"Doctor Zhivago": nhoroondo yokusika. Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago": pfupiso

Mumwedzi mishoma iri hondo, Boris Pasternak kazhinji vakakokwa Moscow University, iri Polytechnic Museum uye Imba Scientists, apo akaverenga pachena nhetembo dzake. Saka, wakatarisira kuti mukukunda chinokosha nezvainoita zvematongerwo enyika. Asi mwoyo wake shungu kwakamirira: kudenha ari Writers Union vatungamiriri mberi. Aisagona kumukanganwira kuramba kukurumbira pakati vaverengi dzavatorwa.

Kutanga pamusoro yokufungidzira

Pfungwa yokufungidzira "Doctor Zhivago", nhoroondo yakatanga panguva chaipo pakutanga okusika nzira Pasternak, refu kuumbwa mupfungwa Nyanduri. Asi kuwa 1945, kuunganidzwa yose yakavezwa, pfungwa, intonation, akaona kuti akanga agadzirira kutanga basa musi chigadzirwa. Uye rangano yakabuda pachena kudaro chete mutsetse, kuti mudetembi aitarisira kuti Pakunyora yokufungidzira Achatora mwedzi mishomanana.

Tinogona kutaura kuti muna February 1946 rinomirira kutanga basa musi yokufungidzira kubva Pasternak. Pashure pezvose, kana zvakanyorwa mashoko nhetembo "Hamlet", kuvhura yokupedzisira chitsauko "Doctor Zhivago."

A chitsauko chokutanga yakagadzirira muna August. Akaverenga shamwari dzake dzepedyo. Asi musi August 14, vakauya "zvikuru" Mutongo reCentral Committee of CPSU (b) ne "Star" magazini uye "Leningrad". Pasinei chokwadi kuti hapana zvakananga ukama Pasternak rakanga (izvozvo zvakakanganisa kutapwa Anna Akhmatova uye Zoshchenko), chiitiko ichi kwakapiwa pave itsva ose kurwa "ideologically mutorwa" pedyo hachishandi. More ake ezvinhu akanga zvinowedzerwa apo norunyerekupe pamusoro zvaibvira nomination kuti Pasternak kuti candidacy nokuda Nobel Prize.

Ushande chitsauko chokutanga

Zvisinei, munyori haana kurega basa. The nganonyorwa "Doctor Zhivago" Pasternak unotakurwa saka kure pakazopera December, zvitsauko zvakawanda maviri apera. maviri A pakutanga rewritten pamusoro kopi yakachena, izvo machira akanga crosslinked mukabhuku.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti zita yokutanga yakanga yakasiyana :. "Boys uye Girls ' Saka munyori akataura basa rake tanga kukura. Zvakanga chete rondedzero enhoroondo mufananidzo Russia rokutanga yezana XX remakore, asi kuratidzwa kuzviitira pfungwa panzvimbo Pasternak yomunhu ari kukura kwenyika, unyanzvi uye zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Uyewo 1946 mudetembi akasangana nemumwe mukadzi aiva rudo rwake ichangoburwa. Yakanga Olga Ivinskaya. Pakutanga rudo, iye akashanda se Secretary. Hedges akanga ezvakawanda pakati. Njodzi iyi kare uye ano upenyu ezvinhu. murume Ivinskaya wokutanga vakazviuraya, wechipiri, zvakare, akanga afa. A Pasternak panguva yakanga Wechipiri nguva, akava nevana.

Rudo rwavo rwakanga pasinei zvose. Kakawanda vakagovana nokusingaperi, asi kurarama kunze uye vakasagona. Pasternak pachake akabvuma kuti akanga Olga Maitiro akaita paakapiwa ari mufananidzo heroine of yokufungidzira - Lara Guichard.

zororo

Kuoma mamiriro ezvemari waitwa Pasternak kuti vasavhiringidza basa iri yokufungidzira "Doctor Zhivago". History rezvisikwa akaramba kwegore, 1948. Uye yose 1947 rokutanga kushandurirwa mudetembi, nekuti aifanira kupa kwete iye chete, asiwo vose vaya kutarisira mumwe nokuzvidira vachisimudza pamafudzi avo. mhuri iyi pachake, uye Nina Tabidze (mudzimai vaidzvinyirirwa nyanduri vokuGeorgia), Ariadne uye Anastasiya Tsvetaevy (mwanasikana uye hanzvadzi nyanduri), uye chirikadzi Andrei Bely, uye pakupedzisira vana Olga Ivinskaya.

Muzhizha 1948 kunyorwa chitsauko rechina yokufungidzira. Panguva iyo munyori wakaisa chokupedzisira zita chigadzirwa: ". Doctor Zhivago" Zviri kare muronga chikamu, zvakare, vanekodzero.

Uyezve, atoteverawo refu kumbozorora. Akanga aishamwaridzana, kutanga, pamwe Olga Ivinskaya nokusungwa umo Pasternak mhosva pachake. Chechipiri, pamwe kukura kudzvinyirirwa pake.

Akapedza chitsauko wechinomwe chete muchirimo 1952. Mumatsutso rakadhindwa pasina padzimwe. Saka kupera basa bhuku rekutanga "Doctor Zhivago" yokufungidzira. Zvarakanyorwa Mazuva mashoma gare gare kutendera munhu myocardial infarction, rave muchipatara uye ari muchipatara kwemwedzi anopfuura maviri. Ikoko, sapamazuva dzinonetsa ezvinhu, pakarepo akanzwa ari pedyo noMusiki. Kunzwa uku zvakakanganisa kufara nemabasa ake.

Pashure Stalin afa uye Beria kuti kuurayiwa kwaiva kuoneka Kwemitambo mabhuku upenyu. Hongu, uye Boris Pasternak perk, kunyanya sezvo Olga Ivinskaya akadzoka kubva mumisasa. Muna 1954 akabudisa nhetembo gumi konekwa yokufungidzira.

Pakupera "Doctor Zhivago"

In kuwa 1954, Pasternak uye Ivinskaya patsva ushamwari. Summer 1955 Olga wakaitwa pedyo Peredelkino. Pane kudaro vakahaya sedumba wake. Aisagona chaizvo kusiya mhuri yake. Anoshushikana ane saregerereka pfungwa mhosva kune wake akatungamirira upenyu huviri. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Olga akapotsa zvachose aidaro mari, nyaya uye kutsikisa mabasa Pasternak. Zvino kuti p aiva nguva yakawanda okugadzira zvinhu. Muna July, akanga atova kushanda imwe epilogue. The kupedza unobatwa zvakaitwa kusvikira pakuguma 1955.

The mberi njodzi yokufungidzira

Hwokuda mazvake mafungiro, Pasternak rinopa chinyorwa pamusoro yokufungidzira panguva iyo vaparidzi vaviri. Kuti vazive Boris Leonidovich akapa kukambani yacho dzomupepanhau redhiyo, Italian Sergio D'Angelo, uyo aiva chikamu-nguva mabhuku mumiririri Giangiacomo Feltrinelli muparidzi. Ungangove, saka chokwadi ichi aizivikanwa. Nokukurumidza iye akagamuchira anokarirwa nhau kubva muparidzi Italian uyo aida kubudisa yokufungidzira. Pasternak akabvuma, asi aiva nechokwadi kuti nyika yake yaakaberekerwa nokukurumidza kubudisa basa rake ( "Doctor Zhivago"). Nhoroondo yokufungidzira anonakidza saka, kuti uzere dzinokanganisa uye muchichinjana. Hapana magazini havana kupa mhinduro, uye muna September Pasternak akagamuchira chakarongwa kuramba kuzivisa imba "World New."

Mudetembi haana kurega uye zvichiri vakatenda kubudirira itsva kumba. Zvechokwadi, Goslitizdat akabvuma bhuku racho rinonzi "Doctor Zhivago". Asi chiitiko pachayo yakanonoka nokuda vakawanda yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita uye vapepeti pfari. Pakarepo, imwe ndima shoma uye zvitsauko zviviri "Doctor Zhivago" rakabudiswa magazini Polish Opinie. Izvi zvakanga pakutanga kwamakuhwa. On Pasternak yakapwanyika, kumanikidzwa kuti mubve acho kubva Feltrinelli. Boris Leonidovich akatuma teregiramu muparidzi Italian, apo kunodiwa kudzoka mashoko ari yokufungidzira. Zvisinei, shure shure Writers 'Union Pasternak panguva transmits ari Feltrinelli pamusoro racho yokufungidzira "Doctor Zhivago". Munyori akapa mvumo kuna epakutanga.

Kunyange kutaura mukuru aitambudza Pasternak, A. Surkov, pamwe Italian haana kushandura sarudzo kubudisa yokufungidzira. Uyewo mune dzimwe nyika tiri kare kugadzirira kusunungura makopi basa yokutanga.

Western pavakanzwa yokufungidzira "Doctor Zhivago". History chokusika kwaguma norufu

Western vatsoropodzi maitiro yakanga resonant, kuti Pasternak aida zvakare kuisa mberi nokuda Nobel Prize. Munyori yakanga chaizvo akakurudzirwa pfungwa vaverengi vavatorwa nomufaro sei tsamba ichibva pose. October 23, 1958, akagamuchira teregiramu pamwe mashoko award Nobel mubayiro uye kukokwa kuti mharidzo yake.

Zviri pachena kuti Writers 'Union rukavhundusa rwendo, uye Pasternak akagamuchira zvakananga kuti kuramba mubairo. Pasternak haana kugamuchira padzakanzwa izvi, uye somugumisiro, akanga adzingwa Nhengo Union of Soviet Writers.

The wokupedzisira mutsetse

Boris Leonidovich akanga saka kusakadzwa mupfungwa uye vakauya zvokuti achiri achinja pfungwa dzake uye akaramba mubairo. Asi izvi hazvina kuderedza yakawanda kuti kutsamwa mashoko pamusoro pake. Mudetembi aiziva kuti wokupomera ichi adzore zvakatonyanya mutsekwende iye. Akatambudzwa chaizvo. Manzwiro akataura imwe okupedzisira nhetembo dzake. detembo iri raiva mhinduro dzose nokurwiswa uye hasha kukurukurirana. Asi panguva yokupedzisira mitsetse zvakataurwa zvakare pamusoro wacho: kuregawo pamwe Olga, nokuti yaakanga vaida.

Nokukurumidza Pasternak aiva nechirwere chomwoyo. Uye vhiki nhatu pashure, May 30, 1960, Boris Leonidovich akafa.

Upenyu Fate Pasternak ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza munhoroondo mabhuku edu, rayo nhamo uye heroism.

Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago": pfupiso

The nganonyorwa rinorondedzera zviitiko makore 1903-1929. The protagonist ari chiremba. Uyu munhu ane maonero okusika chaizvo uye dzinonakidza hunhu. Nezvinetso zvoupenyu akabata naye achiri muduku, apo pakutanga baba vake vakasiya mhuri, gare gare vakazviuraya, uye pazera remakore 11, akarasikirwa naamai vake. Iye, chokwadi, ndizvo Dr. Zhivago. Yuri Zhivago akararama nguva chaizvo, asi mupfumi chaizvo upenyu. Upenyu hwake hwaiva nevakadzi vashoma, asi rudo chete chete. Zita rake raiva Lara Guichard. Fate akamupa kanguva kuti pamwe. Zvakandiomera nguva, mitoro kune vamwe vanhu, mamiriro ezvinhu oupenyu - zvose kwaipesana rudo rwavo. Yuri akafa muna 1929 nechirwere chomwoyo. Asi gare gare anowana stepbrother kurekodha ake uye nhetembo anoumba chokupedzisira yokufungidzira.

On zvarongwa mutsara yokufungidzira dzinongoita kuchinjwa chokwadi chakaoma sei kunyora basa rake, Boris Pasternak. "Doctor Zhivago", pfupiso asingasvavi kupedza manzwiro basa iri guru, kudziya chaizvo, rakagamuchirwa kuMadokero uye saka noutsinye nekurambwa Soviet Union. Naizvozvo, Russian ose anofanira kuverenga ichi yokufungidzira anoshamisa, uye vanonzwa mweya vanhu Russian.