Decontamination - chii ichi? Sei, nezvinhu zvinoreva uye nzira vaiita nemekiyuri decontamination kana mwaranzi?

Radioactive zvinhu zviri manyowa zvibereko zvimwe zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana. Havana chete vane tigume muviri, asi vakasiya mucherechedzo wake mumhepo kwemakore akawanda. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo kuora radioactive ane mabhomba simba chirimwa muna paChernobyl. Pasinei remoteness yacho, pedo neguta achiri kutambudzika ikoroji. Nokuda kwechirwere radioactive nezvimedu vachiberekwa malformations nevana, vanhu vakawanda vari utachiwana nemwaranzi kurwara. Kuitira kudzivisa migumisiro yakaipa, zvinokosha kuti tiite decontamination. Kunogona kuitwa nhau zvose (mhepo, mvura) pa pemvura chinhu, pamusoro muviri womunhu uye zvichingodaro. D.

Decontamination - chii ichi?

Kubva Latin rakashandurwa se "kungopeta maoko". Asi zvikuru inoramba kujeka, decontamination - chii ichi. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa dzakawanda, zvisinei, zviri chokuita radioactive zvinhu zvakananga. Saka chii anoita shoko iri rinoreva? Decontamination - muitiro kutsvaira chero radioactive chete chinhu. Inokuvadza nezvimedu ungagadzirisa panzvimbo ipi. Kazhinji ivo vanowana mvura pamusoro, miti, dzimba, paganda, etc. chikuru nemwaranzi kuzara nzvimbo - .. Air, naro mamorekuru kune vamwe. Kubva musi uyu, ari deactivation - ndiyo disinfection kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuwedzera radioactive zvinokuvadza, kuti nzira kusvibisa mhepo, uye zvinogona kunzi anokuvadza zvine maatomu akafanana, somuenzaniso nemekiyuri.

Nzira dzekufambisa decontamination

Mufambiro decontamination muitiro unogona kuva siyana.

nzira yokutanga kunosanganisira zvokuimba kubviswa zvinokuvadza. Zviri nyore uye inokwanisika. Zvokuimba decontamination rinoitwa achibatsirwa kugadzirwa zvinoreva, kazhinji mumusha. Nemhaka nzira iyi, unogona kubvisa radioactive nezvimedu kubva hukawanika veimba zvinhu, masvingo, mahwindo, uriri, nezvifambiso uye zvichingodaro. D. Pasinei nokuti nzira iri kushandiswa kakawanda kuzvishandisa ngozi nguva dzose. Kuita zvokuimba decontamination mari nokungwarira akaipisisa, apo kupedza sezvo shoma nguva sezvinobvira. Izvi imhaka yokuti vanhu vapinda zvakananga nevanhu ngozi zvinhu, izvo ngozi kwete chete neVadzidzi ganda, asi kunyange mudenga, zvavakanga vakazadza.

nzira wechipiri physico-makemikari deactivation. Ndizvo zvakafanana mumutsetse wokutanga, asi ane zvishoma musiyano. Kana tichiita ayo kushandiswa chaiyo mhinduro kuti vakwanise nokukurumidza uye nani kubvisa nezvimedu dzinokuvadza.

Chii chinodiwa kuti decontamination?

Kuti aite decontamination kwezvakatipoteredza, unofanira chaiyo Inventory. deactivation zvinoreva vanosarudzwa zvichienderana ayo mhando. In zvokuimba nzira chokubvisa nezvimedu zvinokuvadza vakashandisa zvinhu zvinodiwa rokuchenesa imba. Wachenesa pemvura midziyo, mapuriro uye masvingo kunogona ane vacuum, mamvemve, mutsvairo, brushes siyana uye sechipanji. Kubviswa Zvinosvibisa kubva nguvo uchishandisa mvura inoyerera. Kana kuita panyama-makemikari decontamination kushandisa Nezvakakuyiwa, tafura munyu, oxalic kana sulfuric acid, kubika pasoda hydrogen peroxide nevamwe disinfecting mhinduro. Yeuka kuti, zvisinei rudzii zvinokuvadza fuma kupinda zvakatipoteredza, inofanira decontaminated chaihwo nguo. Mumaoko kuva simba rabha Magorovhosi Chipfeko, chiso - Mask kana unomubatsira kufema. Pasina kudiwa kupfeka rimwe gauze bhandeji zvinosanganisira anoverengeka akaturikidzana. Clothes vanofanira kukanda pamusoro rinokosha suit kana gown. Yaibatsira sezvo rabha majombo.

Chii decontamination kuti radioactive zvinhu?

Rakajairika nezvimedu zvinokuvadza vanoonekwa kuti manyowa zvibereko zvine maatomu akafanana. Vane deleterious zvainoita muviri nokuda yokuti vane kukwanisa radioactive mwaranzi. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuvapo kwemakore akawanda mumhepo, saka kukuvadza zvavanoita anodzokororwa. Zvinoenderana Nenguva uye unhu decontamination nemwaranzi kunodikanwa kuitira kuti vadzivise nemwaranzi kurwara. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kuitira wandei munguva pfupi haangavi zvichibvira, saka chinhu chokutanga chinodiwa kutama vanhu vari nengozi. Irradiation zvikuru chikamu kwezvakatipoteredza rwunotumirwa zvakakanganisa nzvimbo specialized chikwata, ndiko kuti kuitisa deactivation. zvinhu zvakajeka zvakanga radioactive nezvimedu anogona kuva nenzira ipi, asi tinoratidza kushandisa zvose zvemaziso uye mumuviri decontamination nokuti unhu kugadziriswa. Kuti avabvise kubva mumhepo, zvinoda kufefetedza nepamahwindo, nemikova, kuvapo vent, kugadzwa anokosha filters.

disinfection mvura

Contact pamwe anokuvadza vamiririri iri mvura pamusoro kungava zvikurukuru kana kechipiri. Kana mvura yakanga kwakasvibiswa pakutanga, kupararira radioactive zvinhu zvisina kukodzera, saka zvinokosha kuti vaone dzavo pamwero munzvimbo dzakawanda. Re-pangapindwapo anotora nzvimbo nevasori anokuvadza kubva mumhepo, muchiitiko ichi anokuvadza vamiririri iri yose pamusoro. Decontamination nemvura achishandisa sedimentation, DISTILLATION, filtration uye flocculation. nzira The rokutanga nyore, asi chete anobvumira kubvisa insoluble zvinhu. Kana coagulating ivhu, phosphates kana pasoda dota hwakazotevera sedimentation zvikuru hunobudirira. Rinokosha yokunatsa anogona kuitwa inonzwika apo mvura nejecha, mavhu kana ivhu. Chinonyanya Qualitative nzira iri DISTILLATION, riri kuitwa kuburikidza imwe Ion Exchange nebwe. Nzira iyi inobvumira kuti mvura yakachena zvakakwana pashamwari inoramba.

nemekiyuri decontamination

Inokuvadza ehupfumi ane makemikari akawanda. Mercury ndeimwe rakajairika yekutapurira nevasori, sezvo ari anenge ose musha. Rinoshandiswa zvokurapa mano, zvakadai somunhu lämpömittari kana BP cuff (zvino isingawanzowanikwi). Kana chinhu chine mekuri vakaputsa, unofanira pakarepo unganidza uye kubvisa nezvimedu hunokuvadza. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kutsvaira kana kusuka nejira hakubvumidzwi nokuti ipazwe balls zvidiki. Decontamination kuti nemekiyuri kunodiwa kuunganidza naro bhurasho pamusoro chena mapepa, uye ipapo akaisa rakanamwa mugaba. The pasi raiva nefuma unofanira kusukwa kugadzirisa kuti potassium permanganate, uye hydrochloric acid. Pashure paizvozvo, kamuri ventilated. Zvakanakisisa kuzodana unyanzvi vari decontamination.

How kubvisa zvinokuvadza kubva ganda?

Vane pfungwa ipi ganda decontamination uye sei kuti kuipedzera, vose vanofanira. Pashure kuonana zvine chepfu munzvimbo pachena (maoko, chiso) disinfection kupedza maawa anenge 6. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, inoyerera mvura pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa, sipo, zvakaoma chipanji kana mumakwenzi. Haugoni kushandisa doro kana zvokufembedzwa, sezvo vachagara chete sembura zvinhu. Hair uye zvokuudzwa mucosa anofanira sukurudza mhinduro kubva cucumber acid. Ziso kushamba kubva yomukati pakona kuchivanze.

The ngozi rwaikurumidza kuuya deactivation?

Pashure kuonana ngozi zvinhu pamusoro chero zvinhu zvemhoteredzo vanoda nokukurumidza decontaminated. Kusavapo kana kunonoka kuti deactivation kunotungamirira mutsekwende nhengo. Radioactive nezvimedu kukonzera mamiriro akadai nemwaranzi chirwere, mushonga iyo hazvibviri kusvikira ikozvino. Uyezve, zvinhu zvinokuvadza kunogona kukanganisa utano yevana. Kusimuka kwemvura ine nemekiyuri uye chepfu kuna muviri, inotungamirira kuti kukundwa zvomukati zvose uye hurongwa. Nezvikonzero izvi, rakakodzera decontamination kunokosha.