Chinangwa processor: tsananguro uye kushandisa

Computer vanozvishandisa kazhinji kuvhiringidzwa mumwe pfungwa idzi maviri sezvo hurongwa Unit uye CPU, achidana rokutanga - wechipiri. Izvi chinhu chakaipa. The processor pacharo - ari mudziyo zvakagadzirirwa kudzora kushanda kombiyuta maererano akafanorongerwa kutevedzana kwezviitiko mirayiridzo, yainzi chirongwa, uye kuti vaite mabasa nokuda kubudiswa mashoko.

Uyezve, pane dzimwe Namano akafanana zita. Somuenzaniso, shoko processor yakagadzirirwa kusika magwaro uye dzavo format. To ichi mhando zvirongwa zvinosanganisira Microsoft Word.

Chii?

Zvino mudziyo pacharo, iro uropi pakombiyuta, anonziwo microprocessor. Chii processor iri kombiyuta? Ndicho yakadaro imwe revatema dunhu, izvo anodzora kushanda pachako kombiyuta. dunhu kwakadaro akasika imwe kana kupfuura crystals wakaitwa semiconductor ine yakaoma chaizvo zvigadzirwa chokuita kusango microelectronics.

Zvose zvinogona kuita kombiyuta yako nemashoko acho hwacho kurayira yakatarwa pakati processor. Ivo vanobatanidzwa mune mirayiridzo basa kombiyuta kushanda. One ariega atora boka - iyi ndiyo imwe oparesheni anoitwa kombiyuta. Somuenzaniso, kuita svomhu kushandiswa, musoro kushandiswa, kuziva kutevedzana kwezviitiko mirayiro kuita kuchinjwa mashoko kubva ndangariro mudziyo mumwe ndangariro.

Ndiyo mhinduro pfupi kuti mubvunzo, chii processor.

mudziyo

Sezvo processor - zano rakagadzirirwa Data kubudiswa, inoitwa zvinotevera zvinhu:

• chinhu svomhu pfungwa chikwata;
• mumwe kudzora mudziyo;
• ndangariro evoruzhinji.

The kuzvidzora chikwata, sezvo zviri pachena kubva ayo zita, nokuti vakapa chirongwa Kudzorwa ose kombiyuta nodes. It anobvisa mumwe murayiro hwakazotevera kubva mazita, kudzidza pauri, chii oparesheni kuita uye chii kutevedzana. mhando iyi kondakita, tichigadzirisa mumhanzi yose. A marimba sezvamunoita inongova chirongwa.

zvinoumba

ALU - sechekushandisa Masvomhu, izvo, rakatevera papurogiramu Anoita amabasa chokuita svomhu uye pfungwa.

The evoruzhinji vari womukati kuyeuka CPU. Imwe remazita anogona kuenzaniswa gwaro, naro mudziyo anoti uye rinochengeta nemigumisiro. Imwe neimwe evoruzhinji ine chinangwa chawo.

Toti, kuti processor anofanira kuwedzera maviri dzimwe nhamba. Kuti aite mashandiro ichi, kutanga zvakafanira kuti atore kuyeuka wokutanga rokuti, ipapo - wechipiri, wedzera tsika mbiri idzi, uye uwandu apiwa kutuma ari kombiyuta yacho RAM.

Zviri pachena, vose mashoko uye mugumisiro processor inofanira kuchengetwa imwe nzvimbo. Nokuti ichi chinangwa sero iri kupinda zvakananga kupinda processor pacharo, akadana accumulator kana semvumbi. Sezvo processor rakagadzirirwa mashoko uye avo kubudiswa chinofanira kunzwisiswa, kubva ndangariro Sero zvakakodzera kutora zvinotevera murayiro. Izvi anodzidza kubva mamwe muchitokisi chake nechomukati, anonzi yemabhuku. The chikwata, riri abudisa kubva ndangariro anoiswa mune imwe kamuri - mirayiridzo mazita. Kubva zvinoguma chemurayiro zvinogona Kutamiswa kare achiyeukwa.

mhando kunyoresa

Evoruzhinji mhando dzakawanda. Vakasiyana mumwe mhando remapazi anoitwa. Chinonyanya kukosha evoruzhinji vane mazita avo:

• Counter zvikwata - ari mazita ine kero inotevera mirayiridzo kuurayiwa. Rinoshandiswa vapiwa sarudza purogiramu kubva iine chokuita nendangariro.
• Semvumbi - anotora chikamu pakuvhiya zvose.
• Register mirayiro. Chinochengeta chikwata kuti nguva iyo inodiwa kuti aurayiwe.

date bhazi

kombiyuta processor akagadzirirwa kushanda pamwe ruzivo. mano ake ose nguva dzose kuchitsinhanisa pachavo. Uye vanozviita tichibatsirwa ari chinhu, unonzi womukati date bhazi. In CPUs ano, pane dzimwe nhengo, asi shoma inodiwa yakatarwa ndiro pamusoro anotsanangurwa namano.

Machine kutenderera uye dunhu rayo

Kazhinji kwacho ine anotevera:

• Command anosarudzwa kubva muchitokisi, kero iyo anochengeterwa remazita yemabhuku. zvirimo panguva iyoyowo kuwedzera kukosha nokureba murayiro uyu.
• Next, izvozvo rwunotumirwa kudzora Unit, kuwana kwaro mirayiridzo remazita.
• Address munda kungova chikwata unomiririra mudziyo zvakanaka.
• Ekupedzisira anopa chiratidzo, uye mashoko ari kuverenga kubva mundangariro, akawa atova svomhu-pfungwa chikwata.
• Mudziyo Kutarisira deciphered bumbiro remitemo kushanda vari kuitwa svomhu pfungwa hadzisisina zvakareva pamusoro Implementation chiito ichi pamusoro data, iyo iri nyaya vanonzi operands.
• Mugumisiro hwokushanda inogona kuchengetedzwa nechepakati kubudiswa Unit, kana kune kuyeuka panyaya apo pane kero kuti vaifanira kuva mugumisiro.
• Zvose pamusoro matanho rwaiitwa sokuvapo chemabhazi chiratidzo anopiwa.

zvinoitwa

Saka, chii chiri processor, zviri pachena: kuuraya mirayiro kubva yamunenge chirongwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi ine zvinotevera unhu:

1. The wachi maitikiro. The CPU hwakada kufanana chete jenareta kakawanda nenguva yeko, izvo zvinowanisa pulses. Vari nemasiraidhi akapendwa mumwe kushanda zvinhu zvose kombiyuta. mamirire ichi akaenzana nokuwanda zvinogara por wechipiri. Machira - nguva, riri pakati wekutanga kupomba uye wechipiri. Chakayerwa Wachi kakawanda muna megahertz.
2. Wedzeredzei. Izvi kunonyanyisa ukoshi chaienzanirana nhamba nhonga pakati binary remitemo inoumbwa ne processor uye chinopfuudzwa munguva imwecheteyo. mamirire uku kunorondedzerwa shoko kureba evoruzhinji kwayo.
3. Address nzvimbo. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakawanda kero kuti kuvhurwa ne processor uchishandisa kero remitemo.

Nokuda apa, inogona zvakajeka, uye ayo chinangwa processor. Ndiwo kombiyuta uropi, pasina pazviri zvachose nechinhu kwete akakodzera. Ndiko zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa.