Bharometer aneroid: mishonga yemhuri yekuyera dambudziko rekumhepo

Chii chinonzi barometer? Iri izwi remagetsi rinowanzozivikanwa sechigadziro chekuyera dambudziko remukati. Mhando mbiri dzemarometer dzaishandiswa zvikuru. I mercury barometer inoshandiswa kuyera kukanganiswa kwemhepo kunonyanya pane zvivako zvemeteorological.
Icho chinotonyanya kuoma, asi chinopa kunyatsorurama kwekuyera, saka masayendisiti anosarudza iyo kwaari. Bharometer yemhando iyi yakaumbwa uye yakagadzirwa nesayenzi weItaly Evangelista Torricelli muna 1644. Nheyo yekushanda kwayo ndiyo kuenzanisa kwekomberi ye mercury ine koromo yemhepo yekudenga. Nokuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe mercury, kukwirira kwendarira yacho duku (kana zvichinzi kudengenyeka kwemhepo inokwana 760 millimeters ye mercury, izvi zvinoreva kuti mhepo yepamhepo iri pachiyero inomanikidza nesimba rimwechete).

Bharometer inoratidzirwa isimbi yakaoma kwazvo. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa yechigadzirwa ichi yakaratidzwa inenge panguva imwe chete nekugadzirwa kwe mercury barometer (izvi zvakaitwa muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe remasayendisiti nemusayendisiti weGermany Gottfried Leibniz), asi chimiro chekuita kwechiGiriki chikuru chakagamuchirwa makore maviri chete gare gare. Muna 1847, nyanzvi yekuFrance ane tarenda Lucien Vidi akasika bharometer yekutanga yenyika. Chii chinonyanya kushanda?

Bharometer yainzi "aneroid," kureva, anhydrous. Neshoko iri, muumbi aida kusimbisa kuti chigadziro hachishandisi chero mvura, kunze kwe mercury barometer, iyo inonzi sensitive isimbi yesimbi.
Muchidimbu, chinhu chinonyanya kuvhara ibhokisi rakaiswa chisimbiso chezvinhu zvakasvibiswa, izvo, kana dambudziko rekudenga richisimudzwa kana kuderedzwa, rinobvumirana zvishoma kana kuti rinowedzera. Nzira yevhutsi inotungamirira museve, iyo pane imwe nzvimbo yakanyatsopedza kudzidza inoratidza kushanda kwepasi mumamilimita e mercury.

Zvingaita sokuti hapana chakaoma, uye bharometer inobatsira ingave yakasikwa pamwero we teknolojia yekufambisa nguva yose yeTurricelli nguva uye isati yasvika. Sei izvi zvisina kuitika? Zvingangodaro, kusanganiswa kwezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita basa pano. Chinhu chokutanga uye chikuru ndechekuti pakange pasina chikonzero chechimbo chakadaro panguva iyoyo. Ichokwadi, meteorology semasayenzi yakanga ichangobva kubuda, uye kuvimba kwezvishoma zvishoma mumhepo yekumhepo uye mamiriro okunze zvakangowanikwa chete nevasayenzi venguva. Mukuwedzera, zvichida, kusavapo kwenyaya yakakodzera yebhokisi rakakonzerwa (rinofanira kunge rakagamuchirwa uye risingatauri panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu) rave rakaita basa. Nekubudirira kwesayenzi, zvose zvekutanga uye zvechipiri mamiriro ezvinhu zvakaguma kudzivirira kusikwa kwekurima.

Mushure mekugadzirwa kweLuyen Vidi, bharometer inotanga kupararira yakatanga kupararira nokukurumidza kuburikidza nedzimba dzevanhu uye dzimba. Ikoko kwaiva nemafanho chaiwo: kuvapo kwechigadziri ichi mumba kwakasimbisa maitiro evanhu uye zvepfungwa zvemwene. Munhu akadaro, achitaura mumutauro wemazuva ano, ainzi "akafambisa".

Sezvo mhirizhonga yenyika dzakawanda (SI) yakagamuchirwa nenyika dzakawanda, kupedza chikoro chechikwata chechiyero chakawedzererwa nechiyero apo kukanganiswa kwakaratidzwa kwete mumamilimita e mercury (ichi hachisi chekushandisa sangano), asiwo mumapascals. Ikoko kunewo kupedza kudzidza kwechikwata chekurima muzvirairi. Bar - uyewo isiri-system unit, inenge yakaenzana nemhepo imwechete. Dzimwe nguva zvinonyanya kukoshesa kuyera kushandiswa mumagariro kunze kwema millimeters e mercury kana mumagadziriro emagetsi.

Zvisinei, tsika yekuyera dambudziko rekudenga mumamilimita e mercury yakanga yakasimba zvikuru. Kunyange iye zvino mumamiriro okunze ekunze, mhepo yemhepo inoratidzirwa mune izvi zvisiri zvigadzirwa.