kuyambuka yezvinonhuhwira pizi nemaruva chena kwavo vazukuru maruva kungava ruvara ruvara.

Mutation - pakarepo, asi panguva imwe chete vachiwana kuchinja majini zvinhu ane muviri, kutapukira nevazukuru. Kunotouraya mu nomumwe uye zvakanangwa.