Enyika uye muzivi Tomas Masaryk: Biography, inobudisa zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Tomas Masaryk kuna Czech Republic igamba chaiyo. Aiva mutungamiriri racho, iro rinotarisira vabudirire rusununguko nokuda Czechoslovakia. Kutanga mamiriro, akava purezidhendi wayo wokutanga uye akatonga inotungamirwa kubva muna 1918 kusvika muna 1935.

Kuti uite izvi murume zvose kunozivikanwa akakwanisa kuonga kwake hwakanaka. Kubva nyaya, unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro mhuri, kuchikoro, mudzimai, mabasa ake munharaunda uye maonero enyika. Czech nyanzvi uye muzivi kwakachinja zvikuru upenyu hwevanhu, nokuti chinyi inonzi "baba."

mhuri muzivi

Tomas Masaryk akaberekwa musi 03.07.1850, muMoravia (zvino yeAustria Empire). mhuri yake vaiva vanhuwo mushandi. zita raBaba Josefa (akararama 1823-1907). By norudzi akanga Slovakia vachibva kuHungary. Zita ramai vake - Teresa (akararama 1813-1887). In zita rake musikana iye akatakura zita Kropachkova uye nyika yakanga chizvarwa wokuGermany Moravia.

Josef Masaryk haana nyika uye kunyange kumba kwavo. Mumakore ake muduku akanga ashanda kushanda makuru mapurazi, uye aberekwa Tomas akava coachman. The mhuri yaigara muimba basa. Joseph haana kuenda kuchikoro, saka kuverenga yakaoma. Panguva iyoyo akanga unozvikudza kwazvo murume ane simba hunhu, akanga asingatyi kupikisana nevavanoshandira. Saka, aifanira kuramba kuchinja mabasa, kutamira kubva zvarinoroora kune mumwe.

Thomas pachake akayeuka kuti baba vake vakanga vakwanisa, asi munhu nyore, saka mukuru imba yaiva amai. Mumakore ake muduku, Teresa akashanda se mubiki mu vapfumi mudzimba, murandakadzi, Vienna. Nekuti musha wake yave Germanized chose, iye akataura uye akanyora chete German. Pave paya, kana vanakomana vake vakava voruzhinji, iye akaedza kutaura naye Slovak, asi zvikazooneka aiva chinhu chakaipa.

Mhuri akataura German, asi baba zvinowanzooneka vakapfuura kusvikira Slovak, uyewo Tomas muchivanze achitamba nevezera ravo.

kudzidza nguva

Pazera matanhatu Tomas Masaryk Ndakaenda kuchikoro muchikoro mumusha. Iye akaratidza mberi zvakanaka kuchikoro, saka mudzidzisi akarayira vabereki vake kumutuma chesekondari. Vakaita saizvozvo. Mukomana kudzidza muna 1863 uye akadzokera kumba. Pano akatanga kubatsira mudzidzisi, dzidza mumhanzi, kuti kuverenga. The Teachers 'Seminary akatora makore gumi nematanhatu chete okuberekwa, uye Tomas aiva gumi chete, saka amai kumutumira kuna Vienna kuti mudzidziri webasa rimwe fitter wacho.

The imba vatenzi mukomana akamhanya mhanya pamba. Kamwe mumwe wevadzidzi Akabira uye vakatengesa mabhuku ake. Rakanga yokupedzisira uswa, uye jaya Masaryk akatiza musha. The vabereki kumutumira raizondipa unyanzvi hunodiwa mhizha. Saka Ndakapfuura rimwe gore.

Basa mupristi musha muupenyu Tomas

Muupenyu nomumwe mukuru pane nguva kuti uone nzira yayo yemberi. Handisi kudzivisa izvi uye Tomas Masaryk. Interesting zvine chokuita hwake Hatingamboti tapedza pasina kutaurwa mupristi musha. Yaiva Franz Satori akapa mukomana kuverenga mabhuku ake, akamudzidzisa Latin uye akanyengetedza vabereki kune akabvumira mwanakomana wake kudzidza mberi. Mupristi akabatsira mukomana bvunzo, uye akakwanisa kunyoresa kirasi yechikoro German wechipiri. Saka, munguva nemakore gumi akatamira kuguta muBrno.

Vabereki havana kutumira mari mukomana, saka akamanikidzwa kuva murairidzi uye gare gare somuperekedzi kuti mwanakomana mukuru wemapurisa. Chesekondari akadzidza jaya vakasununguka uye vakanakidzwa nomukurumbira kukuru pakati nevamwe vadzidzi chesekondari. Panguva imwe cheteyo, izvozvo midzi pfungwa pamusoro kumutsidzirwa muCzech rudzi. Nokuda kuti mukakavadzane pamwe wekambani Tomasz haana chikoro ichi.

Sezvaakaita Masaryk paiva zita wechipiri

Mapurisa mukuru, ane mwanakomana akadzidzisa Masaryk, iye kwaitsigirwa uye takatamira Vienna. Iye akabatsira jaya kuenda Metropolitan jimunasiyamu. Mukomana wake kudzidza muna 1872 ava nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri. Uyezve, akakwanisa kudzidza kubva University of Vienna, kudzidza panguva imwecheteyo panguva philological nouzivi mano. In makore mashoma ichava wapurofesa paUniversity Vienna uzivi.

Panguva chikoro akasangana jaya ane American Charlotte Garrigue. Aiva mwanasikana New York bhenga. Baba kwaipesana ukama hwavo uye akapa mvumo yake nokuda muchato chete pashure Masaryk akaramba roora. Young vanhu vaigara nokuzvininipisa, uchishandisa Tomas zveminda. Saka pakanga zita Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. Akatora yapakati zita rokukudza wake. Charlotte akamuberekera vana uye kudzidza Czech.

Wife akakundikana vasanangurwa mari, asi muzvinhu zvose zvakamubatsira. Kunyange kamwe iye akagara kwemwedzi inoverengeka iri mujeri yeAustria hwake zvematongerwo enyika wake. Uye mhuri Charlotte harisati akasiya mwanasikana chinhu. Kana vaviri Masaryk akararama muUnited States, Thomas aishandira romukarahwa wake, akataura mukati madenderedzwa, vanamuzvinabhizimisi uye vezvematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira imwe US mapurezidhendi ainzi Woodrow Wilson.

Czech mubvunzo

Nokuda ake enyika maonero, Tomas Masaryk vaisagona tariro pambiru purofesa muVienna. Nokuti iye, ruponeso apo muna 1882 Imperial Kutarisirwa achavhura muna University of Czech Republic. Akatamira kuna Czech Republic uye tichiita mabasa edzidzo, kusanganisira achivaratidza "Ateneum" magazini.

MuCzech Republic panguva iyoyo, pakanga mapati huru mbiri - Young Czechs uye starochehi. Vamiririri Masangano vose vava utsinye kugamuchira mabasa uye pfungwa muzivi. refu nguva yake havana kuda kugamuchira; asi nokufamba kwenguva, Tomas akakwanisa kuratidza yakarurama yake nemaonero uye unozadzisa simba kwakadaro muvanhu kuti vaviri vanoda kuwedzera zita rake avo mazita. Nenzira iyi, vaifungidzira kuunganidza mavhoti akawanda musarudzo kuna Imperial Parliament.

Masaryk aida kuuya veruzhinji pokugadzwa Czech wehurumende pamwe warwo mutauro netsika. Zvisinei, akanga asina kurwisa tsika German, muchitenda kuti vapfume mutsika dzakasiyana kunoita Czechs zvikuru yepamusoro uye multi-faceted rudzi.

Kubvira 1891, policies kakawanda akasarudzirwa paramende (Czech uye wavarindi). Akatungamirira muiti wechokwadi Party, uye ipapo Czech vanhu Party.

kushorwa

Pakutanga World War First, zvematongerwe mumatare uye akatongerwa rufu, vachimupomera hurumende. MuCzech Republic vakarega panguva kwayakaita. Tomash Masarik akamanikidzwa kusiya misha yavo.

Akanga achipikisa yeAustria nomutemo pamusoro hondo. Masaryk akaona uye vainzwisisa zvakaoma sei Czechs kundorwa Slavs. Ndokusaka akasika Anti-yeAustria pasi pevhu.

Muchiitiko chino, Tomas Garik Masaryk zvakawanda maonero Russia. Haana kuiona shamwari iyi pakusikwa Czech wehurumende, kunyange akanga ikoko, akabata Bamba Gorky, Leo NdiTolstoy.

Enyika vatsigiri akaona ari UK, France, USA. Zviri masimba aya aiziva pakusikwa Czechoslovak National Council, inotungamirwa Masaryk.

Muna 1917, akararama Kiev, apo akagadzirisa Council ake. Mitemo kazhinji kuMoscow uye Petrograd, akava nomukana wokupupurira sei Bolsheviks vakauya simba ose maguta matatu anotaurwa.

Sezvo musoro wehurumende

Tomas Masaryk neCzechoslovakia inotungamirwa rakabatana. Kunyange muupenyu hwake, zita rake rakava vashoma kunamatwa unhu - aionekwa mutungamiriri akasununguka Czechoslovakia womudzimu.

Enyika aiva admire pamusoro reBritain neAmerica tsika. Aida kuti pave worupo multi-bato hweruzhinji. Masaryk kuti utungamiriri akanga humanistic hunhu. Akabvumira kutanga mutemo mamiriro vashoma National.

State policies zvakatungamirira 04.01.1934 makore kusvikira yakarohwa nesitiroko. Kwapera gore, pazera makore makumi masere namashanu, akapa ushe mudzidzi wake uye muteveri E. Benes. 14.09.1937 gore rapera Biography ake: Tomas Masaryk akafa, uye gore papera vakaguma kuvapo hurumende zvaakasika.

zvematongerwo enyika ndangariro

Sezvambotaurwa, panguva upenyu Tomas Masaryk aiva remadunhu- - rainzi "Baba." Mundangariro yake, mari yakapiwa, ainzi migwagwa vakawanda Hodonin pane miziyamu yakatsaurirwa munhu uyu kwazvo, uye vaIsiraeri, guta uye nharaunda iri Tel Aviv anonzi vanomutevera.

Mazuva akazvimirira Czech Republic kunyange ane Order, iro rakaumbwa mundangariro guru paruzhinji uye enyika inofananidza ehurumende.