Artist Bakst Lev Samoilovich: biography, creativity

Bakst Lion iByelorussia inobva, Russian mumweya, uyo akararama kwemakore akawanda muFrance, anozivikanwa munhoroondo seyemukuru weRussian, muchengeti wemasikirwo, mupepeti. Basa rake rinotarisira maitiro akawanda ezana remakore rechi20 muhudhi, inosanganisira zvinhu zvekufungidzira, zvemazuva ano uye zviratidzo. Bakst - mumwe wevakanyanyisa uye vakanatswa vanyori veRussia pakupera kwezana remakore, vakange vane simba guru kwete chete kune vekumba, asiwo kune tsika dzepasi.

Mhuri uye mwana

Bakst Lev Samoilovich akaberekwa muna 1866 mumhuri yevahedheni yechiJudha inonzi Belarusian yeGrodno. Mhuri yakanga yakakura, ine nheyo dzemhuri. Baba vake vaiva nyanzvi yeTamimu, iye aibatanidzwawo mune zvekutengeserana, mari yake yaive yakaderera, saka mwanakomana wake aiwanzogara na sekuru vake muPetersburg. Akanga akapfuma zvakakwana, akanga ari mufambiki wemafashoni, aida mararamiro uye mararamiro ehupenyu, akatungamirira nzira yeupenyu yeParisiti, iyo yaifarira zvikuru muzukuru wake. Akanga ari mukuru mukuru wemitambo uye akaisa chido ichi kuna Leo. Iko mukukudzwa kwaasekuru vake kuti jaya racho rinotora zita reBakst, richideredza zvishoma, panzvimbo yake chaiye - Rosenberg, iyo yaisati yaita sokuti haana kunyora nhetembo. Muhucheche hwake, mudivi weramangwana aifarira kutamba pamberi pehanzvadzi zvikamu zvebasa rake pachake, mukomana uyu aive nemafungiro emhirizhonga uye pachena kushandiswa kwekutora.

Kudzidza uye kudzidza

Pazera remakore gumi nemaviri akakunda mukwikwi wemufananidzo wakanaka weA. Zhukovsky mune gymnasium. Bhuku reSvondo rakarota yekudzidza kuveza, asi baba vake havana kuziva basa rakadaro rakawandisa muupenyu mukudhirowa, uye kwenguva yakareba mukomana aifanira kuita basa rake raaifarira pachivande, usiku. Sekupedzisira kukakavadzana, baba vakasarudza kukumbira mazano kubva kumuvezi wemifananidzo Marko Antokolsky, mifananidzo yemufananisi wemangwana akatumirwa kuParis. Uye apo mhinduro yacho yakagamuchirwa, kuti mumabasa tarenda yemunyori anonyatsooneka, baba vakapa.

Muna 1883 mumwe murume wechidiki akapinda muSt. Petersburg Academy of Arts kuva munyori wemabhuku . VaRevhi Bakst, avo vanozivikanwa iye zvino varipo nekusangana neunyanzvi, vakadzidza nevadzidzisi vakadaro saChrisyakov, Asknazia, Wenig, vakaratidza zvibereko zvakanaka kwemakore mana. Zvisinei, mushure mokurasikirwa nemakwikwi eChikemy nokuda kwemari yemari yesirivha, jaya racho rinosiya chikoro. Basa rake rakabviswa kubva pakurongwa kwevatori vechikonzero nekuda kwekuti vanhu vose vari mumufananidzo pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvebhaibheri zvaive nezvakaitwa nevaJudha. Uyu muimbi haana kukwanisa kumira. Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvidzidzo, unowanikwa pachikoro, unobatsira kwaari mune ramangwana.

Kutsvaga nzira mune unyanzvi

Kusiya zvidzidzo zvake, Bakst Leo anomanikidzwa kutarisa mari, baba vake vakafa, uye aida kubatsira mhuri, iyo yainyanya kuva nekurukuru vake. Akabatsirwa nechokwadi chokuti kunyange panguva dzekudzidza kwake akatanga mazita muimba yekudhinda, kwaakatanga kutora mabhuku asingadhuri. Kufadza basa iri iye haana kuisa, asi mari yakaunzwa. Muna 1890, anoswedera kuhama dzeBenois, dzinotanga Bakst muchitenderera chechidiki chekusika. Pasi pemagariro avo, muenzi wacho anofarira mvura yakakura. Ndiro denderedzwa iyi, iyo ichazotevera kuve musangano wezvesayenzi "World of Art", yakaumba maonero aBakst uye kutungamira kwake mukupenda. Muna 1891, Leo akatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nyika, akaenda kuGermany, Italy, Belgium neFrance, achishanyira musamuziyamu. Kubva muna 1893 kusvika muna 1896 akadzidza pa studio yeFrance artists muParis. Panguva ino, Leo anowana mukurumbira semvura yakanaka.

Bakst-portraitist

Murairi weku Leo Bakst akamanikidzwa kugara achiita mirairo iyo isina kumufadza. Akazorora uye akaita zvirongwa zvake mumifananidzo, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Vakaratidza nzira yakanakisisa yemuiti, unyanzvi hwake semudhiriri uye kukwanisa kwake kupinda mukati mehutano hwemunhu. Kutanga kupora mapiritsi muna 1896, nguva nenguva akatendeukira kumhando iyi muupenyu hwake hwose. Pakati pebasa rake rakanakisisa ndiyo mifananidzo ya A. Benois, I. Levitan, mabasa akakura epakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, mifananidzo yeZ. Gippius, I. Rubinshtein, S. Diaghilev ane nanny, J. Cocteau, V. Zukini. Zvose zvemifananidzo yemufananidzo inoumbwa nemifananidzo, wakaita mifananidzo yeavo vakwezva, kunyora mifananidzo yevanozivana neshamwari.

Bakst-painter

Leo Bakst, avo vane mifananidzo yakashamiswa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, vakaedza zvakawanda nemhando inoyevedza. Aigona kunyorera mapuroti akaoma, uye anogona kugadzira tambo yakaoma nekubatsirwa kweganda. Akashanda zvishomanana mumhando yemamiriro ezvinhu, asi mabasa anowanikwa anoratidza maonero emunyanzvi. Mumabasa "Near Nice", "Olive Grove", "Sunflowers pasi peSuva", chiedza uye mweya wezvakasikwa zvinonzwika, maonero akanaka emunyori anoendeswa. Lev Bakst, uyo kuratidzwa kwake nhasi kunogona kuunganidza nhamba yakawanda yevashandi vebasa rake mune rimwe guta muguta rose, haana kuzvivimba maari semufananidzo. Naizvozvowo akakurudzirwa nekutungamirirwa kubva kunze uye haana kuve nenzira yakajeka, yega yekunyora. Asi pasina mubvunzo masterpieces mabasa ake "Kudya", "Mu cafe", "Anotyisa".

Bakst uye yemitambo

Yakawanda yehutano hwake Bakst Lev Samoilovich yakaratidzwa mumitambo. Akanga achifarira zvikuru chimiro ichi. Lev Bakst, chiratidziro chezvinyorwa zvematambo uye zvipfeko zvinogara zvichiendeswa nemuswi, zvinoshanda zvakawanda uye zvinonakidza zvikuru kumitambo yeS. S. Diaghilev. Anopenya nekunaka mabhallets Shakherezada, Cleopatra, Narcissus, Firebird. Bakst akava mubatanidzwa chaiwo wezviratidzo, achibatanidza chinangwa chemutungamiri mumamiriro ekunze, magetsi, zvipfeko. Kubva muna 1910, muenzi wacho anogara muParis uye anobata pamwe nemitambo S. Diaghilev. Inobatanidzwa pamwe naye uyo Bakst anoita shanduko chaiyo muzvidzidzo uye zvinyorwa zvekuita.

Kune tarenda yakasiyana-siyana

Bakst Leo haana kungozviratidza pachake mukupenda uye kuratidza, zvirokwazvo, aiva muumbi. Kazhinji aiuya nezvipfeko, uye kwete chete pamusara. Ndiye iye akasika ikirango, sechinhu chinonzi chirevo chingareva nhasi, nokuda kwebhuku rinonzi World of Art. Akasika michina yekunaka kwevakadzi vakawanda 'boudoir, nekuisa Diaghilev Entreprise. Bakst akashandawo pakusikwa kwezviratidzwa zvekuratidzira. Kushanda pazvipfeko zvemafirimu, Leo akawana tarenda yemuorivhi, akacheka mifananidzo yemadzimai 'akafuka uye akazova mufambisi wemafashoni chaiwo mu Art Art. Akazovawo mudzidzisi akanaka. Erizaveta Zvantseva akakokera Bakst kuchikoro chake chekudhiridza muna 1900, kwaakaedza kubatsira matarenda maduku kuwana chimiro chavo mukupenda. Ndiye iye akatanga kuona tarenda mumudzidzi wake - Marc Chagall.

Upenyu hwega

Lev Bakst, uyo ane mifananidzo yakanakidzwa nekubudirira kwakadaro uye akamuunza mukurumbira mukuru, haana kubudirira zvachose muupenyu hwake hwega. Rudo rwake rwokutanga kumukurukadzi wechiFrench Marcel Jossé akanga asingafari zvikuru. Yakapera chete nekuda kwekubva kwechirongwa kubva kuParis. MuPetersburg, anofanana nemwanasikana waP. Tretyakov, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva chirikadzi ane mwana mumaoko ake. Bakst inobvuma chiLutanism kuitira kuti iwanane nemudzimai. Imba yacho haina kubudirira, kunyange mwanakomana wemuimbi, Andrei, akaberekeramo. Vakaroorana vakapedza nguva yakawanda mukuparadzanisa uye pakupedzisira vakarambana muna 1910. Asi akaenderera mberi kuva neshamwari nemukadzi wake wekare nemwanasikana wake, muna 1921, pamusana wekukoka kwake, vakakwanisa kubva muSoviet Union ndokugara muParis.

Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Bakst akashanda zvakaoma muParis, America, England, izvi zvakaderedza utano hwake, uye musi waDecember 28, 1924, akafa kamwe kamwe.