DSLR-kamera - chii ichi? Overview, features, zvakanakira zvinhu

Kana uchifunga kuti simba renyu tsindirana kamera iwe woga, pane zvikonzero zvakakwana kuti kuteerera DSLR-kamera. Ano Namano hombe mufananidzo sensors, mukuru optics, akasimba Chinyorwa chidhiraivho, nani kuita uye pakawanda pamusoro kuchinjaniswa lenses. Zvisinei, ichi functionality zvose zvokuwedzera zvinodhura, uye mutengo digital SLR kamera anogona kukura, kunyanya pashure kuzviwanira zvimwe nenhumbi.

Uyezve, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti mari iri paakapiwa mu DSLR-kamera. Kana mudziyo wokutanga waiva Canon, zviri zvikuru zvichida kuti rinotevera richava muenzaniso kubva chete mugadziri, kuti varambe kukwanisa kushandisa lenses vakura uye nenhumbi. Pano zvinokosha zvinhu kufunga kana kutenga digital SLR kamera, uye mazita pamusoro-yavose sezvavakatarirwa zvivezwa huripo nhasi.

Understanding Switch saizi

Most nevatengi SLR achishandisa mufananidzo sensors, ane kukura kunyange zvikuru kupfuura kuti kwakajairika digitaalinen makamera, asi duku zvishoma pane 35mm firimu puranga. Zvingava Avhiringidzika pavanenge kutaura kusango nemaonero kamera, sezvo zvatichiri urefu kuti compacts zvinowanzotaurwa zvichienzaniswa 35-mm nerokuti. Standard Switch APS-C ane 1.5-mudanga "chirimwa factor". Izvi zvinoreva kuti 18-55 mm izvo kuti unouya DSLRs dzakawanda Rinotaura 35mm munda maonero yakaenzana 27-82,5 mm. Izvi anoenzanisa ane 3X Zoom izvo munhuwo kamera ane zvatichiri kureba 28 mm.

In hombe Switch rakanakira zvakawanda. Kunoitawo kuti kudzora zviri nani ukuru munda mufananidzo - isolated chinhu uye kuumba Blurred background. Izvi zvinowanzooneka kunzi Japanese rokuti "bokeh". Its zvichinzi sezvo zvikuru, asi Kazhinji ndechokuti zvimwe chiedza weveta chizvaro kuti dziwande inotaura diaphragm aperture kana uwandu kakawanda f, zvikuru Blurred kumashure kunogona kuwanikwa. Gogorosi ane kunonyanyisa aperture kuti f / 1,4 skips mamwe 8 nguva chiedza pane f / 4, uye zvinogona kuumba dzisinganyudze kudzama kusango nenguva akaenzana zvatichiri urefu uye kupfura kure.

Chimwe chikonzero kuti zvinokosha kumisa kusarudza iri hombe Switch - ndiko kuti kuderedza mufananidzo ruzha. 20-megapixel DSLR ane zvakawanda pixels zhinji kupfuura kwakajairika kamera pamwe chete resolution. Izvi kubvumira pixels hombe akasiyira yepamusoro aikanganiswa pamusoro Switch sezvo akayera mu digitaalinen muchimiro sezvo ISO, pamwe yakaderera ruzha mufananidzo. The mukana mukuru pamusoro nzvimbo iri pakuti Kuchinja ruvara kana Kupenya zvikuru zvishoma nezvishoma pane mu "Sipo". Izvi zvinoita kuti vabudirire zvoga mifananidzo mukuru pfungwa udzamu.

renguva furemu Camera

Vamwe SLR DSLR-kamera (Canon EOS 6D) vari vakapakata sensors kuti vakaenzana kukura 35mm firimu. Izvi renguva furemu mano vanowanzova anodhura pane vazvo pamwe APS-C chizvaro. Kana mune ramangwana vavariro kuenda zvizere puranga, vanofanira kungwarira kana kutenga lenses. Vamwe vavo zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa ne APS-C. Canon anodana ayo nemutsara gododd-S APS-C-izvo, uye izvo kufukidza zvizere puranga, rinonzi ef. Nikon DSLR-makamera vanoshandisa yakafanana nzira, zvichiratidza "vakagadzira" optics Tikafunga yori, munhu azere muviri - FX. Sony lenses avo APS-C anowedzera pakunzi DT, uye Pentax DA anovadana.

Kusarudza kamera

Zvakakosha kusarudza kamera kuti vakasununguka muruoko. Kunyange zvazvo DSLRs vakawanda akafanana pakukura uye basa, manyorerwo mubato, chinzvimbo chidhiraivho, uye zvimwe ergonomic zvinhu zvingasiyana yekudyidzana.

The vakasarudzwa digitaalinen DSLR kamera kunofanira kupfuura hwomutambarakede kushandisa. Kana zvinondiremera guru kana duku kuva akasununguka, kana chidhiraivho haana papi sezvo vangada mushandisi ichi, mikana vari hamungavatongi kukwanisa kunakidzwa vaipfura zvakakwana.

gogorosi Reflex viewfinder

By tsanangudzo DSLR nayo ane Manyiminya viewfinder kuti anoratidza mufananidzo akatapwa kamera izvo, asi havasi vose zvakafanana. The girazi anorayira chiedza kune rimwe maviri marudzi viewfinders. Wokutanga vavo - pentamirror - kazhinji kuwanikwa musi kupinda-pamwero mano, dzakadai Canon EOS Rebel SL1 aikosha 549,00 madhora kana Nikon D5500. In kwakadai viewfinder zvifananidzo zvinoshandiswa Redirect 3 nezvionioni ari Ziso mifananidzo, uyo akashandura pamusoro kuitira kuti zvinoitika kuva akarurama, kusiyana ive inverted mufananidzo pamusoro Switch muupenyu chaihwo.

pentaprism

The mhando chechipiri viewfinder DSLR-kamera - munhu pentaprism. Zviri yakasimba regirazi prism, izvo anoita chinhu chimwe chete sezvo pentamirror. Chokutanga, sezvo ushe, zvairema uye chaikunda wechipiri. General Kupenya hwezvekukurukurirana kuti kugadzira mapango okuvaka mifananidzo uye anobvumira kuti zvirinani nechokwadi kuti mufananidzo uri kukoshesa. Pentaprism tinotanga azviise pezana-siyana SLR makamera dzakadai EOS Canon 80D kukosha 1199,00 US madhora, uye ndiwo mutemo nenyanzvi mafomu dzakadai Canon EOS-1d X Mark II (5999,00 madhora). Pentax K-70 - mumwe shoma kupinda-pamwero yokutevedzera pamwe viewfinder kwakadai, izvo ane zana muzana nhau. Izvi kamera inokwanisika ane rizere encapsulation dzokushandisa kuchinaya kana chando mazuva.

Zvinofanira zvakare kuteerera kuwedzera chikamu pamatanda uye kufukidza sezvo zvinopa pfungwa chaiko kukura mufananidzo uye unoratidza sei rakawanda rakundwa mufananidzo anogona kuonekwa. Vacho zviri nani kutsvaka kunonyanyisa nhamba.

Munogonawo: EVF

A vashoma SLR makamera kutengeswa anopa yechitatu chisarudzo viewfinder - zvemagetsi. Sony DSLR-kamera pamwe wakaiswa semitransparent nezvionioni, akadai Alpha 77 II, dzimwe nguva aitaura SLT. Pane redirecting chiedza mumaziso ake, iye anoyeuka motokari pfungwa Switch. Kana mushandisi haisi kuisa kune Manyiminya viewfinder, makamera izvi zvinokosha kuti. Kunyange flagship renguva furemu Sony Alpha 99 anoshandisa kukosha 1998 zvamadhora OLED EVF, eschewing girazi pentaprism, zvakajairika dzimwe renguva pepuranga SLR Camera. Kana nzira iri rakakodzera, unogona zvakare kuongorora uye mirrorless kamera - kupetura muenzaniso pamwe chete Switch kukura kwakaita DSLR-anobatsira, asi pasina girazi kuti akagadzirwa zvakafanana mufananidzo zvinopinda kamera wako nguva chaiyo.

enderera kupfura

Tichienzanisa kwakajairika digitaalinen namano DSLR-kamera - zviri zvakare kumhanya. The nguva pakati vachisundira shutter bhatani uye rokutora mufananidzo, akadana shutter lag, uye nguva pakati kwepfuti kazhinji dambudziko tsindirana Camera. SLR Makamera vanowanzotevedzera pfungwa nokukurumidza, uye shutter lag navo anenge imperceptible. Kuramba kupfura unotaurwa mapuranga pasekondi yoga yoga. Tinofanira kutsvaka kamera kuti anogona kupfura 3 K / s, kunyange zvazvo yemitambo Photographers uye zvakasikwa vanofanira kuva midziyo akakunda kutsanya 5 K / s.

autofocus havukavu

Chokwadi, motokari pfungwa hurongwa vanofanira kufambirana furemu unodiwa. Basic SLR Makamera dzakadai Nikon D3300, kazhinji vashomanana AF pfungwa, zvichiita kuti zviome chamber zvinhu zvinofamba.

Pamatunhu-mugumo makamera Canon 7D Mark II uye Nikon D500 AF pfungwa kufukidza chikamu chikuru pamatanda, achivaita favorite vanoita basa kutora mifananidzo yetumedu dzemitambo nemhuka. Kuramba Shooting AF uye zvinofambirana, saka zvakakosha kutsvaka kamera ine waivako kwakakwanira izvi parameters maviri.

Pamberi chidzitiro uye HD-video

Video kutsikisa zvino mureza kuchiitwa SLR Camera. Tinofanira kutarisa kuti munhu anoramba ari autofocus panguva yakarekodwa. Unofanirawo tarisa kumhanya motokari pfungwa kana kupfura mu mhenyu maonero muoti, sezvo kakawanda kunogona kuva anononoka chaizvo. Canon akaita mberi kuwedzera kumhanya autofocus Paanenge achinyora vhidhiyo mune mienzaniso T6s uye 70D, mumwe Sony kamera chikuru sezvo nokukurumidza apo pakunyora video, uyewo kana kutora mifananidzo yetumedu. Kana mushandisi iri kuronga kushandisa vhidhiyo kazhinji, zvakakosha kuvapo maikorofoni chiyamuro Jack - kunze kuchapisa nani zvikuru pane yakavakwa.

telephoto neLens

Most itsva digitaalinen SLR rubatsiro vanoshandisa havasi kuenda kunotenga mamwe optics, asi kune vaya kuti zvakakodzera kuwedzera mureza. Chokutanga, kuwedzera kune mwero 18-55 mm telephoto izvo anosarudzwa. Rinoshandiswa, sezvo mutemo, shanduka Zoom, kutanga pana 55 mm uye kupedza ne 200 mm kana 300 mm kuti ichabereka kupfuura anofungidzirwa refu kwepfuti. Plan mari nokuti optics dzakadaro vanofanira kupa 200-300 US madhora.

35mm gogorosi

Chimwe yakakurumbira mhando optics ndiwo uchitsanya, ane zvakajairika angled chikuru izvo. ari Zoom lenses vasati vava nevakawanda, firimu SLR makamera kazhinji inopiwa ne optics 50 mm f / 2. Pamusana Switch seduku nevatengi SLR nhasi, ichi unoenderana 35 mm f / 2.

Standard angled anopa munda maonero, inova anenge indistinguishable mumaziso evanhu, uye kubvumira zvakasimba aperture kupfura mu pasi chiedza ezvinhu, uyewo agopfigira chinhu nokuda blurring necheseri. Zvichienderana DSLR-kamera mutengo lenses izvi zvinogona siyana, asi zvinotarisirwa kuti zvichave zviri zvinobva 175 kusvika 350 US madhora.

zvekunze mbaravara

Pasinei chokwadi kuti mutengi SLR makamera kazhinji vane pakuvara isipi, Photographers vakawanda vanosarudza zvikuru simba kwokunze namano. Ivo emit zvakawanda chiedza, uye kazhinji vanogona vachida kubvumira okuvhenekesa ari chinhu kuti kushandiswa airatidza chiedza. Dauka mbaravara kure pasirin'i kujekesa rose mukamuri unogona kubudirira uchibatsirwa zano rinokosha, asi regai kudhonza-maitiro DSLR-kamera. Zvichienderana zvinodiwa simba uchiraira nguva uye mukana wakashandiswa kutamisa kwokunze nokupenya kunogona 150 kusvika 500 US madhora.

zvekunze nhoo

Monitor nokuti DSLR-kamera anobvisa kuitwa chidzitiro duku necheseri eDare kamera, izvo haabvumiri yakarurama kutaura panguva kupfura, kuti tirambe tichifambirana chiziviso pfungwa huru uye mimvuri, kuchinjira chena pachiyero uye vachipfura guru akachinjikana.

stabilizer

Stabilizer DSLR-kamera - zano kuti zvichaita fambisa pasingadiwi. Somuenzaniso, imwe triaxial DJI Ronin-M pamwe wemagetsi kuturika nokuda makamera yairema kusvika 3,6 makirogiramu. Inopa rusununguko mifananidzo zvachose paaishanda pane kwepfuti nokuda 6 kwemaawa - nguva ino, bhatiri upenyu pamusoro chete bhatiri mutariri. Zvaringana kugadzirisa kamera uye kuubata, uye akavaka-mu processor inobudisa unodikanwa pazviruva. Kururama 0.02 ° kugutsa zvikuru zvakawandisa nenyanzvi.

Uyezve, kure stabilizer kuzvidzora Via Makaralı uye zvikumbiro iOS. Akatsigira DJI LightBridge module kuti transmits vhidhiyo pane chinhambwe 1.5? Km.

bhegi

Chimwe zvakafanira chishongedzo - bhegi nokuda DSLR-kamera. Sony LCS-BDF Somuenzaniso, uri nyore uye chiine nyaya wakabata kamera, Zoom izvo uye yokuwedzera optics. Yepasi Homwe ari mberi zvakagadzirirwa chokufambisa uye kuchengetera siyana venhau, filters uye zvichingodaro. N. Pane chimwezve muhomwe pamusoro musana uye fudzi ngaasungirire munyoro bvisika lining.