Architecture: asi capstone.

Decorative zvinhu zviri chinokosha chezvinonhuwira mapurani nemamiriro kunyorwa mufananidzo. Mumwe akitekicha anonyanya akagadzirwa decoration mashoko zvaro. Mumwe wavo dombo rinokosha. Its kukosha ezvivako kazhinji kunoratidzwa yakawanda.

Chii dombo rinokosha iri mapurani?

Saka mamiriro anonzi zvakasimba yakabudikira kubva ndege porusvingo chinhu, ari yokupedzisira chematenga kana yokufeva rakatenderera. Kazhinji ane chimiro achikanganisa. Made nezvinhu zvinodhura. Uyezve, imwe decoration dombo rinokosha rine dzichipfekeka kukosha - kunosimbisa kwedenga mamiriro iri kusagadzikana, chokwadi panzvimbo yayo.

Stone sechiratidzo

Shoko rokuti "dombo rinokosha" munguva yakafanira kosi akapinda hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye akava chiratidzo simba uye isimbe, inobva chinokosha, nechepakati chinhu ari "kugadzirwa" yose. Somuenzaniso, mune zvematongerwo enyika - munzanga iri zvakasimba tichiregeredza simba mutongi ane simba uye akachenjera. In chiKristu, ndiye "capstone" inowanzotaurwa nezvayo muBhaibheri hwaro muzvitendero uye chokwadi nezvokumuka kwaJesu Kristu sezvo nheyo chitendero. Kana kurambwa kana zvinonzwisisika achinyatsoramba chokwadi ichi pachayo chitendero chiKristu chaizoshatiswa vakatongerwa.

nyaya

Arch mazano zvakatanga zvaishandiswa unyanzvi kuvakwa maererano Etruscans. Vakanga vakazobvumirana nevaRoma uye airemekedzwa nokuda chishamiso. Imhaka yokuti mune mhemberero nedzokuisa ari yokufeva magadzirirwo capstone ivo akaperekedza mutsika ndehwechokwadi. Romans yakabereka chidimbu ichi pakubhadhara zvinodhura kuti namabwe namatanda. Nepo dombo rinokosha kwedenga haina seari pamusoro magadzirirwo. Wakadzingwa achikanganisa mariri kuitira kuti akava chibooreso yake uye akatora pamusoro rakawanda mutoro pamusoro chematenga rutsigiro.

Dombo rinokosha: mutsa, chinangwa

Kana kushongedzwa zvivako, ivo keystones vari nyore, rine zvikamu zvitatu achikanganisa serin'i, muzinda inomira kupfuura divi. Kazhinji yakashongedzwa rusununguko kana mascaron - rokuyamura mufananidzo tomu chemhuka kana munhu munhu.

Animal motifs pamasikiro nokupiringidza matombo aiva nezvaanoreva zvokufananidzira, zvakafanana zvinoreva kuti mazango yekare, unoratidza pamusoro "matauro" - mapuranga, unobva vadyi panosangana prichelin denga kari France. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, yavanobata rwokudzivirira basa. Uye pamusoro penyika aigona kuiswa chiratidzo chine mashoko pamusoro munyori meimba. Zvakafanana chitambi kana monogram. tsika iyi mberi pamwe Ages. Vakawanda mufananidzo weshumba snouts. Pashure pezvose, shumba kunge chiratidzo mukurumari, simba, ushingi uye ushingi, uyewo simba vari Ages mumaguta chinyakare. Ivo vairinda mukova weimba vanokudzwa uye kunyange vanoratidzwa mazano matanga.

Kushandiswa manyorero mirayiridzo Petersburg

It yakabuda pamusoro pamahombekombe Neva rimwe guta idzva European St. Petersburg rokutanga Danho aiva Mazankova uye dzimba emapuranga. Zvisinei, pashure 1718, musi Vasilevsky Island, uye gare gare pamahombekombe kuruboshwe, akatanga kuvaka ibwe chairwo imba chakagadzirirwa kubudikidza murongedzeri guta rokutanga Domenico Trezzini. Petersburg werudzii wokutanga kota XVIII remakore, unonzi Petro kana mangwanani Russian Baroque. Mumwe maitiro decoration zvinhu zvaiva nyore hwindo mapuranga "nenzeve" panguva pamakona. Chimwe - dombo rinokosha iri pakati pegomo kubhawa casing kana kumusoro. Izvi ibwe decoration panguva yakanga zvipfupi kwazvo uye, sezvo mutemo, regai shongedza hapana frills.

Munguva Elizabeth keystones vava kupfuura decoration chitarisiko. Vakanga yakashongedzwa kutwasuka grooves, nenguo maoko uye kuzorodzwa Kushongedzwa, zvishongo, uye dzimwe nguva zvose yakatsiviwa stucco. Panguva iyi, kuvaka pamadziro chinopinda mahwindo zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira imwe semicircular yokufeva, apo ari "zororo" yenyu capstone. Nenzira, iye akatanga kushandisa pamusoro Maberere ino mhando - kunyange dzekare, kazhinji zviri dzekare mapurani.

Sezvo 1830 kuSt Petersburg classicism ari yakarongedzwa iyo keystones kuitwa kunyanya muchimiro Mascaron, zvishoma nezvishoma kwakatsiva zvinotevera zvekunyanyisa - eclecticism. Imomo kutungamirira "historicism" mukati werudzii ichi, patsva uwandu itsva uye nzira decoration zvinhu yapfuura mapurani zvekunyanyisa. On zvivako iyi, unogona kuwana siyana zvishongo matombo wenhare.

Mukutanga XX remakore mapurani kuchamhembe ano keystones akatanga kutora chimiro uye kushandisa miriwo uye zoomorphic motifs.