Epidemic - Chii ichocho? nzvongo Zvinokonzera

Epidemic - zviri vakawanda kuparadzira muchadenga uye nenguva isina zvirwere, pachiyero chiri kakawanda kupfuura Statistical chakarurama vakanyorwa munharaunda yacho lesion. Vakaurayiwa hosha inova yakawanda vanhu, zvikuru-pamwero nokuyerwa kuitwa chirwere haina miganhu uye anofukidza nzvimbo diki, uye nyika yose. Mumwe nzvongo zvingasava yapfuura vane uye achabatsirwa zviratidzo mudzi, zvichienderana zvinoverengeka pamusoro. ekunze ichi, mamiriro okunze, mumhepo kumanikidzwa, nzvimbo yomugariro, socio-utsanana. Epidemic utachiona hweHIV huri dzinoratidzwa chichiitika pakati hutachiwana kubva mumwe munhu kune imwe, zvinoreva kuramba ngetani sequentially kuva rwarisa ezvinhu.

Zvirwere, izvo kuva matenda

The zvirwere nengozi, anotora chimiro idenda vari:

• Hosha.
• Korera.
• YokuSpain.
• Chigwadara.
• Typhus.
• Ebola.

Black Death - denda

Hosha (aka "Black Death") - nechirwere chakaipisisa, izvo akaparadza maguta ose, kudzimwa panyika musha uye musha. Kutaurwa rokutanga chirwere chakanyorwa VI remakore: Ndezvemuranda chakasuruvara gore wakafukidza nyika East hweRoma, richiuraya mazana ezviuru zvevanhu uye mutongi wavo Justinian. Vachibva kuIjipiti uye rapararira kumabvazuva nokumavirira mirayiridzo - achitevedza mhenderekedzo Africa vakananga Alexandria uye kuburikidza Siria Palestine vakapinda panhaka West Asia - denda pamwe 532 580 pagore yakarova nyika dzakawanda. nzira yake "rufu dema" kuita dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana pamwe kumiganhu, unceremoniously vanoverevedza vanyura kondinendi. Parainge denda asvika, rakapinda Girisi uye Turkey mumakore 541-542, uye panguva iyoyo yose Italy ano, France uye Germany. Nepo vanhu of Eastern hweRoma akanga kuderedzwa nehafu. mweya ose, fivha yakaderera-sosaiti, zvakawanda zvive vaiva kuchangotanga ngozi uye haina pave kuda kwevanhu mangwanani.

Yechipiri inotyisa denda chirongwa wakadzokororwa XIV remakore, bata nyika dzose European. mazana mashanu emakore rekutonga hosha kwakauraya upenyu vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 40. Zvikonzero anotsvedzerera kuparadzirwa utachiona kwaiva kushaya chepuraimari utsanana unyanzvi, tsvina uye urombo: pahunosiya. Pamberi chirwere vakanga simba vanachiremba uye inonyorwa zvinodhaka navo. Kurasira zvitunha waishaiwa nendima, saka vakachera gomba huru kuti yakazadzwa mazana zvitunha. How Varume vakawanda simba, vakadzi anokwezva, akanaka vana squinted utsinye rufu, kuputsa cheni kwemazana nezvizvarwa.

Pashure kundikana Kuedza vanachiremba vakaona kuti taifanira kushandisa voga vanhu vanorwara kubva utano. Zvadaro, uye rakatangwa nokuda kupatsanura varwere, waiva chipingamupinyi chokutanga kurwa chirwere. We dzimba chaidzo umo varwere vakanga akaramba kwemazuva 40 pasi kuzviomesera kurambidzwa kuenda panze. Yasvika Maritime Transport akaudza kumira mumigwagwa kwemazuva 40, pasina kubuda chiteshi.

Chechitatu sefungu denda chirwere vakafamba kusvikira China mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, achitora naye 6 mwedzi vanenge zviuru 174 vanhu. Muna 1896, iye yakarohwa India, uyo akafirwa kuti zvinotyisa nguva vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 12. It zvakateverwa South Africa, South uye North America. Chinese vatakuri denda, bubonic hunhu vaipfeka vaiva nezvikepe uye chiteshi gonzo. Panguva kuomerera yacho kupatsanura varwere vanachiremba kuti mwoyo nemakonzo uremu vaitamira pamahombekombe mooring mabote vakanga yaipiwa pamwe simbi disks.

Rinotyisa chirwere haisi akaponesa uye Russia. Muna XIII-XIV emakore guta Glukhov uye Belozersk akafa chose muna Smolensk vakapukunyuka 5 vagari. Makore maviri zvinotyisa muPskov uye Novgorod pamativi kwakauraya upenyu hwevanhu 250 zviuru.

Kuitika denda, kunyange akaenda rinooneka kuti kuderera mune 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore, asi kubvira nguva nenguva zvinoita pacharo akanzwa. Kubva 1989 kusvika 2003 kuAmerica, Asia, Africa akanyora 38 zviuru. Nyaya pachifo chirwere. Munyika 8 (China, Mongolia, Vietnam, Democratic Republic of the Congo, United Republic of Tanzania, Madagascar, Peru, United States) dambudziko - ndiyo yatanga kudzokorora vanoramba kakawanda gore negore.

Zviratidzo denda chirwere

zviratidzo:

• General guva ezvinhu.
• Development kuti kuzvimba mumapapu, node nodes uye dzimwe nhengo.
• High tembiricha - kusvika 39-40 ⁰ C.
• Anotemwa nemusoro.
• Kakawanda svoto uye kurutsa.
• Dzungu.
• Kutadza kurara.
• Fungidziro.

denda chimiro

Kuwedzera pamusoro apa features, kana ganda-bubonic chimiro chirwere panguva nzvimbo utachiona kupinda tsvuku gwapa sokuti, zvinoitika mukati chinu akazadzwa purulent ropa mukati. nokukurumidza Pustules (sefuro) inoparusa, pokubatana urikanwi. Ko kukura kuzvimba kuti aumbe buboes mu node nodes, raiva pedyo nenzvimbo kupinda pachifo mabhakitiriya.

Pulmonary chirwere hwokuratidza kuzvimba mumapapu (nemabayo denda), achiperekedzwa manzwiro yokushaya mhepo, chikosoro, sputum kurimwa neropa ane admixture.

Intestinal chikuva achiperekedzwa kunonyengedza manyoka, kazhinji madzihwa uye ropa pachituru.

Septic edenda mhando pamwe zvinokosha ropa paganda uye mucous membranes. Iye anofambisa zvakaoma uye kazhinji chinouraya zvakasikwa, izvo hworatidza pacharo kubudikidza vakawanda kudhaka nenyere maronda nokuda 2 - 3 Mazuva (nokuti utachiona hwedenda chimiro) uye 5 - 6 daily (bubonic fomu). Pasina kurapwa rufu 99.9%.

mabatiro

Treatment rinoitwa bedzi mune chaiyo muzvipatara. Kana uchifungidzira kuti chirwere ichi chiri kudiwa voga wevarwere, disinfection uye disinfestation makamuri zvose murwere yave pachena. Guta, apo chirwere yakanga dzakaonekwa kuti vakaisa kupatsanura varwere, vakabata basa majekiseni anodzivirira uye nechimbichimbi chemoprophylaxis.

Influenza - "Italian fivha"

It vagara tsika yevanhu yaiva chirwere che "besa". Fever, kwazvo huro, runny mhino - hakunganzi kuti kutya zvisinganzwisisiki uye kurapwa uye mubhedha zororo. Yakanga yakasiyana zvachose ane zana apfuura, apo kubva chirwere akafa akabuda vanenge mamiriyoni 40 upenyu.

Influenza yakatanga kutaurwa panguva huru chiremba yekare Hippocrates. The yakakwirira tembiricha wevarwere, nomusoro uye tsandanyama marwadzo, uyewo kumusoro infectivity valyl zasi pfupi mazana evanhu, dzichiri kupinda idenda, kupfuura zvikuru zvacho kufukidza yose nyika uye makondinendi.

KuMiddle Ages, chikosoro yatanga kunowanzoitika uye vainzi "Fivha Italian" sezvo varwere zvakakanganisika tenda kuti kunobva chirwere kwaive Italy. Treatment zvinosanganisira mvura yokunwa infusions wemakwenzi nouchi, batsirai vasina simba, uye vanachiremba kuti aponese varwere hapana zvakawanda vasingagoni kufunga. Uye pakati pevanhu chikosoro dambudziko iri kurangwa naMwari zvivi, uye vanhu ainyengetera kuna Mwari tariro kuti chirwere ichava yokunzvenga musha wavo.

Kusvikira XVI remakore chekorera - waiva chirwere pasina zita, sezvo vanachiremba kugona kuona mhosva parinowanika. Maererano neimwe pfungwa, izvozvo unovapo kubva kunangiswa mune imwe kutevedzana miviri yokudenga. Izvi zvakapa zita rake yepakutanga - ". Kwechirwere, rova" "yokuSpain", iro rinoshandurwa kubva Italian rinoreva Pfungwa yechipiri - zvishoma enhetembo. Nguva dzose kuti panowanikwa ane zvirwere rakazivikanwa pakatanga mwedzi yechando, kuona ukama chirwere pamwe hypothermia yomuka.

The zita yemazuva ano "dzihwa" yakaitika mazana matatu gare gare, uye mune French uye German rinoreva "kunzwisisa", nokududza kamwe kamwe chitarisiko chake: Munhu anenge nhau maawa unobatwa mune maoko chinotapuriranwa utachiwana.

It anekodzero huvepo ndiyo shanduro kuti zvikamu pakati matenda yokuSpain utachiona inopedzwa shiri uye mhuka. Doctors rose vari mumamiriro mupfungwa uye kugara akagadzirira inotevera sefungu dzihwa dambudziko kuti nguva dzose vachishanyira vanhu vari dzakachinjwa mamiriro.

Yanhasi nemavhairasi - Ebola

Pari, vanhu akatarisana chirwere chitsva - Ebola, pamusoro izvo kwete akatoita chero nzira kurwisa, sezvinoita denda mutsva - chose haizivikanwi Chirwere. Kutanga muna February 2014 muGuinea, utachiona chapararira kuLiberia, Nigeria, Sierra - Leone, Senegal, Mali, United States uye Spain.

Denda, izvo chinoita - kushayikwa zvoutsanana, murombo utsanana, uyewo dzidziso dzechitendero noushingi Unokunda makiromita kwenharaunda. Mumaoko kukurumidza kupararira chinotapuriranwa chirwere - tsika vomunzvimbo, mavakanga kutsvoda chitunha panguva rokuonekana, kugeza chitunha akavigwa pedyo mvura, iyo inosvitsa chinoramba ngetani chirwere vamwe vanhu.

Matanho kudzivirira zvirwere

Chero pakatanga chirwere zvikasaitika saizvozvo, uye mugumisiro wacho ukama pakati murume uye hunhu.

Saka, kudzivisa mheni kupararira zvirwere zvitsva munyika kutora zvinotevera matanho chokudzivirira zvinodiwa:

• rokuchenesa mundima, sewerage, mvura;
• kuwedzera tsika yevanhu utano vakunde;
• kuchengetwa mitemo utsanana ;
• kwakakodzera pakugadzirisa uye kuchengetera zvinhu;
• vakaomerwa kutandadzana keriya bacilli.