Chii Platinum nendarama chena?

How Vakadzi vazhinji, kuedza musi mumwe munwe kushongedzwa, ziva chii chinokwezva navo titadze shimmer kuti Platinum - ndiwo nhau kubva muchadenga? Nepiko akaita simbi inokosha usati kuhwina mwoyo vanoda runako dzomutengo? Ngatimbotaura nezvenhoroondo uye zvinoshamisa zvivako zviri Platinum, razova ichikonzera rakafuridzirwa pamusoro kunozivikanwa jewelers vakaita Cartier, Faberge uye Tiffany.

The anokudzwa kana anokosha simbi

Zvinozivikanwa kuti simbi dzakasiyana. Kakawanda tinonzwa ferrous, nonferrous uye anokosha. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira zvinhu masere - goridhe, sirivha, Platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium uye osmium. Havazivi oxidize husingakwanisi kwezvakatipoteredza zvinofurira, vane ductility uye nyore anoumba alloys. Asi kwete vose takachengeteka vanhu.

Nokuti mukugadzira kushandiswa chete zvishongo zvegoridhe, sirivha, palladium uye Platinum, iyo mana chinonyanya dzinodhura. Zvisinei, simbi idzi kashoma kushandiswa kwayo yakachena chimiro. wevasungwa kwavo kufarira zviri chigadzirwa anogona kuwanikwa nokutarisa mharidzo. Tichanzwisisa kuti Platinum kwakadaro vakapiswa 950 °. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 1 kg kwezvishongo chiwanikwa nyaya kuti 950 magiramu zvinokosha simbi, vamwe - the alloying zvinoriumba. Platinum - zvikuru vafuke zvishongo simbi. Zvisinei, pasina alloying alloys kunyange haangakurambiriyi kusiyana mukuru mukurumari.

Platinum kana ndarama chena?

Kazhinji unogona kunzwa kuti Platinum - zviri chena goridhe. Izvi hazvisi izvo. sezvamunoita dzavo uye zvivako zvakasiyana. Mhinduro dzemibvunzo zvatinoisa Platinum nendarama chena. Kuti aite izvi, tarisai periodic table. Reference nhamba 078 ane chinhu Pt. Zvino zviri pachena kuti Platinum kwakadaro, - chicherwa wakachena chimiro. A chena goridhe - a zvishongo Wandinyengedzerei apo kuwedzera sirivha, nickel nezvimwe netsvina rakaparadza tsvuku. soro mureza wake - 750.

Zvisinei, nemhaka zvinobatsira chena goridhe, Platinum zvigadzirwa vakawana mafeni dzavo uye vari shure mapfekero. Uye kunyange zvazvo vari zvikuru anodhura, ichi simbi kuoma zvinoita rakanakira kuroorana zvindori nezvishongo namabwe, mukurumari kunoenderana rakavimbika nomukombero. Zviya, mumwe Platinum anobatsirwei kuti haakonzeri Kurwara, sezvo kazhinji zvazviri chena nendarama nemhaka okuwedzera zvinoriumba.

All pamusoro apa, Chokwadi, zvinokanganisawo cost, asi chikuru determinant kuti mitengo chinokonzera inzira kugadzirwa.

Nhoroondo yenyika uye simbi dzinokosha

Makore mashomanana apfuura, masayendisiti German kuona chikamu Pt (078) meteorites, funga kuti ndezvipi Platinum uye sei munyika. Maererano nevaongorori kubva University wokuMainz, nyika yedu yakanga isiri ezvinhu kuti paumbwe zvesimbi. Kana yokumusha kwavo ndiko Earth, vanofanira kuva yakanyungudutswa chinoumba, pane repamusoro goko.

Yefizikisi Gerhardt Schmidt anotenda kuti simbi vakauyiswa kwatiri anenge mabhiriyoni 4 apfuura, apo nyika akashoropodzwa meteorites, zvinosanganisira simbi. It yakashuma mutumwa kupfuura yekare wokudenga, akapfuma Platinum, iyo akawira Earth anenge mamiriyoni 2 years ago. Maererano masayendisiti, nokuti paumbwe simbi panyika iri huripo nhamba zvakatora avhareji mitumbi 160 zvomuchadenga anenge 20 km mu dhayamita.

Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti zvekuvaka iri shoma. Imhaka mutengo ichi gore negore chete inowedzera.

Ubanguranyika uye kugadzirwa Platinum

dhipoziti Platinum mhangura iri pakutsvaga munyaya matombo. It kunoitika vari vakachena chimiro kana yeimwe, akadai nickel kana goridhe. mhangura inotungamirwa zvose zvemo uye placer. Ekupedzisira nonyanya unorema migodhi. MuRussia, panguva pakuvhurwa basa simbi placers vaiona hellish, asi vakanga akakurumidza akazogadzira wokutanga muchina installation.

Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo nhasi kuvandudzwa Geological midziyo nyore, Platinum inodhura kugadzira. Kudzora mamiririta (anenge 31 magiramu) zvakakodzera kuti ribude matani anopfuura 10 mbishi esimbi.

Huru munyika umo kuwanikwa zvakawanda deposits ose Platinum ndiye South Africa. Inobereka vanenge 151 matani simbi pagore. Munzvimbo Wechipiri Russia, iyo inobudisa zvikamu 26 matani Platinum. Achiteverwa Zimbabwe, United States neCanada, pave 9 5 matani pagore. Platinum ndiye munyika muJapan, Australia uye Colombia. Kazhinji, zviri munyika dzinenge dzose, asi musi muindasitiri pamwero kubereka hazvina musoro.

Handizivi kuti Ural ndiye paucheche maviri kupfuura Platinum Nugget munyika. uremu hwavo - 5918,4 uye 7860,5 d Zvino tava kuda kunzwisisa chii Platinum. Photos of zvibereko simbi iyi inogona kuwanikwa munyaya.

mararamiro ekare uye kushandiswa Platinum

The zvigadzirwa wokutanga kubva goridhe tichingoda Platinum Nyanzvi ano kuwana mumakuva muEgipita kudanana kubva munenge 1200 gore BC. e. Documentary Mahwendefa vane yekare veIjipiti, unoitwa chose uyu simbi anokosha, pane makore anenge 700 BC. e. Muna Budiriro South American Inca pakuzvichenesa zvinoratidza dzakaitwa kubva yeyero uye chena simbi.

Rombo rakaipa Kuwanika - kwete goridhe uye kwete sirivha

Kujairirana refractory simbi vokuEurope kwakaitika muna 1590 mu South America. Chii Platinum panguva? Chete "ndarama wakaora." The Spanish conquistadors vakanga saka mwoyo nokuda kuwanikwa kuti zvakanzi pakunzi "serebretsom". Kuwana grayish bwendefa mu placers zvendarama, vakawana kuti Platinum - chinhu chine tsvina, kujaidza kugadzirwa Gloss uye zvachose kwete akakodzera nokuda kunzwisisa kubudiswa uye kukanganisa. Uye ini amudana - Plata, zvinoreva "sirivha", mumwe kunyomba diminutive nemagumo ina. Kana maoko vakundi munyika itsva kuuya mhiri Platinum vanongotevera akarikanda mugungwa.

Kukunda Europe

Muna 1700, sirivha chinhu kwakawanikwa nemhenderekedzo Europe. Akava chinhu kudzidza masayendisiti vaida kunzwisisa chii Platinum. Vakanga vachiita kuedza, vachiedza kuona zvivako ayo uye kuzvitengesa goridhe. Muna 1751 musayendisiti Swedish Theophil Scheffer (Theophil Scheffer) akaita so zvinoshamisa Platinum simbi. Uye muna 1780 mambo France , Louis XVI akataura naye sezvo chete dzaizopiwa royals.

mutengesi wake Mark Coleen Jeanette (Mako Etienne Janety) yakagadzirwa Platinum mashoma risingaenzaniswi zvoumbozha, kusanganisira yakanaka shuga mbiya ane muenzaniso yakaoma. Muna 1788, Francisco Alonso vakasikwa sezvakarayirwa Spanish Mambo Carlos III chemwenje kukwirira masendimita 30, yakagadzirirwa sechipo kuna Papa. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti nemhaka Zvakawanikwa ari unoshamisa Platinum refill Fransua Shabole uye Joseph Lui Prusta. Saka French yakaiswa muna Spain remakore itsva hwokusanyara. chakaderedzwa mutengo wayo ndiye Platinum Suite Arganeze, mukova rakazaruka wose, uye mumazuva edu.

Asi chisingarambiki chokwadi pamusoro nevaMedhiya Europe iri wachena simbi iri kushandiswa kwayo pakusikwa mitemo yakayerwa hurongwa. Muna 1799, Mark Coleen Jeanette, uyo pashure French Revolution akasiya Paris, akakokwa pakusika Platinum mita uye kilogram. Nanhasi, vari kuchengeta panguva International Bureau of muzviyereso.

Platinum fuma Russia

Kuziva miedzo ores zvinodhura kuRussia, vari Urals, akanga zvikuru gare gare - pakutanga pamusoro XIX remakore. Panguva iyoyo, Platinum akatotanga yakakunda Europe uye kwainzi "wamambo" simbi. deposits ayo akanga munyika kungova genus Demidov uyo, akavonga upfumi hwayo, atopiwa kuonekwa zvakavanzika vanatenzi umambo. "Akawana" deposits vaiva serfs Yefim Kopylov uye Yemelyan Rostigaev.

Placers guru simbi tsanga akanga asingaremekedzwi chete akafukidzwa topsoil. Pashure pfupi zviuru Demidov kuti serfs zvakaoma pamusoro "poddernikah" manually kupatsanurwa anenge 40 matani Platinum marudzi. Zvinonzi huru kupfuura mined zvinokosha yairema anenge 9 makirogiramu, asi hapana yakavimbika hweizvi.

Platinum ari mumaoko jewelers

Saka, nokuda kuguma XIX remakore Platinum - resimbi nokuda vepamusoro, achikwira Olympus nekuda kwayo husiri nyore kuwana uye kuramba zvokuimba kushushikana. Kunokwezva vanoda glitz uye glamour uyewo nokuda kushandisa yakachena - nhasi zviri 950-fung mharidzo.

The chikuru nditsigire Platinum ari zvishongo nyika Louis-Fransua Karte, muvambi sebenzi yakasimba Cartier. Aiona chinokosha zvinhu pamwe risingaperi mikana, nemhaka mukana wokushandiswa uye rakavimbika. The inozivikanwa mufananidzo Panthers, akasikwa achifuridzirwa rudo Zhanne Tussen, akagadzirwa Platinum nesafiro uye mangoda.

Zvisinei, akanga asiri iye oga vaikoshesa zvakanakira sirivha zvokunyama. Its chikuru mukwikwidzi panguva yakanga Carl Faberge, uyo akashandisa Platinum mu Copyright zvigadzirwa. Kutaura zvazviri, vazhinji ruva zvirongwa uye motifs mhuka dzakanga kuzvitendero ne Lui Karte aiva Faberge.

Kufarira Platinum zvose yakawedzera, richisvika nhamba iri pakutanga XX remakore, uye hakuremudzwi kusvikira Second World War. A yakawanda ubudirire ichi vakabatsira kuti royals uye "nyeredzi" Hollywood.

"Platinum" chirwere Platinum blondes

In America muna 1930s kwevanhuwo zvavo kunoreva kufunganya uye kushushikana anokonzerwa Depression Great, akava cinema. On the sefa mazana matepi pamusoro vapfumi havazivi kunetseka neshamwari dzavo. Mufananidzo kuti nguva yakanga Dzhin Harlou, chinovhenekera Frank Capra kuti firimu 'Platinum Blonde'. Chiedza runako, zveupfumi uye kunonakidza, akanininira chiedza atinoitwa upenyu, varume navakadzi. Dzhin Harlou, uyewo mamwe Hollywood mutambi, ari kusika munhu manyorero idzva chic. Kugara chishongedzo ake vava ngoda, akaisa mukati Platinum. Uye chose kubatwa kuti mufananidzo - mufashoni bvudzi ruvara. Chii? Zvechokwadi, Platinum.

Zvakatora makore anopfuura zana, uye tiri kuona kudzoka rudo iyi simbi hunokosha. Nyika inoda runako, kunatsiridzwa uye mukurumari. Zvino isu tose kuziva zviri Platinum. Pictures munyaya varatidze muumbozha uye anokwezva Zvinoonekwa ichi simbi anokosha.