Country-aggressor: tsanangudzo. Country-aggressor mumutemo wenyika dzakawanda

Iko pfungwa ye "nyika ine utsinye" yakaonekwa mumatare emarudzi ose emutemo mushure mokuguma kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Apo yakava pachena kuti hondo yakanga iri pedyo nekupedzisa, vamiririri venyika ye anti-Hitler coalition vakabatana mubasa rekuumba sangano uye kutsigirwa kwemutemo kuitira kuti kudzivisa kuonekwa kwechigumbu chakadai chero kupi zvako munyika. Zvisinei, pasinei nemagungano uye mutemo wenyika dzose, kupesana kwehondo kunoramba kuri munyika, kusanganisira kubatanidzwa kwemasimba makuru akadai seUnited States.

Basics of security

Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakaguma munaSeptember nekuzvipira kweJapan, uye ikozvino musi waOctober 24, 1945 musangano weSan Francisco mutemo weUnited Nations wakagamuchirwa , iyo yakasayirwa nevamiriri vehurumende makumi mashanu. Dhiyabhorosi, kunyanya, yakadudzira simba reThe Security Council. The Security Council, painoona kutyisidzirwa, inopa mazano kana kuzvimiririra inoita zvisarudzo pakubviswa kwayo nekudzorerwa kwekuchengeteka. Iko mune zvinyorwa zveUnited Charter kuti tsanangudzo yakazara yezwi rokuti "nyika yechisimba" yakatanga kuoneka: chii ichocho, chii chakakosha.

The Main Charter

Mutsamba, pakurondedzera hutsinye, chinonyanya kusimbiswa kune kukwikwidzirwa kwehondo kune huchangamire, nharaunda yekuvimbika uye kuzvimirira kwezvematongerwo enyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhinduro yeUN haibatsiri kana hurumende inorwiswa inhengo ye sangano kana kwete. Icho Chinyorwa chinotsanangurawo zviito zvehurumende zvinogona kuonekwa sechisimba. Mabasa echisimba anosanganisira chero hutsinye hwechisimba, kutambudzwa, nemigumisiro yezviito izvi nenzira yekushanda kana kuwedzera. Mukuwedzera, mune urongwa hwezviito zvakadaro, kushandiswa kwezvombo zvose, kudzivirirwa nezvombo, pamwe nekuendeswa kwemashumi matatu emunharaunda munharaunda yacho, kuvapo kwaro kunogona kuonekwa sezviito zvechisimba.

Nzvimbo dzepamutemo

Sangano reUnited Nations rinotaurawo kuti utsinye munzira imwe neimwe inogona kururamiswa. Kunyanya, inoratidzwa kuti zvematongerwe enyika, zvehupfumi, zvehondo uye zvimwe zvinokonzerwa hazvigoni kururamisa zviito zvechisimba zvenyika imwe kune imwe. Sezvo tsika dzakadaro dzichionekwa sechimhosva, nyika ine utsinye mumutemo wenyika dzakawanda inoonekwa sechimhosva. Saizvozvowo, mutemo wekupara kwakadaro unosanganisira mutoro. Inotsanangurwa zvakare kuti chero upi zvake wakawanikwa nekuda kwechisimba haugoni kuzivikanwa nevanhu vemunharaunda uye kuwana mvumo yepamutemo.

Peace Bloc

Maererano nenyika dzakawanda dzezvematongerwo enyika ezvematongerwo enyika, zvisarudzo pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwepasi rose zvakarongeka zvakaitwa nekubatanidzwa kweAmerica. Izvi hazvikwanisi kuva mhedziso yakakwana, asi chokwadi chokuti UN Charter yakanyorwa uye yakagamuchirwa mune rimwe remaguta eAmerica inoita kuti titarise nyaya iyi zvakanyanya. Nokuda kwemauto emhirizhonga chero ipi zvayo muna 1949, Masoja-Political Alliance yeNorth Atlantic Alliance, inozivikanwa zvakare seNATO, yakasikwa. Icho chikwata chinosanganisira makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nematanhatu: nhamba huru yenyika kuEurope, United States neCanada. Dzimbahwe iri muBrussels (Belgium). Kubva muna 2010, hondo yakabatana yaiva nevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 3.8.

Ihwo hukama, hwakasikwa kunyanya kurwisana neSoviet Union uye kudzorera kurwisa kwayo, mushure mekupera kweSoviet Union, kuchinjwa kune muvengi mutsva, ane zita rehugandanga. Yakanga iri pasi pemiganhu yekurwisana nehugandanga iyo nyika dzeNATO dzakarwisana munharaunda dzeA Afghanistan, Yugoslavia neLibhiya. Kuparadzwa kwehurumende mumatunhu aya kubva kuWashington kuendesa kwakaratidzwa sekusunungurwa kwevanhu vanogara imomo kubva kune utsinye hwevarwi vemasvingo uye nekuvaka kwehutungamiri hwezvematongerwe enyika munharaunda idzi dzinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nemararamiro eropa.

Zvichakadaro, chero zvirevo zvinyorwa zvakaunganidzwa munharaunda yepasi rose, vazhinji vainyatsonzwisisa kuti NATO inoshandiswa mune zvekuda kwesimba guru, kureva, United States. Zvisinei, kuva nehondo yemasimba zvikuru, "nyeredzi-mavara" uye kubudirira kukunda muku "kumanikidza" democracy mune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvenyika.

IU.SA seyo nyika huru yehondo

Izwi rokuti "nyika ine utsinye" mupfungwa yaive yakarongedzwa mumashure eUnited Nations, zvakajeka kuregererwa. Kunyange zvazvo, kubva pamutemo wepamutemo, ingangodaro yaiva mhemberero yakakwana yekuita America kuve shongwe yakasimba yehurongwa hwepasi, nekukurumidzira kubatsira nekukanganiswa kuduku kwekodzero dzevanhu, zvisinei, pamagumo ezana remakore rapfuura, maitiro aya akasimbiswa zvakasimba: "USA ndiyo nyika ine utsinye" .

Nhasi, mumazhinji emapurisa emagariro evanhu, vazhinji vevakapindura ndivo vatungamiri vasingafungi maererano nehuwandu hwehutsinye hwepasi rose hunoti vaAmerica. Nyanzvi dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinokanganisa mhepfenyuro nokuda kweizvi, iyo inotsigira "machechi" eU.S. kuBalkan, Middle East, Latin America, uye Africa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyika dzinogona kuparadza nyika, inenge mishanu kana matanhatu, inotaura zvombo zvenyukireya mubasa ravo.

Inodiwa counterweight

Vaongorori vezvematongerwe enyika, vachiona migumisiro yemafungiro emafungiro, vanowanzoona mamiriro ezvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Mune maonero avo, zviri nyore kufungidzira zvichaitika kunyika, kana pasina hutungamiri hwakadai-pachena uye husingagumi. Muchiitiko ichi, mukusavapo kwehurumende yakajeka yehukuru hunopfuura zana, kukakavadzana kwepakati uye kurwisana kweutungamiri kunowedzera.

Izvi zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kukuru munyika, mugumisiro waro nenzira imwe neimwe inova hurukuro huru yekubatanidza uye kugoverwa patsva kwehurongwa hwepasi. Nenzira iyi, muhurongwa hwekuongorora uye zviyero izvo nyika inorarama, hutungamiri hwehumwe hurumende hunochengetedza kuchengetedza kwevanhu vakawanda venyika.

Crimea nedambudziko reUkraine

Pakupera kwa2013 muUkraine, dambudziko rezvematongerwe enyika rakasimba rakatanga kuzarura. Vaparidzi vakapinda kuMaidan, vachikumbira kusarudzwa kwehurumende dzemazuva ano. Chiitiko chisingatarisirwi chezviitiko izvi kwaiva kuwedzera kweCrimea neSevastopol kuenda kuRussian Federation muna March 2014. MunaFebruary, vagari veRussia vanotaura mutauro weCrimea vakatora kumigwagwa vachipikisa avo vaitonga kuKiev nemhaka yekubvumira hurumende yevatsigiri veEuromaidan. Simba rakatsiviwa mu republic rakaratidza hutungamiri hutsva hwekuUukraine husina mvumo uye yakakumbira rubatsiro kubva kuRussia. Panguva imwecheteyo, kwekutanga, kupomerwa kwakakandwa kubva kuWestern Hemisphere yose, kuti Russia inyika yechisimba. IKremlin yakapomerwa kuwedzera kuCrimea, zvichireva kushandiswa kwekudzivirirwa kwenharaunda muRussia, iyo, maererano nemitemo yenyika yose, inosanganisira mutoro.

Kuti zviite maererano nemitemo yepasi rose, referendum yakaitirwa muCrimea, iyo yakasarudzwa zviri pamutemo seyisiri mvumo kune dzimwe nyika dzeEuropean Union uye United States. UUkraine hainawo kuziva zviito zvehutungamiri hweRussia uye kubva munaEpril 2014 yave ichiisa chiCrima senharaunda inobatwa. Mukuwedzera, iUnited General Assembly mumagumo eKvondo yakagadzirisa sarudzo maererano neyo kubvunzurudzwa kweCrimea kunonzi kusina mutemo. Absolute voruzhinji vakavhota dhidhiyo.

Pakupera kwaJanuary gore rino, hutungamiri hweUkraine hwakabvumirana neRussia sechisimba kurwisana nechekumabvazuva kwenyika.

Zvisarudzo sekunyengedza

Zviito zveRussia zvave zviri chikonzero chekuronga nyika dzekunze. Mutevedzeri uyu aiva United States, iyo yakatengesa nzvimbo yayo nekutyisidzira kwekukanganisa kwezvemari, zvichibva pakakonzerwa neUnited States nezvematongerwe enyika uye zvematongerwe enyika. Vakabatanidzwa nevashandi muG-7 nevamwe. Zvisarudzo zvinowanikwa kune dzimwe nguva kushanyira. Ikopa yekutanga yakaratidza kusunungura kwezvinhu uye kugadziriswa kwekupinda kune avo avo West vanoona vari pedyo neMutungamiri Vladimir Putin. Pakati paiyi, kunyanya, hama dzebhizimisi Arkady naBeris Rotenberg. Makambani ezvokune dzimwe nyika munyika dzakasiyana-siyana atanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma kubatanidzwa neRussia munzvimbo dzakawanda dzebasa. Nzvimbo ye "Russia inyika yechisimba" yakavhunduka vakawanda, uye hapana munhu akanga akagadzirira kurasikirwa neshamwari muWashington.

Tsanangudzo yeRussia yechisimba

Muzvinyorwa zvezviyeuchidzo uye nemiromo-mitsara, izwi rokuti "nyika ine utsinye" yakawana mutsva mutsva zvachose. Mutemo uyu, unotanga zvinhu zvitsva mumutemo weRussia, wakakurudzirwa nevatungamiri veUnited Russia Anton Romanov uye Yevgeny Fedorov. Ikokupedzisira zvakare mutungamiri wesangano "National Liberation Movement" pamwe chete naSergei Katasonov, nhengo yeboka reLDPR. Chirongwa chakaendeswa kuhurumende kuti chiongorore muna December 2014. Mukutsanangurwa kwebhadhiro, vanyori varo vaitaura kudikanwa kwemutemo wakadaro nehutsinye uye husingabatsirane maitiro ehurumende anounza zvigaro zvinopikisana neRussia nevanhu varo, uyewo masangano epamutemo.

Zvaifungidzirwa kuti hurumende yeRussia ichave nekodzero yekutsvaga rejista yehurumende iyo inogona kushandisa izwi iri, kuchengetedza nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo. Chido chekubhadhara ichocho chakanga chakagadziriswa nekugadzirisa kuchengeteka kwenyika, kusimbisa hupfumi hwenyika nekudzivirira. Pakati pezvinangwa zvikuru zvinotungamirirwa nemutemo ndekuenzanisa nekuvapo kwekambani dzedzimwe nyika mubhizinesi reRussia rinokurukura.

Kunyanya, makambani anopa mazano ekubvunzurudza mubasa rekuongorora, kodzero nezvimwe zvinhu, izvo nyika yavo ine nyika yechisimba, icharambidzwa kuita mabasa avo muRussia. Mukuwedzera, kubvumirwa kunofanira kuwedzerwa kune avo vanobatana nekambani dzekuRussia dzedzimwe nyika. Maererano nevanyori veyo mushumo, mushamba wekutsvaga mazano ndeyekuchengetedzwa kwemamwe makambani. Maererano nedheta ravo, 70% yemusika, uyo mutengo muna 2013 wakapfuura 90 mabhiriyoni eru rubles, ndeyevakatamba vakadai seBritain Ernst & Young kana American Deloitte. Vanyori vanocherechedza kuti pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose iri izvi zvinogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kuchengeteka kwehupfumi, sezvo kubvunzurudzwa kwemaRussia makambani ehurumende kunoshandiswa nekambani dzedzimwe nyika.

Hurumende haibvumi

Pasinei neinoita sokuti ndeyekutaura kwemaonero ezvematongerwo enyika akadaro senyika yechisimba, hurumende yeRussia haina kutsigira chinangwa chevatongi. Izvi zvinotevera kubva pamhedziso yakasayirwa naSergei Prikhodko, mukuru wehurumende, maitiro e "nyika ine utsinye", tsanangudzo yakapiwa nevanyori vezvinyorwa izvi zvinopesana nehuwandu hwakapiwa muzwi rokuti "chisimba" neUnited General Assembly. Mukuwedzera, kujekeswa kunotsanangura kuti zvigadziro zvebumbiro idzva remutemo hazvifungi kusiyana kwemasimba edzimusoro uye paramende yehurumende mumunda wekudzivirira hutongi hweRussia. Mukuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvepaimutemo zvinorambidzwa zvinopesana nemitemo yemitemo yekutenga.

Masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika nevatongi vakanga vasina chokwadi nezvekwanisiro yekuteerera mutemo wakadaro: "nyika ine utsinye" ndiyo izwi, kuzarurirwa kwaro kunogona kutungamirira kune kukura kukuru kwemakakatanwa.