Faira system - chii ichocho? Faira system NTFS, FAT, RAW, UDF

Izvo zvinoshandiswa, pamwe nemamwe mabasa ose, zvinopedzisa chinangwa chayo chikuru-chinoronga basa nedheta pane chimwe chimiro. Nokuda kwezvinangwa izvi, faira system inoshandiswa. Ndezvipi FS uye zvinogona kuvei, uyewo rumwe ruzivo pamusoro paro ruchaendeswa mberi.

Gwaro rinotsanangurwa

A file system ndiyo chikamu chekushanda kwenyika iyo inosungirwa kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza, kubvisa ruzivo pamusoro pevhidhiyo, kupa vashandisi uye zvishandiso nemashoko aya, nekuvimbisa kushandiswa kwayo kwakachengeteka. Mukuwedzera, izvi ndizvo zvinobatsira pakuwanazve data kana zvichiitika hardware kana software kusakona. Saka, faira system yakakosha zvikuru. Chii chinonzi FS uye chinogona kuva chii? Kune marudzi akawanda:

- nokuda kwema diski akaoma, i.e.zviyero zvine ruzivo rwekutsvaga;

- kumagetsi magome, ndiko kuti, maikirwo ane sequential access;

- nekuda kwema media;

- virtual systems;

- network network.5

Rimwe rinonzwisisika rekuchengetedza deta iri mune faira system iri faira, ndiko kuti, yakagadzirirwa deta yakagadzwa ine zita. Zvose zvinoshandiswa nehurongwa hwekushandisa zvinomiririrwa nenzira yefaira: mapurogiramu, mifananidzo, magwaro, mimhanzi, vhidhiyo, pamwe chete nevatyairi, mabhuku emabhuku uye nezvimwewo. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chakadai chine zita, chimiro, kutenderera, maitiro uye ukuru. Saka zvino unoziva kuti faira chii. Ifaira system ndeyekuunganidza kwezvinhu zvakadaro, uyewo nzira dzokushanda navo. Zvichienderana nemhando iyo inoshandiswa uye kuti ndeapi mitemo inoshandiswa kwairi, zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa mitambo yakasiyana-siyana yeFS.

Purogiramu yacho inosvika

Saka, kana iyo faira system inofungidzirwa (chii uye kuti ingashanda sei nayo), zvino zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti iyi inomutambo wepamusoro-soro, pane yepamusoro yepamusoro pane faira yechinoshandura iyo inopa kuenzanirana pakati pechirongwa uye chimwe chekushanda. Iko inoshandura zvikumbiro zvekuisa faira mumutauro unonzwisiswa nehuwandu huno - vatyairi. Izvo, zvekare, inodzokera kune vanodhairi vemafaira chaiwo anochengetedza ruzivo rwakakosha.

Mukushambadzira-server, maitiro ekushanda kweFS akanyanya kwazvo. Nhasi zvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa kupa ruzivo runobudirira, rubatsiro rwezvakawandisa zvezvinyorwa, kuchengetedza dambudziko kubva kusina kubvumirwa kusina mvumo, nekuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemashoko.

FAT Faira System

Rudzi urwu rwakavandudzwa shure muna 1977 naBill Gates naMark McDonald. Pakutanga yakashandiswa mu OS 86-DOS. Kana tichitaura pamusoro peiyo FAT file system, zvakakosha kuziva kuti pakutanga chakanga chisingakwanisi kutsigira ma diski akaoma, asi yakashanda chete nemashandisirwo emasikirwo kusvika 1 megabyte. Iye zvino chirevo ichi hachina maturo, uye iyi FS yakashandiswa neMicrosoft ye MS-DOS 1.0 uye gare gare. FAT inoshandisa mamwe magungano maererano nekutumidza mazita:

- pakutanga kwezita kunofanira kuva netsamba kana nhamba, uye mairi anogona kuva chero ani zvake ASCII, kuwedzera pane nzvimbo uye zvinhu zvakasiyana;

- kureba kwezita kunofanira kunge kusina vanhu vanopfuura 8, mushure mokunge dot racho riiswa, uye ipapo kuwedzerwa kunoumbwa netsamba mitatu kunoratidzwa;

- mukunyora mazita mazita akanyorwa anokwanisa kushandiswa, haasi akasiyana uye haana kuponeswa.

Sezvo FAT yaive yakagadzirirwa munhu mumwe chete-DOS OS, haina kugovera kuchengetedzwa kwemashoko pamusoro pemudzidzi kana kodzero dzekuwana. Panguva ino, iyi faira system inoparidzirwa zvikuru kwazvo, pane imwe nzvimbo inotsigirwa nemazuva ano mashandisirwo emasazuva ano. Iyo yakasiyana-siyana inoita kuti zvikwanise kuishandisa iyo pamabhuku akawanda ayo masangano ese akasiyana anoshanda. Iyi iFS iri nyore, iyo isingakwanisi kudzivirira mafaira ehuori nekuda kwekuregererwa kusina kwekombiyuta. Sezvimwe chikamu chemashandisirwo ekushanda anoshanda maererano neshoko raro, pane zvimwe zvinokosha zvinoshandiswa zvinotarisa chimiro uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana kweefaira.

NTFS file system

Iyi FS inonyanya kufarirwa nekushanda neWindows NT, sezvo yakagadzirirwa zvakananga. IOI inosanganisira kushandiswa kwekushandura, iyo inoshandura mabhuku kubva kuFAT uye HPFS kusvika kuTTFS. Kana tikataurira pamusoro peiyo iyo NTFS file file iri, zvakakosha kuziva kuti inonyanya kukwanisa kukwanisa kugona kune dzimwe nzvimbo zvinyorwa uye mafaira, yakaunza hune humwe hutsika, huchishandiswa mafaira ekugadzirisa zvishandiso zvakasimba, kukanganisika kwekukanganisa, uye inotsigira POSIX muzinga. Mune FS iyi, unogona kushandisa mazita kusvika mairi 255 marefu, asi zita pfupi rinogadzirwa nenzira imwecheteyo seVFAT. Kunzwisisa kuti NTFS file file yakadini, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana chiitiko chekushayikana kwekushanda kwehurumende, ichigona kudzoka pachedu, saka ivhu re disk richaramba richinyoreswa, uye sarudzo yemabhuku haizotambudzi.

NTFS Features

Panhamba yeTTFS, faira imwe neimwe inomiririrwa nerekodhi mumutambo weMFT. Zvinyorwa zvepakutanga gumi nematanhatu zvakachengetedzwa nefaira system yekuchengetedza ruzivo rwakakosha. Nhoroondo yekutanga iyo inotsanangura tafura yefaira pachayo. Apo rekodhi yokutanga yakaparadzwa, rekodhi yechipiri inoverengwa kuti itsvake MFT mirror file, apo rekutanga rekufanana yakafanana neetafura huru. Ikopi yefaira rebhoti rinowanikwa panzvimbo yakarurama ye diski. Mutambo wechitatu uri patafura ine efodhi yefaira inoshandiswa kugadzirisa deta. Zvinyorwa gumi nemanomwe uye zvinyorwa zvinotevera mune tafura yefaira zvine ruzivo nezvemafaira uye zvinyorwa zvinowanika paDisk disk.

Mutambo wekutengesa une sangano rakakwana rekushandura kunochinja shanduko yevhoriyumu, kusanganisira mabasa ekuumba mafaira, pamwe chete nemirairo inobata zvinyorwa. Nhoroondo yekutengeserana yakagadzirirwa kuti iwane NTFS semugumisiro wekukundikana kwehurongwa. Iko kunotangira midziyo ine urongwa hwezvinyorwa uye mafaira ari mumudziro wechirongwa.

Zvikamu zveEFS

Iyo Encrypting File System (EFS) inhengo yeWindows iyo iyo ruzivo pamusoro pe diski yakaoma inogona kuchengetwa mumutauro wakanyorwa. Kufuridzirwa kwave kwakava kudzivirirwa kwakasimba kunoshandiswa kwebasa iri. Muchiitiko ichi, kusungirirwa kwemushandisi ichinhu chisina kujeka, izvi zvinongoda kuongorora bhokisi pane zvinhu zvefaira kana faira. Iwe unogona kutsanangura ndiani anogona kuverenga mafaira akadaro. Kuzivikanwa kunoitika apo mafaira akavharwa, uye paanozarura, ivo vanobva vagadzirira kushandiswa.

RAW Features

Zvigadziro zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza deta ndezvinyanya kunetseka, izvo zvinowanzonyangadza kwete chete mumuviri, asiwo zvine musoro. Zvimwe zvinetso nemidziyo zvinogona kuuraya, uye vamwe vane dzimwe mhinduro. Dzimwe nguva vashandi vane mubvunzo: "Chii chinonzi RAW file system?"

Sezvaunoziva, kunyora kune diski yakaoma kana flash drive yeumwe ruzivo, motokari inofanira kuva neFS. Zvinowanzodiwa ndeye FAT uye NTFS. Uye RAW haina kunyange faira system, iyo yatinowanzofungidzira. Zvechokwadi, iyi ikanganiso inonzwisisika yenzvimbo yave yakagadzirwa, kureva, kushayikwa kwayo kweWindows. Kazhinji kazhinji RAW inosanganiswa nekuparadzwa kwechimiro chefaira. Mushure mezvo, iO OS haisi kungoramba kukwanisa kudarika, asiwo haina kuratidza ruzivo rwehuchenjeri pamusoro pemichina.

Zvikamu zveDF

Universal disk format (UDF) yakagadzirirwa kutora CDFS uye kuwedzera kutsigirwa kweDVD-ROM. Kana tichitaura pamusoro peiyo DFF file system, iyo itsva yekushandiswa kweiyo yekare ye diski dzakasangana zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neInternational Organization for Standardization. Inoratidzirwa nezvimwe zvikamu:

- mazita emafaira anogona kusvika mairi 255 marefu;

- zita rekuregesa rinogona kuva rakaderera nepamusoro;

- Iyo yakareba nzira yakakwirira ndeye 1023.

Kutanga neWindows XP, iyi faira system inotsigira kuverenga nekunyora.

Chii chinonzi EXFAT file system

Iyi FS inoshandiswa pakutsvaira, izvo zvinofanirwa kushandiswa pakushanda nemakombiyuta akasiyana-siyana anoshandisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekushanda, kunyanya Windows neLinux. Yaiva EXFAT yakava bhiriji pakati pavo, sezvo inokwanisa kushanda ne data yakagamuchirwa kubva kuI OS, imwe neimwe iyo ine faira yeyo faira. Chii uye kuti chinoshanda sei chichave chakajeka kakashanda.

Mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona kubva pamusoro apa, rimwe nerimwe rinoshandisa system rinoshandisa mamwe mafaira maitiro. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvigadziriswa zvemashoko ezvinyorwa pamutambo wekunyama Kana iwe ukangoerekana washamisika kana uchishandisa kombiyuta pamusoro peiyo yakagadziriswa faira system, zvinonyanya kuitika kuti kana ukaedza kunyora faira yakananga kune yakasvibirira, unoona mhemberero pamusoro pehuwandu hwehukuru hunotenderwa. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kuziva kuti FS chii chiyero chemafaira chinonzi chichigamuchirwa, kuitira kuti kana uchitumira mashoko, usasangana nematambudziko.