Chii pfungwa "pfuma". pfuma mhando

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti pfungwa "pfuma" yakatanga akagadzira mumurairo weRoma, pashure ose munyika nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvinhu vakaiswa muruoko wechiGeorgian. Kunyange zvazvo nhasi kwakunoitwa kugamuchirwa chero nyika pasi pose.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pre-echimurenga Russia, zvakatanga kushandiswa chete pashure Implementation pakati nezvomurau Peter Mukuru muna 1714, iyo wakabudiswa kuti tizvidzore zvivako uye nhaka yayo yemberi. Munguva Soviet, mushure chabviswa zvachose pachake wenyika iyo, pfungwa "pfuma" iri zvishoma nezvishoma tinoshandurirwa chikamu wakaiswa uye kuitika zvinhu (uye pfungwa "pachake pfuma"). Panguva iyoyo nyika rwakaverengwa kuti aparadzane maererano maonero avo, uye chete nzvimbo.

MuRussia ano, pfungwa "ezvokutengeserana pfuma" rinoshandiswa zvakare muna kuitika pamutemo uye zvoupfumi turnover, rakanga nokuda kwoUmambo pachake mamiriro munyika. Pakupedzisira, akanga ari mumutemo kubudikidza Presidential Mutemo, izvo vakapinda simba pamusoro 27.10.1993 gore.

Pfungwa uye zvinhu

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, pfungwa "pfuma" iwayo akakurumbira. Asi chokwadi, vanhu vashoma chaizvo kunzwisisa kuti zvinenge Hazviwanzovi dzinoenderana wepamutemo hunhu chepfuma, izvo kazhinji kacho ari pakutsvaga koshesa zviri zvoupfumi munyika, Umambo tsika nhoroondo uye zvimwe zvirwere.

Pfungwa yokuti 'ezvokutengeserana pfuma ", sezvinoita mamwe, kunosanganisira mashoma zvinokosha:

• Name - chaiyo mucherechedzo kana izwi iri wakaiswa kuti chinhu ichi.
• Content - yakatarwa pakati dzakasiyana zvinhu uye maitiro, chinoumba rinogona kunzi zvimwe zvinokosha pfuma (mu iyi neperemeschaemost ari muchadenga, mukurumari, uye dzimwe nepotreblyaemost).
• Volume - rinotsanangurwa pasi zvinhu kuti akaratidza muboka.

Chii chinouya pano?

Pari, mumaguta uye Suburban Zvivako - pfungwa hazvigoni kuderedzwa chete kune vamwe muchidimbu chiratidzo zvimwe zvinokosha zvinhu. Ndivo zvakazara kwetunhu kana uwandu zivo pamusoro penyaya. Sezvaiitwa dzimwe vepamusorosoro nyika, muRussia kuona pfuma kunyanya kuburikidza pfungwa bhuku, kureva, ndandanda yezvinhu uye kodzero, izvo zvinonzi chinoumbwa. Zvikurukuru, madhorobha nemaruwa pfuma rinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Lots uye subsoil zvinhu;
• nyika;
• zvose ine yakananga noukama panyika, saka kune zvivako siyana, zvivako kana vanovengwa konekwa kuvakwa;
• zvinhu kuenzaniswa Real Estate, izvo zvinopa kuti yakakodzera nehurumende kunyoresa (kusanganisira kure negungwa gang midziyo, ndege uye nzvimbo zvinhu);
• Zvimwe zvinhu kuti vane mamiriro pfuma maererano zvechadenga mutemo ano.

Kazhinji, kana tikafunga kuti pfuma yakadaro, zvinokwanisika kuti govera nyika nezvose zviri chokuita zvakananga, asi haakwanisi kufamba pasina kukonzera disproportionate kukuvara yaro kuenda. Muchiitiko chino, kamwe zvinokosha kuziva kuti kubvira 2007, masango uye perennial plantings vakanga vasingagoni pfuma iyi, izvo akasatendeuka dzinoenderana nefuma zvivako zvakadaro uye vane tsika dzakawanda chose.

Panguva iyoyo mitemo ano, tichifunga kuti pfuma yakadaro, anoenzanisa kwairi anoverengeka zvachose chinjwa zvinhu zvakadai ngarava uye ndege, kana chimwe, uye kwete nokuti kwemarudzi kana genus zviratidzo zvinogona kunzi pachena, asi nokuda chokuti Zvakakunakirai kuparadzira akananga pamutemo hurumende yakasimbiswa kuti usingazungunuke zvechokwadi pfuma chisingazivi parizvino zvinosanganisira mhando dzose migwagwa munyika.

Chii?

Definition of Real Estate masangano chete zvinhu uye pfungwa chaiye maonero unokosha zvinenge minda zvose zivo, asi hazvina kukwana uye zviri kure haanyatsonzwisisi vanonetesa yose akagadzirwa zvinhu yaingowanikwa ayo kugutsikana. In tsika uye dzidziso vanofanira nzisisa chii musiyano private kana voruzhinji pfuma sechinhu zvaioneka chaiko chinhu uye sezvo kuzvivako zviri zveupfumi uye zvemitero ukama, chinopa rinokosha muitiro kuti inoraswa zvinhu zvakadai, uyewo chaiyo nemishonga kodzero chokuita navo.

musika zvinhu

Chero pfuma iri chokwadi chiri kubatana evanhu, ezvoupfumi, ezvemitemo uye mumuviri zvivako, rimwe nerimwe, apo zvakakodzera, angava chikuru, zvichienderana chero chinangwa, upenyu ezvinhu kana ongororo nzendo. Pamisika, apo basa kutengeswa uye Rental chaiyo vevaGiriki, zviri anoonekwa somunhu chinokosha muna matatu siyana, kuva noukama hwepedyo nomumwe:

• muchimiro wenyama chinhu chine chaizvo unhu;
• imwe basa, izvo zvinoita kuti kushandisa pfuma kuti imwe chinangwa;
• zvakarurama rem kuti zvechokwadi chero wemunda.

The nenzvimbo Pfungwa pfungwa iyi inobvumira kuti zvakazara kuratidza zvechadenga pfuma, kusanganisira panyama:

• zvinhu uye kuvaka zvivako;
• nzvimbo uye kukura;
• hwevhu;
• Climate;
• kuvandudza;
• nharaunda;
• dzimwe parameters.

Mumusika umo Implementation rinoitwa uye risi chaiyo vevaGiriki, kubatwa somunhu yoga akazvimirira chinhu chimwe chete ezvinhu, riri muchimiro kuzvivako zviri zvivako, zvivako, zvivako, midziyo nezvimwe, izvo rinobatanidza dzichipfekeka chinangwa. Rinosanganisira chero pfuma raanotaura date jira, uyewo mamwe yakavakwa mumakore kushandiswa, saka vane dzichipfekeka ukama imwe chivako zvokuti haigoni kuzununguswa pasina kukonzera disproportionate kuvadza nokugadzwa.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza: Bazi Finance yoga akasimbisa kuti Kuronga chaizvo usingazungunuke pfuma anofanira hazvo zvinosanganisira akasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa, chirimwa uye midziyo, kusanganisira elevators, munzvimbo network, Integrated kamuri kufefetedza hurongwa, uyewo mamwe kukurukurirana. Panguva ehupfumi (wechipiri dzimba kana chikuru) haibatanidzi kwaro sezvamunoita, chirimwa uye zvokushandisa, izvo chakaita kuti sezvo kuparadzana uwandu zvinhu uye regai zvinoda chokugadza rinogona kushandiswa kunze chinhu, kana asina gujunura zvaanodurura disproportionate kukuvara chavainyanya rwendo.

Uyewo musakanganwa kuti makemikari, utachiona, mumuviri, zviripo uye nemamwe maitiro ane zvakananga nezvainoita Real Estate. Pfungwa Real Estate inopa kuramba nokuchinja ayo nevatengi unhu uye dzichipfekeka kugwinya, uye izvi kufungwa mukufamba kuzadziswa siyana kwema zvemari, uyewo nhaka uye zvishandise.

upfumi

The upfumi pfungwa kufunga pfungwa Real Estate sezvo inobudirira chaihwo twa, yakavimbika mari urwu mudziyo, uyewo rakasiyana chinangwa inivhesitimendi. Key zvoupfumi okunze, iyo inopa Real Estate kupatsanura:

• mutengo wayo uye mutengo yomuka zvikurukuru ayo richibatsira;
• kugona kundosangana siyana zvido zvevanhu.

Nokuda matsva varidzi pfuma mitero gadziriro inopiwa paumbwe matunhu neminisiparati zvemari, uyewo kuti Implementation vanoverengeka unyanzvi hwakasiyana munzanga zvirongwa.

The pamutemo divi

In wepamutemo Mupfungwa, pfuma ndiyo imwe akagadzirwa private uye paruzhinji kodzero kwachiri, izvo wakasiyiwa mamiriro, kufungisisa peculiarities ari wechipfuwo, uyewo siyana dzakawanda mitemo. Nesekondari pfuma anogona kupa munhu kodzero zvishomanana kana indivisible, uyewo akaparadzaniswa pachishandiswa muviri kutwasuka uye zvido zvevanhu Kusiyanisa pamusoro penyika iyo pevhu zviwanikwa, mamiriro uye airspace.

In sezvinoitwa mune Ruzhinji rwakapindura ano yakabudirira nyika zvenyika, kuRussia, mutemo anosimbiswa mumwe nomumwe kodzero kutenga, kutengesa, risi kana kuchinjwa pfuma, uyewo nhaka kurudyi uye kushandisa nzira vagari nemabhizimisi, kuti, mukana zirokwazvo vakasununguka Kuraswa pfuma yavo. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti mune zvimwe zviitiko, vaiva pfuma (furati kana misha aifunga) anowana apesane pamwe veruzhinji kufarira, saka kuti haichawaniki pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa mutemo private.

The mitemo razvino anopa mukana caffeine kubva muridzi zvinhu zvakadai kuburikidza kutenga chero matunhu neminisiparati kana voruzhinji kushandiswa, aine dzinoshambira saka aigona kunyika zvivako zvose uye zvivako iri pamusoro payo. Uyewo, kune nhamba vezvimwe mamiriro murau pamusoro muridzi uye kushandiswa Zvivako:

• zoning hurongwa;
• chivakwa kurambidzwa;
• kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa;
• kuchinjwa upfumi utariri;
• mitero pfuma uye zvakasiyana-siyana chokuita kwema;
• kodzero akasiyiwa zvivako uye nevamwe.

mumagariro kuchengetedzwa

The Social basa reDare dzakasiyana ehupfumi (dzimba, Apartments uye pasiri zvivako), kureva kuti asangane mupfungwa, vasiri, njere uye zvimwe zvinodiwa nevanhu. All kuti kungadiwa inonzi inodzivirira vanhu uye upenyu hwakanaka, ivo pakupedzisira anoburuka rugure pasi. To musi, vaiva Real Estate chinhu repamusoro pachena kuziva uye chaitarisirwa kuumba yakabudirira pakati munzanga rukoko.

World tsika

World tsika kufunga Real Estate sezvo imwe nomunda uye zvose zviri mazviri (uye fungidziro ari pakati penyika), uye pamusoro payo chinoshanda kuna kusaverengeka, kusanganisira chero kuramba zvinhu kuti vave kuda nayo pachisikirwo kana nemunhu.

Kazhinji, chero muridzi imwe nyika zvakare muridzi uye imwe yenhengo dzayo, kusanganisira chicherwa deposits, izvo dziri pasi, uye zvakakodzera airspace. Asi wakati ane kodzero ose dzokurasa chete bhuku rakadai airspace, izvo aigona kufunga kushandiswa maererano zvinoshanda nomutemo kurambidzwa uye, zvikurukuru, rinoshanda zvizere uchangamire hurumende dzedenga wekushandisa inosvika ehurumende.

Uyewo kucherechedza kuti haana Mhedziso ndivo muridzi kodzero kuti dziri subsurface zvakare, uye zvakarurama yokuwanda nzvimbo US akasangana ezvinhu akadaro, kodzero kune zvicherwa muvhu zvachose mune statist maoko, kwete munhu muridzi chaiye pfuma. Panguva iyoyowo, muridzi pfuma uyewo ane kodzero yakakwana kuwana kuwana chiedza chezuva.

Practice muRussia

Vanotongwa varidzi venyika kwete kungova mamiriro kuRussia havana kodzero dzokurasa vose subsoil dzavo dzakasiyana chomunda, uye avo kuti nevakawanda zvicherwa, kureva jecha, ivhu uye vamwe chete. Saka, deposits nemafuta esimbi, marasha nezvimwe zvicherwa hakuna nzira chokuita zvimwe zvivako private muridzi, iyo muridzi Somuenzaniso, imwe nyika imba kana zvimwe zvivako. Definition rokuti kunoratidza kuti apa zviwanikwa zvakazara mune enzvimbo mamiriro.

Uyewo kucherechedza ndechokuti simba zvoupfumi uye zviri pamutemo maumbirwo usingazungunuke pfuma kuva munhu asina zvaisanganisira uye airspace, riri pamusoro pemvura yacho, nokuti ane pasocial hunhu uye rwunokwanisa anazvo neHurumende pachayo. Chete pasitendi paruzhinji mari, Real Estate pfungwa anopa nechekuita mukugarisana vose chezvinonhuwira mitezo, izvo dziri mune wehunyambiri fungidziro.

ehupfumi

Basic zvikuru ehupfumi, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva pfungwa "wenhaka chaiye", - kwayo zvinhu, kuomarara uye nepotreblyaemost, uye vane mamwe marudzi uye genera kwezviratidzo yakavakirwa zvavo hwaro.

Zvinokoshawo kuti kutaura kuti pane yose mazita muganhu pakati pfungwa chaiyo uye pachake zvinhu. MuRussia, nokuti zita ravo unogamuchirwa kushandisa mashoko okuti "nouchapupu vasingasiyani chikamu" uye "zvinhu zviri usingazungunuke pfuma." Rinokosha muchiitiko ichi vanonzi zvinoumba alienable pfuma kuti haangaparadzaniswi pasina kukonzera disproportionate kukuvara kwete chete chinhu, asi vo vamene.

Kuva zvakare chinhu chinjwa zvinhu kuti vave zvakananga noukama chaihwo munda nevakawanda chinangwa, uye kushumira unogona kuparadzaniswa ne nhengo Mutongo muridzi (pakuvara fenicha, imwe chandelier zvichingodaro).