Dumbu rakakura: mabasa uye sarudzo

Kugadzirisa chirwere chevanhu , chinosanganisira hutumbu hukuru, hunoratidzwa nehutano hwakasiyana-siyana nemabasa ematare ayo akasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kufungidzira zvinetso zvekudya, izvo zvinokanganisa nguva nekubudirira kwerapa maitiro uye nzira. Haisi chakavanzika chokuti nekudengenyeka kwezvakatipoteredza, pamwe nemafungiro asina hanya nemunhu kune utano hwake, nhamba yezvirwere zvegastroenterological yakawedzera munyika. Vanowanzotanga kuva chimiro chisingaperi, kuderedza nguva uye hupenyu hwomunhu. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisirwa kutsanangura nenzira inogoneka yehutano nemabasa emukumbo muduku uye mukuru wemunhu, uyewo kuti azive nekusawirirana kwakajairika mubasa remadhipatimendi emutsara wekudya.

Zvose zvinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa chirongwa chekudya

Basa rayo rinogona kufananidzwa nefekitari huru yekugadzira zvokudya, kuparadzaniswa kwayo, kushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu. Muhurumende yega yega yehurongwa kune zvakananga kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo nemasikirwo emagetsi, semuenzaniso, mavitamini.

Utumbo hukuru, chimiro uye mabasa atinodzidza, inonzi physiologically inoratidzika senhengo inopinda muchivande, kudya, kudya uye kubviswa kwezvinhu kubva kune zvikamu zvakapfurikidza. Kuti unzwisise mabasa, tanga uchitarisa kuti intara yakakura yakarongwa sei.

Shells emutsipa mukuru

Pamakagadzirira ake, mabheji mana anonyatsooneka: mucous, submucosal, muscular uye serous. Dzinopa mabasa makuru evanhu: kuumbwa kwemakirinikiti anoita basa rekuchengetedza, kushandiswa kweB vithamini uye vitamini K nekubatanidzwa kwebhakitiriya maruva anobatsira, kubudiswa kwemucheka unovandudza kufambira mberi kwechiyme. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kupfuura zvose zvekoloni ndiko kunwa mvura uye kugadzirisa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvisiri izvo, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwemasese kubva ku chyme.

Morphology yemukumbo mukuru

Inenge yakareba kusvika ku 1.5 m uye yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu 6: cecum ine appendicitis, inokwira, inopera, ichidzika uye sigmoid colon, uyewo rectum. Kuvapo kwemitambo miviri yakareba inotenderera inopinda mukati memukati makuru, inopa pendulum uye zvinopesana zvinokonzera masvingo aro. Nekunyorera, mboni inogona kuwanika nyore nyore, sezvo mucosa yavo ine maitiro ekuwedzera kushandiswa uye zvinyorwa. Iyo inoumbwa munzvimbo idzodzo apo mhete dzenzou dzomukumbo dzinoratidzwa zvakasimba zvikuru. Kuti uwane huwandu hwakakwana hwemabasa evanhu, ngationgororei zvikamu zvebazi rekutanga.

The cecum

Iri munzvimbo yakarurama iriac peritoneum, inenge yakareba 3 kusvika 10 cm uye yakafanana nehomwe. Kubva kumashure kwezvinyorwa zvinowedzera. Masvingo eececum anochengetedza enzyme, semuenzaniso secretin, nemhaka yekuti chyme inogadzirwa. Kubudirira kwekuwedzera mvura kunowanikwawo.

Chirevo chechirevo chechiwedzera chinonzi appendix chine micro-nodules iyo inogadzira zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri. Uyewo mairi kune kuwedzera kushandiswa kunobatsira microflora. Chirwere chinowanzovhiringidzika chechikanda chinosanganisira typhlitis, appendicitis, tumors uye polyps.

Kukwidza uye kutenderera kwekoni

Izvo zviri kuenderera mberi kwececum uye hazvigadziri maitiro ezvokudya, asi zvinongobatanidzwa mukunwa kwemvura uye munyu mhinduro. Izvi zvinotungamirira pakuwedzerwa kwechiyme uye nekugadzirwa kwemarara kubva mairi. Iyo intara huru, iyo inoshandiswa kunyanya kubudiswa kwezvokudya zvisingaverengeki, yakakotama: yakarurama (hepatic) uye yakasara (splenic), inotaura nezvechitenderedzwa chekoroni. Basa rayo nderekugadzirwa kwemanzi uye kushandiswa kwemvura uye electrolytes. Zvirwere zvinosangana nekwenyuchi inokwira zvinosanganisira diverticulosis, polyposis, megacolon (Hirschsprung's disease), chirwere.

Ichitsinhanho chekoni ine urefu hukuru. Kubva kumusoro, inosangana nechiropa, chirwere chenduru, spleen nomuswe chikamu chepancreas. Masvingo aro anoenderera mberi kuisa mukasi uye kudira mvura uye mineral salt.

Kuchengetedza mumukati mukuru

Inoitwa nekuda kwemakemikari emuviri wemukumbo: cathepsin, peptidase, lipase, amylase. Basa ravo rinenge ka2002 pasi pfupi kupfuura iro remakemikari anokwana emukati mudumbu. Icho chinhu chakakosha zvikuru. Kuti nzira dzekuchenesa mumatumbo makuru dzinoda kuvapo kweprobiotiki-mapoka emakiromita anokonzera cellulose. Izvi zvinosanganisira bifidobacteria, lactobacilli.

Mumuviri mukuru, masero avo ose ndeye 3-5 kg uye anonzi mudumbu microflora. Inowedzera kuchengetedza kwemuviri wemukumbo, inokanganisa protein-mineral metabolism, inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwehutachiona. Iyo mumukati huru, iyo mabasa atakagara ataura, inonzi physiologically inonzwisisika, kana iri mumasabolism ayo mashandisirwo ekuvirisa uye kuora kunokwana. Pangokunge kuumbwa kwe microflora kuchinja (somuenzaniso, kana zvikafu zvekudya kana semagumisiro emishonga, kunyanya mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya), mabhakitiriya anoiswa pasi anoshandiswa uye zvirwere zvinoitika: colitis, dysbacteriosis, dyspepsia.

Kunyorera uye sigmoid colon

Munharaunda ye splenic flexure kune chikamu chinenge masendimita makumi matatu, umo maitiro ekunyanya kwemvura uye electrolytes uye kufamba kwechigaro zviri kuramba zvichiitika. Inonzi inodonha colon. Panzvimbo yekona ye bonei yakachengeta iri chikamu chayo, iyo ine sphincter yeBally. Zvadaro, funga kuti chii chakaitwa mumatumbo makuru muchikamu chekupedzisira chetoni, inonzi sigmoid colon. Icho chikamu chikamu famba. Kana, panguva yekurova kwake, kugunun'una kunonzwika, zvinoreva kuti kune kuvhiringidza mu sigmoid colon, pamwe chete nekuunganidza kwezvinhu zviri mumvura uye gasi. Muchiri, semunharaunda inoshanduka, kazhinji pane kuderera kwe peristalsis, iyo inotungamirira kuchiitiko chekudzivirirwa-kunonoka kwepasipo kwekuzvidzivirira. Iko mumatare aya ayo emukati makuru, ayo anoshandiswa - kutakura uye kubuda kwezvinhu zvinokonzera chepfu - inogadzira zvigaro zvevanhu, izvo zvino zvinopinda mu rectum.

Kuita zvechisimba kwechikamu chechimiro chiine migumisiro yakakomba yehutano hwevanhu. Kana ichitsemuka (colitis kana sigmoiditis), chirwere uye marwadzo anorwadza muruboshwe rwechipiri rwe peritoneum anoonekwa. Izvo zvinowirirana nekubhururuka uye kubata. Kupera kwechimiro chechimiro chependulum uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro mu sigimoid colon kunogona kuomeswa nehupenyu hwokugara, kudya kwakashata, kushaya fiber uye michina yemiti. Mugumisiro wezvinetso izvi ndeyekudzivirira, izvo zvinotungamirira kudhakwa kwehupenyu hwose. Muchikamu che sigmoid colon, kuumbwa kwezvimedu zve-hernial-like-protrusions, zvinotungamirira mukusimudzirwa kwe diverticulosis. Inowanzova yakajairika muhuchembera, pamwe chete nehasha dzinotapira chirwere. Zviratidzo zvaro zvinoshandura kuvhara uye kuvhara, kusuruvara, fivha. Chirwere ichi chinogona kunge chakaoma nechosefu uye chinonyanya kuipa.

Rectum

Iri ndiro dhipatimendi rekupedzisira rekudya gorosi. Dina yake inosvika masendimita 15. Utumbo hukuru, uyo anoshanda mune chikamu chemukati wematumbo ndeyekubvisa chigadziko, anoguma nemugwagwa wakare uye unotanga kuzarura. Iyo rectum ine sphincters: yekutanga pamuganhu ne sigimoid colon, inotevera mitatu inonzi inotaridzika, mukati uye inopindira kunze. Zvose zvavo vanobatana muhutano hwemamiriro ehupenyu hwekuzvidzivirira. Mucherechedzo weiyo rectum ine mahwendefa ane zvinyorwa zvinonzi anal sinuses.

Pakati pavo uye muvheti wakazarura kune rimwe annular site - hemorrhoidal zone. Mariri, zvichienderana ne-submucosal layer, kushandiswa kwechidiki uye kushanduka kwemukati mutsara, masero machena ane mawere emakemikari uye mitsipa, inogoneka. Mvura yepamusoro yepamusoro haina magetsi, saka masvingo ayo anowanzowedzera - izvi zvinotungamirira kukura uye kuonekwa kwehemorrhoidal cones. I-lymphatic system ye rectum inobatanidzwa mukudzivirira uye inodzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona.

Muchikamu chino, takadzidza chimiro nemabasa ekutanga emakoloni.