Chii mafuta?

Oil sezvo zviwanikwa aizivikanwa wose kuchikoro. Asi kwete vose vanoziva chii Wakaitwa sei mined uye apo rinoshandiswa. Chii mafuta? muvhenganiswa iyi Mahydrocarbon iri mvura ezvinhu ane kunzwisisa marongerwo uye zvakazara gaseous kana zvimwe zvinhu. Kubva ibereke zviuru zvakawanda akasiyana zvinhu zvakasiyana.

deposits zvakaoma mafuta dziri yakadzika pasi pevhu. Pashure dzokubudisa zvinonzi kwakadonhera, nokudaro achibvisa tsvina vasingadiwi kwazviri.

Oiri - chinhu jikichira mvura, ine combustible ehupfumi. It ane chaicho kunhuwa. Ruvara mafuta kunogona zvakasiyana. It zvinoenderana sezvamunoita yayo, nzvimbo inoshandiswa uye ingabva Hauoneki kune dema. Traditional nokuti Zvisaririra iri shava ruvara ine zvishoma greenish tint.

Chii mafuta, takazoziva ikozvino kuongorora sezvamunoita kwayo. Chikuru maererano mafuta mamiriro ndiyo kabhoni. Zviri pamusoro 80-87 muzana. Kubva 11 kusvika 15 muzana ari murwiyo mafuta anotora rehydrogen. Uyezve, ine sarufa, senitrogen, okisijeni, cobalt, nickel, aruminiyamu, simbi, barium, manganese nevamwe zvine maatomu akafanana. mugove wavo zvachose gobvu ndiro kunyora nezvavo. zvinhu zvose zvinoumba remubatanidzwa wenyika Organic uye inorganic hunhu.

Kunze chokuti mafuta ichi, tisingatauri ehupfumi ayo. Chinonyanya kukosha kwavari, kuti vanhu anoshandisa kuti mukuru zvakadini, zviri kukwanisa govera yakawanda kupisa kana kupiswa. Oiri - ndiwo mumwe mukuru simba zvinyorwa. Products izvo anobudiswa kubva, vane chepamusorosoro mwero combustion kupisa.

Achishandisa enzvimbo mafuta sezvo zvimwe mvura sasana panguva kubika, zviri kure-siyana zvikamu zviduku. Oiri rinoumbwa siyana zvinoriumba kuti ave gaseous panguva tembiricha dzakasiyana. At 200 madhigirii vari dzinounzwa Mahydrocarbon kungova peturu chakapatsanurwa pa 250 - naphtha Mahydrocarbon. At 250-315 madhigirii vakashanduka kabhoni eparafini-gasi mafuta chakapatsanurwa, uye nenguva 350 - carbons mafuta. Pashure kusimbisa ose makuru Mapato anoramba tara.

Chii mafuta, regai vanhu vazive zvakawanda mashomanana chemakore BC. VaIjipiti vekare akarishandisa sezvo mushonga uye sezvo chivakwa zvinhu. KuMiddle Ages, akadzidza sei kubuda reparafini.

Pakutanga, vanhu vakashandisa chete mafuta pamusoro pemvura. Ipapo injini kuvamba simbi chibooreso matsime uye musimudze mafuta kuti pose kubva panyika.

Modern kuchera zvicherwa izvi zvoga chose. Munyika yose, zviuru makiromita ane mapaipi. Sezvo mafuta zvikuru gobvu, izvozvo akamudzinga kubva pombi chaiwo pombi.

Pane dzidziso mbiri yaigara peturu. Maererano shanduro biogenic kwakabva mafuta - ndicho zvisaririra zvemhuka uye zvinomera. Vakanga kushandurwa pasi goko mu mvura iyi mamiriyoni akawanda emakore. Supporters Pfungwa isingabatanidzi zvinhu zvipenyu shanduro dzinoti chinhu inorganic kwakabva Zvisaririra ichi.

Murwiyo mafuta uye unhu kunobva dhipoziti nzvimbo. oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo zvinogadzirwa muruwa Baku, ane mugove cycloparaffins uye vakaderera kabhoni nemiganhu. Grozny mafuta, Ukuwo, akapfuma vakaomerwa kabhoni. Northern Oil rine zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon akawanda.

Mafuta, pamwe gasi, ndiyo huru yakatsvuka zvinhu uye simba mabviro vanhu. Products akaita nawo zvinoshandiswa sectors dzose upfumi. Maererano vanoshingaira kukura deposits uye kudiwa mafuta nhasi reserves ayo zvikuru kwezvinoshandiswa. Naizvozvo, unofanira unyatsoshandisa zvikaramba kupfuma, kuvandudza kubudiswa kushanda ari Zvisaririra, kuti vatsvake minda itsva uye nzira mafuta kubva makuru pakadzika.