Andzhey Vayda vake penya mafirimu. Biography uye mufananidzo mukuru

Iye - ndeimwe rakakurumbira uye vakakurumbira firimu kwete chete muna Eastern Europe asiwo yose. Iye - theatre wokuimba, screenwriter uye mutungamiriri. Nokuti mupiro mukuru kuna nyika mabhaisikopo, waikudzwa kuva Kumukundi ari honorary "Oscar" uye vazhinji dzakawanda mibayiro uye mibayiro. Kare 50s remakore rechimakumi maviri, iye pfupi akakwanisa kuwana kutendeseka ari firimu, kana iye akava mumwe vatungamiriri chikoro chitsva vokuPoland, uye anoramba saka nhasi, pasinei panzvimbo kukwegura. Iye - guru Andzhey Vayda, murume akachinja nemaonero cinema.

Childhood Masters

The ramangwana Mambo cinematography akaberekwa March 6, 1926. chiitiko ichi chakaitika ari kuchamhembe kwePoland, mutaundi Suwalki. Zviri munzvimbo idzi apo vezvikwata zvechiuto rakanga riri kupi akashumira baba vake, Jakub. Aiva mukuru bhiza atirari, mutungamiri 41st chemazana chehondo. Amai, Aniela, akashanda mudzidzisi.

Ari maviri - thirties okutanga munzvimbo idzi vakapfuura nomuganhu Poland, uye dzimba dzakabatana. mhuri Wajda vaigara mumatumba, kusvikira baba vangu akanzi rimwe taundi ruwa Radom, waiva kumaodzanyemba uye pedyo Warsaw.

Mumwe zvevana nemaonero ari mukomana akanga ari muchiuto kupira muviri, vachiongorora, anoratidza siyana uye kunyange dzakarongwa mariro. Gare gare, muna 1939, kubva yemauto nzira akatungamirira ngaatarire mberi, pasi dzehondo muvengi. Yakanga asisiri kupira, asi panoparadzana mutsetse pakati upenyu uye rufu.

The kurasikirwa rokutanga

Muna September 1939, mauto eSoviet muna Eastern Poland. Baba Andrzej ari nhapwa yeSoviet. Kune vamwe vasungwa vake Polish vakuru mujeri mumusasa, ipapo vapfurwa Katyn. Zvadaro, kurwadziwa, uyewo ndangariro hondo, dzvuku dingindira achipfuura basa rose Kumutungamiriri. In Mifananidzo ake Wajda haangavi nezvazvo ake kare, kunyange pauduku hwake Mutungamiriri raiwanzobatana panguva Warsaw yemuna. Iye achakuudza zvachose nevamwe vanhu - refuteneti mukuru Zadar, mumwe signaller Daisy, magamba firimu "Canal" - pamusoro vanhu vanoda vari mumafirimu, uye vaona chete maawa mashoma zuva muupenyu chaihwo ...

Kubva kuchikoro kushanda

Muna 1939 Andzhey Vayda vakapemberera ayo gore rechi13. Raiva zuva rekupedzisira pakuzvarwa, iyo baba vake varipo. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, iye akanyangarika. Andrew anoenda giredhi rechi8, asi pamwe nokutambudzika Second World War, aifanira kusiya chikoro. Kuti tidzivise kuwira boka nevakomana vari nechisimba akatumira yokuGermany Reich, mukomana awana basa. Akashandura yakawanda ounyanzvi hwokugadzira: aiva longshoreman, mudzidzi Cooper, mumwe draftsman, basa rokupenda, mumwe mutengesi womuchitoro mumusangano German. Kunyange vaifamba painter akabatsira kudzorera Pamifananidzo mumakereke. Panguva payakatora nyika wavo muduku Andzhey Vayda haana zvinobatanidzwa mukurwa, asi aiva nhengo pachivande Home Army yokuzviparadzanisa, uye kunyange akatora mhiko.

How kusarudza mugwara muupenyu?

Kubatsira vaifamba mumigwagwa Painters mu kudzorerwa Pamifananidzo iri kereke nomukomana vakakanganiswa akatanga mufananidzo. Saizvozvo wakange kuberekwa hope pakuva emhizha. Hazvina Kurota uku, uye chave chokwadi kuti pashure pehondo, muna 1946, Andzhey Vayda akapinda Krakow Academy of Arts Akanaka. Asi iye akadzidza ikoko kwemakore matatu chete. Future mukuru inofamba iri Lodz yechikoro mabhaisikopo ari vanotungamira dhipatimendi. Zvisinei, pamwe kupenda haapiwi vakaparadzana uye akaramba kubatanidzwa kuratidzira zhinji.

Andzhey Vayda akanga nechokwadi kuti panguva ino nguva chete firimu - ndicho mhando ounyanzvi, izvo zvakakwana kunoratidza post-hondo nguva, apo vose upenyu hwakanga pamupendero hondo uye runyararo. vanhu vose zvino vaidavira kuti firimu ichi aigona kuva chinhu chinokosha zvikuru kupfuura zvatinosiita varaidzo; kuti zvinogona kuchinja munhu kuziva.

"The idzva School Polish"

Wajda pfungwa akagoverana vamwe matarenda vechiduku kudzidza naye chikoro firimu - firimu Director Ezhi Kavalerovich, Andzhey munkki, Voytseh Ko. Zviri navo sechikwata Wajda wakasika kuitika chitsva firimu, unonzi "chikoro chitsva Polish". Papera chinguva ndiye akatungamirira itsva kuitika uye kuri imwe vaitungamirira vatungamiriri muPoland.

rokusika nzira

Vachiri mudzidzi, Andzhey Vayda, mafirimu yakanakisisa kuti anoziva admirers vakawanda tarenda rake, aishanda mubatsiri uye somunhu mubatsiri mutungamiriri. Raiva wekambani wechipiri Wajda Alexander Ford, kana akaisa mufananidzo "Zvishanu mumugwagwa ari Bar." In firimu "nyaya Three" Wajda akanga co-munyori.

Panguva kurovedza wechidiki mukuru aikwanisa kubvisa wokutanga pfupi firimu, "Kana iwe kurara" uye "Boy Zvakaipa" Chekhov uye vhidhiyo "Ilzhetskaya Ceramics." Iye pachokwadi vaidavira kuti mabhaisikopo anogona kushandura nyika uye pfungwa vanhu. Wajda akatanga chaizvo mune dzidziso kutungamirira mafirimu. nyaya yake akabatsira kuvhura nzira itsva kukura Polish cinematography.

International kuziva mutungamiriri

Pakati mabasa Andzheya Vaydy mafirimu vane zvakawanda manyorero mhinduro: ichi mukamuri mupfungwa mutambo anokunyengedzera mumadimikira, mifananidzo uye vanachandagwinyira magariro kufanorongwa munhoroondo mifananidzo.

Pakanzi yake yokutanga firimu "Recognition", filmed muna 1954, waiva kukatyamadzwa kuti vateereri uye nevatsoropodzi zvakafanana. Akanga zvose munhu uye nyanzvi. Saka pakarepo, wechiduku mukuru, uyo achangobva akatendeuka nemakore 26 chete, akazova chidhori rudzi, dzakapiswa zvakaipa hondo. Mumwe kukunda kwake kwaiva firimu "Canal", filmed makore maviri gare gare. Firimu iri akakunda "Silver davi romuchindwe" muna Cannes. tarenda Wajda kwakaita ava kuzivikanwa muEurope.

Chimwe firimu, wokupedzisira ari trilogy pamusoro hondo kuti akatora Vayda Andzhey - "madota uye Diamonds". The tepi, izvo akagamuchira Venice mubayiro, vaiona mumwe zvakanakisisa, "yakabuda kunyorwa" mutungamiriri. It vagara chinokosha nyika mabhaisikopo goridhe Fund, zvakasimba kupinda pamusoro mafirimu gumi.

Yakanga chete muna 2007, pashure pemakore akawanda kudaro, mutungamiriri mukuru, akazokwanisa zvishoma kusimudza keteni pamusoro zvibereko gwapa munhoroondo nyika yake yaakaberekerwa - the Katyn njodzi. Uyezve, marwadzo iri hanya zvakananga uye pachake. nokuti Andzheya Vaydy Katyn akarwadziwa rwake rukuru, iye akaenda muupenyu hwake hwose.

In Firimu iri, mutungamiriri akati pamusoro mugumo varume kuburikidza vakadzi manzwiro - Kutendeka kwavo, mwoyo, kutambura uye kurwadziwa.

Fani Wajda

Andrzej Wajda haasati zvaisanganisira rakananga matauriro yomunyori. Havafaniri kuva wokutanga-munhu, hapana "Ini" kana munhu phonogram kana iri pamatanda. itsvo All akaudza vateereri kuburikidza akasiyana nyaya evamwe vanhu upenyu. Pose mufananidzo wake zvose zvakaitika dzevanhu vanounzwa sechinhu chinangwa raibuda. Wajda akaudzawo venhau kuti zvaainyora akanga akanyora chinhu, nekuti firimu ake ose ari chikamu hwake. All iye muchadya - ndiko Biography yake, nzira dzake. Kuti ichi ndicho Chiitiko kuti shasha wokuimba, ake romunyori mabhaisikopo - okugadzira zvinhu zviri private chaizvo, hunonyatsobatana upenyu.

Apo Wajda aienda kupfura firimu "Samson" muna 1961, huru hadzi basa auditioned vasikana mazana maviri. Somugumisiro, kwakasarudzwa kuti filming achaita Tyszkiewicz. Saka mutungamiriri akasangana mudzimai wake weramangwana rechitatu. Kusvikira zuva, akapinda muchato, kaviri vana, zvechokwadi haana. Uye Beata Tyszkiewicz akamuberekera mwanasikana, Carolina. Pamutemo, vaviri vakanyorwa ukama hwavo pashure pokuberekwa kwake mwanasikana.

Vaiva muLondon apo nhau wakasvika nezvorufu shamwari dzavo tose Zbigneva Tsybulskogo. Beata vataurira murume kubvisa tepi, yakatsaurirwa kuna Zbigniew. Andzhey Vayda akatungamirira firimu "Zuva dzevakadzi" muna 1968. Zvinosuruvarisa, nokukurumidza paYunivhesiti Warsaw, chete 8 March, paiva nenyonganiso vakatambura vadzidzi vechikadzi. Firimu racho rokuremekedza yaifanira kushandurwa. Panguva ino Beata Tyszkiewicz akanyora bhuku "Zvose for Sale". Akaronga murume wake kubasa. Firimu raiva maungira kubudirira, uye akaputsa mhuri.

Masters kuti okugadzira zvinhu

Mukuru akaedza kushandisa simba rake nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana siyana. Andzheya Vaydy Filmography iri rakakura. Iye akaposha mutambo uye uto mutambo, kunyange mufananidzo mabasa evanyori vakakurumbira. Nokufamba kwenguva, basa rake yava enyika matauriro.

In firimu "Munhu Marble" Iye akatengesa pachena akatsoropodza bato-mamiriro ezvinhu, uye pashure penguva yakati akati akatsigira rinopikisa kufamba muPoland. In Wajda akanga chaizvo vehurumende chinzvimbo, saka inogona kuenzaniswa kune voruzhinji munyika. Hazvina basa asingakanganwiki pamusoro Andrzej akabatsira Poles kutarira chokwadi mhiri. basa rake rakava chiratidzo kubatana nenyika.

Tashanda kwave wekambani uye kunze; iye filmed "Lady Macbeth Mtsensokgo County" Leskov, iye kufanorongwa mutambo waiti "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" by Dostoevsky. Maererano chigadzirwa Bulgakov paTV German Andzhey Vayda kupfura "Tenzi Margarita." Chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nezvinobvamo, yaakaisa, akaenda mifananidzo America uye Europe.

Nokuti refu nzira mubasa wekambani Andzhey Vayda abvisa zvinopfuura 60 Mifananidzo uye akaisa yakawanda chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba. mafirimu ake mubayiro. Muna 2002 akanga paakavapa rimwe mabhaisikopu wakakurumbira zvikuru mibayiro - honorary "Oscar".