Bhatiri yezuva rakasvibirira: kubvunzurudza, maitiro, zviito

Kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva ndiyo imwe nzira yekusakwanisa kushandisa simba. Inyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzinobvumira kushandiswa kwemazuva emagetsi ekupenya mumugwagwa, kupisa uye kupenya kwemadzimba maduku. Nhasi hazvisi zvisizvo kuti magetsi ezuva anopa, izvo zvinobvumira kupa magetsi muzhizha.

Solar panels

Chigadziri chine nhamba huru yevatori ve photoelectric vanobatanidzwa mune imwe chete, uye kune batari yezuva.

Kana iri batari yezuva, zvakakosha kuva nechiedza chakananga, simba rayo rinoshandurwa kuva magetsi emhepo.

Mabhatiri akaiswa munzvimbo idzodzo mazuva ezuva anowedzera gore rose. Kunyange zvakadaro, nzvimbo yakakura inobata kukwanisa kwebhetri yezuva . Mushure mokunge zvose zvichinyanya kubva kubva padanda, iyo inowedzera masikati machena. Asi kunyange munzvimbo yepakati yeRussia munguva yechando yezuva panels inopedza magetsi kushandiswa kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye muzhizha inoita kuti zvikwanise kunyange kutengesa zvakasara.

Bhabheri yezuva inonzi monocrystalline, polycrystalline uye yakaonda-firimu.

Inotungamirirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemakristuru mupolycrystalline mabheteri anobvumira kuderedza kuzvidzora pane zvakananga mashizha ezuva. Mabhetiti akadaro nhasi anonyanya kupararira, anoshandiswa kujekesa zvivako zvevanhu uye dzimba dzevanhu. Kazhinji, kupenya mumugwagwa padare rezuva kunowanzoitwa nepolycrystalline.

Solar panels for cottages

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nharo huru pamusoro pekuiswa kwezuva panharaunda munyika iyi yaive mari yavo. Nhasi, izvi zvinotanga kubudisa mishonga yezvokudyara, maitengo ayo ari pasi, sarudzo yakawanda, uye kugadziriswa kwebasa zvinodhura.

Mazuva ano teknolojia inonyatsokwanisa kugarisana nekuvhenekera nzvimbo uye kuve nekugadzirisa kushandiswa kweimba yemidziyo. Ichokwadi, izvi zvinoda bhateri yebheteri yezuva, uyewo mutongi webhadharo uye inverter inoshandura DC kuA AC.

Nhasi unogona kutenga sarudzo yakakwana yezvigadzirwa zvezuva-mini-magetsi panzvimbo yezhizha kana imba duku ine uzvigadziro hwebasa mukati maawa makumi maviri nemaviri. Simba rezvigadzirwa zvemasimba akadaro 235 W rine bhati simba re 2.4 kWh.

Vagadziri veatari mabheti

Mabhetiriti anokwanisa kubhadhara ndeimwe chikamu chinokosha chemazuva ano mashizha emagetsi.

Mumazuva akajeka ezuva, mashizha ezuva anowedzera simba rakawanda remagetsi pane magetsi emagetsi, uye usiku, apo kujekesa kunonyanya kukosha, usashanda zvachose. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuchengeta nekuchengetedza magetsi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwayo kwekupedzisira.

Bhati rechargeable yebheteri yezuva uye yakagadzirirwa yunifomu uye isinganzwisisiki magetsi.

Uyezve, mabheti rechargeable (AKB) akavhara peak mitoro, yakakura zvikuru pamapodomodules, shandisa simba rakachengetedzwa murima, kuripa mutsauko mune simba rakagadzirwa uye rinopedzwa mumamiriro ekunze ane makore.

Nzira dzekubatanidza bheteri

Kazhinji kacho, rimwe bhatiri harina kukwanira kuti rive nesimba rose rezuva, uye unoshandisa mabhatiri akafanana-siyana. Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti dzinofanira kunge dzichibva kune imwe chete iyo.

Nzira nhatu dzekubatanidza (kushandura) bhatiri dzinoshandiswa kuwedzera huwandu hwemagetsi ehurongwa.

Nekubatana kwakafanana, mabheti ose akaiswa, uye huwandu hwemhepo yakakwana hwakaenzana nemhepo mune imwe shumbi.

Kushandiswa kwemashure, pane zvinopesana, kunobvumidza kuvhara matanho ose, uye simba racho rinoramba richienzana nekwanisi yebheteri rimwe mudunhu.

Iyo inobereka yakawanda inosanganiswa yakafanana-yakabatana, iyo iyo miviri yekudzivirira uye zvigadziro zvinopfupiswa.

Ichokwadi, nekubatana uku, mabheti anozviisa pasi pekusagadzikana, kureva kuti, kuwanda kwevhiri kuchava nguva dzose, asi kune rimwe nerimwe bheteri kuverenga kwayo kuchachinja. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukuti mamwe mabhatiri haasati adzorerwa, uye vamwe vanopomerwa pamusoro pezvakagadzirwa, uye zvigadzirwa zvinobudiswa vasati vasvika.

Nokudaro, rimwe nerimwe rezuva rinofanira kusanganisira gorosi rekuchengetedza gorosi uye kuruka, izvo zvinobatanidza midpoints yekuzvidzivirira kwevhiri mubhateri.

Zvichengetedzo zvekutakura mabheti emagetsi ezuva

Bhati rechargeable yebheteri rezuva rinofanira kugutsa huwandu hwezvinoda. Inofanira kumira nhamba yakawanda yekubhadhara / kubuda kwemitambo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuzvisimudza kunofanira kunge kusina kukwana, uye kukosha kwekubhadhara ikozvino kwakakura, uye kushanda kwehutano yakakura yakazara.

Nhasi, vashandi vatove vachigadzira mabheti anokosha, ayo anonzi mabheti ezuva, ayo anogadzirisa zvizere izvi zvinoda.

Chigadziriro chemasero ezuva ane maitiro akadai uye mutongi wemutoro inokubvumira kuunganidza simba uye kuichengeta nehuwandu hwehutano. A network inverter - ishandure kuti ibatane midziyo yeimba uye chiedza.

Sarudzo Criteria

Sarudza bheteri yezuva panamapuranga eimba iwe unoda mamiriyoni emiganhu.

Iyo inonyanya kukosha pane iyi inokwanisa. Kubva pane simba rinoshandiswa simba, inofungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwekubatsira hunoverengerwa, hunowedzerwa ne 35-50%, uye ikozvino imwechete kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekufananidza kusarudzwa zvinosarudzwa. Bhatiri rine simba rakakwana rinomira kusvika mazuva mana.

Nguva yekubuda uye kubhadhara. Pakati pemapandi maviri aya ane chiyero chimwechete, inofanirwa iyo iyo nguva shomanana inotarisirwa kubhadhara.

Izvo simba rekutungamirira-asidi yebheteri kunobva pauremu hwekutungamira mairi, saka hukuru hwebheteri, iyo inowedzera simba rayo chaiyo. Paunosarudza, teerera kuremera uye kuenzana kwechigadzirwa.

Vagadziri vanoisa mararamiro ekushisa okushanda uye nguva yakawanda yekuchengetedza kwezvigadzirwa zvavo, uye izvi zviratidzo zvinofanirawo kuverengwa.

Zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvinoratidza nguva yekushandiswa kwebhateri, nhamba yezvakasiyana-siyana (yakakwirira iyi parameter, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaenzana, zviri nani) uye muwandu wekuzvidzivirira pamwedzi.

Paunenge uchiverenga zviyero zvebheteri, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekurasikirwa kwemazuva panguva yekuchengetedza uye kutendeuka. Kubudirira kwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvemasvosvita ezuva ndeye 85%.

Mhando dzemabhatiriyoni ezuva rinotarisa

Maitiro emotokari akajairika haasati agadzirirwa nhamba yakawanda yezvakatenderera uye anozivikanwa nekuzvidzivirira kuzvidzora. Pamusoro pemapuranga, zvipfeko zvakasiyana zvachose zvinoshandiswa.

1. AGM-accumulators, mukuvakwa kweizvi pakati pemagetsi ekugadzira girazi iri munharaunda ye electrolyte. Chigadzirwa chakadaro chinogona kushandiswa mune chero chinzvimbo, pamutengo wakaderera uye kuwedzera kwakaderera kweanenge 80% kunogona kumira kusvika kumakuromita mazana mashanu uye kunoratidzwa nepamusoro yekutengesa.

Izwi rekushanda harisi rakakura kwazvo - makore mashanu, uye inoshandiswa kutarisa yakatarwa inongopera 15-25 ° С, asi inokurumidza kupomerwa - inotora maawa masere anopfuura makumi matanhatu kuti awanezve, inogona kutakurwa mune imwe nyika inotengesa uye inoshandiswa muimba isina kukwana mhepo.

AGM-mabhatiri anokurumidza kukundikana nemhaka yekuwedzeredza, asi underloading inotumirwa zvakagutsikana zvikuru.

2. Geri bhatiri yebheteri yezuva rinogonawo kushanda mune chero nzvimbo. Iyo gel-kufanana gel electrolyte inochengetwa mu pores ye silika gel, iyo inoshanda semusana weplate. Kubatsira kusinganzwisisiki kwechigadzirwa ichi - magetsi haagone, nokuti nzvimbo yose isina mahwanda yakazadzwa nejeri, uye naizvozvo, mukana wekuti pfupi pfupi hauna kubviswa. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kukurira kusununguka kwakakwana uye nhamba yakawanda yezvakatenderera, inenge imwe nehafu yenguva yakawanda kupfuura mabheti eAAGM akafanana. Asi mutengo wavo wakareba zvikuru.

Pasinei nemutengo, geleri inowedzera mari, haifaniri kugadziriswa, inogona kusunungurwa zvachose pasina kukanganisa, mazuva mashomanana, kurashikirwa kwezvinhu mukati mavo hazvina basa nekuda kwekuzvidzivirira zvishoma.

3. OPZS mabheteri, izvo zvinonzi mazadziro ekuzadza ane electrolyte yakasvibirira, asingatsvaki kuchengetedza, yakagadzirirwa zvakananga kubudiswa nemhepo yakadzika. Vanomira nhamba yakawanda kwazvo yemiganhu yakadzika, iyo inoshandiswa, sekutonga, mune masimba ane simba ane simba ezuva, uye ivo ivo pachavo vanodhura.

Solar charge controller

Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakagadzirirwa kutonga uye kugadzirisa huwandu hwebhadha pabhateri. Vanodzivirira bhatiro kubva pakuzadzwa kwakakwana, uye kubva pakuvhara zvakanyanya.

Chengetedza vatariri vakakosha zvikuru zvinhu zvezuva. Vanopa mabhiriji ematsetseti ekutengesa mabheji, kuvhara kamwe-kamwe kana bhatiro yazara zvakakwana uye ine zvishoma zvidha - mitoro, kubatanidza photomodules apo bhatiri inoda kubhadharwa, uye kuyananisira mitoro mushure mekubhadhara.

Mutengo wepamusoro uye wakawanda weVe / Off controllers unogadzirisa magetsi ezuva kubva kubheri apo magetsi anosvika pamucheto, kudzivirira mabheti kuti arege kutengesa zvizere uye nokudaro nekuderedza upenyu hwavo.

PWM vatungamiri vanoshanda paPWM (pulse width modulation) teknolojia, mari uye inoshanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira zuva. Vanomira kutengesa, vachibvumira bheti kuti iite zvakakwana. Akaisa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro muzasi-simba, kusvika 2 kW, zvigadziri nebheteri shomanana.

MPRT-vatongi vanodzora masimba makuru emapuranga. Iyo inonyanya kushanda mumitambo yezuva, asiwo yakawanda kupfuura inodhura kupfuura dzimwe mhando.

Vagadziri veatriti yezuva

Mumusika weRussia hapasi vazhinji vanogadziri vemhando iyi yemhando.

CSB Battery Co., Ltd. (Taiwan) inopa bateri-lead acid yakagadzirwa kuburikidza neTV teknolojia, nehupenyu hwehutano hwemakore gumi, yakarongwa pa 12 V, kubva pa26 kusvika ku100 Ah pamutengo we2,6 kusvika ku8 , 2 000 rubles.

Inenge mabheti akafanana anobudiswa neShandong Sacred Sun Power Sources Co., Ltd (China).

HAZE Battery Company Ltd (Great Britain) inopa geltiriyeri nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemakore gumi nemaviri, kushanda magetsi 12 V, yakakura kubva pa15 kusvika 230 A * h uye kutonhora kubva kune -20 kusvika ku50 ° C pamatengo kubva 7 kusvika ku 28 000 .

SSKGroup (Russia-Belgium) inogadzira gelisi yakachengetedza mabheteri ekuchengetedza mabheti ezuva neomunhu anosungwa nemurazvo ane upenyu hwehupenyu hwemakore gumi nemashanu, masimba kubva pa100 kusvika 180 A * h pamitengo kubva pa11 kusvika ku19000 makuru.

Vanogadzira mashizha ezuva

Kwenguva yakareba vatori vemazuva emabhatiri ezuva vaiva Japan, Germany, USA uye China. Mapurisa ezuva reRussia anounganidza kubva pane zvakagadzirwa munyika idzi. Mabhetiri ezuva anonyanya kuzivikanwa emhepo ane mutengo unodhura anoshandiswa nepolycrystalline silicon, yakabudiswa muGermany uye United States.

Nhasi vashandi veRussia havangobvumiri mahara modules, asiwo vanovandudza zvitsva, zvakadai seKvant kuMoscow.

Krasnodar kambani "Sunny Wind" inobereka kwete kwete modules chete, asiwo yakagadzirirwa kumba kwezvivako zvezuva. Anogadzira mashandisirwo emagetsi ezuva uye "SolarInTech" kubva kuZelenograd.

Muchengeterwo wemari, mamwe mashizha emagetsi ezuva, kusanganisira mapurogiramu akaitwa akagadzirwa. Asi nedzimwe uyanzvi hweunyanzvi nekutsungirira, iwe unogona kuzvimiririra kuverenga hurongwa hwemamiriro ekushanda chaiwo uye unotora midziyo inofanirwa: masikati, mabhatiri, vatongi vevasiki vakasiyana-siyana mumutengo wakakura. Nokudaro zvinogoneka kuchengetedza pane zvimwe zvikamu, zvichizviunganidza zvisingatauri kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvisina kujekeswa, somuenzaniso, mutungamiriri.