Alalia - chii ichi? Alalia: correctional basa

Alalia - ndiro kwakakwana kushayikwa hwekutaura kana ayo underdevelopment muvana vane kwomuzvarirwo kunzwa uye ungwaru. chirwere ichi ndicho mugumisiro kwazvinoita uropi kunzvimbo kutaura panguva pakuzvarwa. Zvinogonawo kuitika nokuda tsinga zvirwere kana zvakakomba dehenya kunotevera kutambudza mwana kunyange pre-kutaura nguva muupenyu. Pakutanga akadana alalia sluhonemotoy uye kwete zvakaipa.

Alalia ari kunosiyana madhigirii - kubva wakakura zvikuru kana mwana haatauri nemakore 12, kusvika chiedza, zvimwe nowenyika mukuru underdevelopment kutaura.

Alalia - kukanganisika chokuita uropi, iyo kunoratidzwa muna hwomwana kushaya kugona kutaura. Zvakakosha kusiyanisa varwere izvi kubva vaya havachanyatsogoni kunzwa uye pfungwa - pamwe mupfungwa retardation. Vana vane alalia kukwanisa kupindura mitinhimira uye kunzwisisa ruzivo. Mental budiriro inogona kukanganisa mwana chete nokuda kuzvibvisa, kuregeredza yedzidzo, hazvibviri kugona zvezvaidzidziswa uye murombo ndangariro.

kupatsanura

Kune mhando huru mbiri alalia - kutsinga dzinouya uye motokari. Zvose zvinetso amenable kuti kururamiswa ane Integrated kusvika. Kazhinji, mangwanani chirwere uye zvaidiwa zvose kunenge vavana vanokwanisa kudzidza panguva chesekondari.

kubata alalia

dambudziko iri ichazivikanwa noku kutanga kutyora kutaura maonero chaiye kunzwa. Musabata alalia anozviratidza nokuda maronda ari epanyama nzvimbo uropi, riri hemisphere kuruboshwe, rinonzi Wernicke kuti pakati.

Vana vane kutsinga dzinouya alalia havanzwisisi kana kunzwisisa painogumira. Vanokwanisa akatiita kupindura ruzha anonongedzera vari kusiyaniswa siyana hunhu ruzha (zenze inzwi creaking uye t. D.). Muhurukuro vana vane kutsinga dzinouya alalia yazvino echolalia - unthought ichi otomatiki uchidzokorora nemashoko evamwe. Naizvozvo, pane Pakupindura mwana akadaro anogona kudzokorora mubvunzo pachayo.

Unoita panguva akagunzva alalia zvaiona kutyorwa phonemic kunzwa, izvo kunooneka pacharo pakawanda. Kureva, zvinogona kuva nemhedziso kukundikana kusiyanisa matauriro rinonzwika kana ravo maonero yakaoma, richiratidzwa matambudziko kuzivisisa zvakafanana inzwi asi zvakasiyana zviri chiperengo mashoko (mwanasikana - dhiramu -lak kenza).

Mwana pamwe kutsinga dzinouya alalia inokosha yakakodzera zvivabatsire kuti vanachiremba: imwe audiologist kuti kunzwa bvunzo, mumwe neuropsychiatrist uye chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura.

In tsika, Muzviitiko kutsinga dzinouya alalia - zvisinganyanyi kuitika, zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa zviri nyore chimiro chirwere - motokari.

Chechipiri mhando

Motor alalia - chine zviratidzo, zvose izwi uye asiri inzwi, riri kutungamirira kuzviwanira mutauro. Motor alalia muvana unowanikwa kakati kupfuura kubata. How yakakomba dambudziko iri?

Alalia. Chirwere uye kutaura zviratidzo

Speech zvaipesana gwenya alalia rinoburitsa zvose yenhengo dzayo; lexical uye zvivakamutauro uye phonetic uye phonemic divi. Zvinofungirwa kuti dambudziko wokutanga kunokonzerwa maronda ose Anterior gwenya nharaunda iri cerebral cortex, uye mumwe - pakaputsika nokushanda kwenhengo dzapasi injini nzvimbo cortex pakati chikuru hemisphere, umo inonyanya zvose kutsamwa tsandanyama nemarunda kuti apo nekunyatsotsanangura kufamba kuoneka.

A mwana alalia kudziviswa paumbwe wakaisvonaka gwenya Kufambisa kutaura midziyo. zvirwere ava siyana, kubvira nemumuromo apraxia (nourema), tichipedzisira kana nokuchinja kuti kutyora kutevedzana. Uyewo, pane kutadza kuita zvimwe nekunyatsotsanangura kufamba.

Kazhinji vana motor alalia nokuda kwokushayiwa inzwi maonero kubatwa chete zvimwe zvinhu mutongo uye havakwanisi kuasungira kuva zvakafanana kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro marongerwo. kunzwisisa ichi shoma anoshumira kuratidzwa yechipiri pakati underdevelopment pachake kutaura. Vana motor alalia kakawanda zvishoma Mutauro unokura, asi pusa mashoko panguva imwe chete riri voluminous chaizvo.

Zvinotevera zvinoumba kutaura anogona kutyorwa kana injini alalia:

• phonemic Kuziva mashoko;
• kutaura mutauro kugadzira;
• mutinhimira sangano Kutaura - kuimba nayo.

Zvino funga chii ane alalia injini zviratidzo. Mutauro muvana vane kutyorwa akadaro anovandudza zvishoma nezvishoma uye rinoshandiswa pakutaura zvakaipa. Somugumisiro, urombo hunde lexical-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro zvinhu kuonekwa kuzvitsinhanisa nokuda kufanana kana musiyano Somuenzaniso, erases - geza Cup -stakan demo - sando. A akagadzirwa adjectives uye adverbs diki.

In kwokutanga nzendo kutaura kukura mune mwana akadaro haafaniri kutaura kunofambidzana rwokutaura, kunokonzerwa underdevelopment zvose zvavo uye kutaura basa. Naizvozvo, mwana dzinowanzotaura chiso chedu, kushandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri uye monosyllables paunoitirwa vakuru.

Non-kutukana zviratidzo chirwere

Vana motor alalia vakachengeta underdevelopment kwete kutaura chete, asiwo vamwe pfungwa uye motokari mabasa. Zvinowanzochengetwa chetsinga zviratidzo, dzinosiyana munzvimbo nekuomarara kubva usingashandi kuratidzirwa pfungwa dysfunction kuti zvikuru zvirwere. Kazhinji yakataurawo insufficiency mumuviri uye somatic zvayo simba muviri.

Vana motor alalia kazhinji zveufende, vane discoordination kufamba, masangano avo vari kuregeredza kana disinhibited. Motor basa ipfupi, tinakidzwe hazvivakwani, aishingaira uye kunofambira mberi zvakanyatsoenzana anonetseka. Kunyanya pachena kutyorwa wakaisvonaka motokari unyanzvi.

Vana motor alalia kazhinji underdeveloped dzakakwirira mupfungwa kushanda (ndangariro, kufunga, mafungiro, etc.) On pachiyero yokuzvidira uye vanoziva maonero.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vangave kuva pathological unhu uye unhu paumbwe neurotic mhando. Vana motor alalia akacherekedza voga, kuchengeteka, kushatirwa, kusafarira uye propensity kune misodzi.

Pane rumwe rudzi chirwere - yose, kana vakavhengana kutsinga dzinouya-motokari alalia. With wakadaro musimboti akashatirwa uye kutsinga dzinouya uye injini zvinobatanidzwa kutaura. Kana mwana wako aine kutsinga dzinouya-gwenya alalia, haagoni kutaura. Mukuwedzera, murwere haanzwisisi kutaura yakanyorerwa kwaari.

Ndechipi yakavhenganiswa alalia zviratidzo? chirwere ichi chinonetsa rokuongorora. Chinowanzoonekwa kuvhiringidzwa matambudziko akadai autism, kunzwa vanotaura, njere uye zvichingodaro. N.

Ndichishanda nevana alalia dzinokwana kazhinji rinosanganisira kuwedzera namazvikokota wepfungwa uye chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura kurapwa zvainanga dzekugonesa mashoko masendi mu cerebral cortex.

Sei chirwere kuoneka?

Chikonzero chikuru alalia - uropi mu utero kana pagore upenyu rokutanga.

1. Mugore pamuviri nguva kwouropi kukura vatingakurudzira chirwere, hypoxia, placental insufficiency, zvakaipa tsika mai. Uropi mwana anogona kuitika panguva yokusununguka. Izvi zvinosanganisira hypoxia, kubereka kunotevera, hypothermia.
2. Mugore upenyu mwana uropi zvinogona kutanga nokuda akabatwa chirwere kana zvinorwadza kukuvara uropi.

zviratidzo

Alalia vane chirwere - muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa, dzimwe nguva anenge indistinguishable nezvimwe zvirwere. Zvakakosha kubvisa kusanzwa kana retardation chepfungwa. Alalia apo mwana vasingadzoreki basa dzimwe nzvimbo uropi. Zvikuru basa reDare kukundwa maviri uropi zvivako: nzvimbo uye Wernicke kutaura poran, avo vane basa paumbwe kutaura kwavo uye kunzwisisa.

Zviratidzo motokari alalia

Pakati zviratidzo ndiwo:

• kushaya okuzvibatsira unyanzvi;
• zvaipesana motokari: Vana regai kusvetukira rimwe gumbo, haagoni kuwana pamusoro puranga, kazhinji kugumburwa, asingakwanisi kutamba rhythmically kuti mumhanzi;
• akataura nhamba neezvitendero kwevari mutauro kukura pa kutyora ichi kubva rakwo kushaya kugona kutaura mashoko muAtlantic;
• mwana kazhinji havagoni kutaura manzwiro avo uye kumbira pamusoro chinhu;
• akaona kutaura kunzwisisa rakatarisana murwere;
• mbudzana anoziva kuti lexical zvinoreva shoko, asi kwete kuguma, prefixes, Zvireva mwene.

Zviratidzo havambozivi alalia

Zviratidzo izvi Chirwere anogona kunzi zvinotevera mananara:

• mwana asingadi kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nemashoko akanzwa;
• hapana kubatana pakati yakananga chinhu uye ruzha magadzirirwo;
• kuvapo echolalia (otomatiki kudzokororwa kwemashoko).

kugadzirisa dambudziko

Funga sei kuti alalia kururamiswa. Sezvo yezvokurapa, zvepfungwa uye pedagogical dambudziko kunoda misoro yokusvika kutanga kutaura inotungamirwa uye kusimudzira yose munhu. Speech kurapa basa yaifanira tikafunga zvokurapa uye psychotherapeutic kurapwa. Alalia - chirwere chakaoma kunzwisisa kuti zviri kunetsa kuziva.

The chikuru zviri correctional basa

• The kwacho anonyanya zvainanga paumbwe vavariro, kukurukura vavariro, dzakawanda mashoko chepurogiramu.
• Pfungwa inobhadharwa wakaisvonaka injini unyanzvi: vana vadzidze ruvara, mumvuri, kutamba mosaics, vasunge nokusunungura mapfundo, etc ...
• Zvakabatsirawo kukura rwokutaura vana alalia ndiko kushandiswa mutinhimira uye logoritmiki. In zvidzidzo izvi mumhanzi, matauriro uye kufamba ikashandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana kurovedza uye chimiro kutaura-motokari mabasa. Sezvo iri kukura ndangariro uye unhu kukura kwevana.
• Kuti Activate kutaura tsika inokosha kutaurirana pane mukana wekuti pamwero mwana akavhiyiwa nemashoko (zvakare, ratidza, zita), mashoko uye mutsara zvinhu.
• Chinokosha pokumuka analyzers - rinoonekwa, auditory uye tactile.
• Unofanira chete vanofanira kushandisa uchitamba mutambo fomu basa.
• Iva nechokwadi kuti kushandisa nokuona zvinhu: zviratidzo zvakasiyana, kwezvakatipoteredza kudzivirira zvinhu, mifananidzo, zviito zvine matauriro, etc ...
• Matambudziko inofanira kuendeswa mukuru kutaura hurongwa, kugadzirisa mashoko, kukura phrasal uye coherent kutaura, kuisa mitinhimira.

Huru muzvikamu

1. In padariro wokutanga basa mberi kurovedza kutaura nezvebasa uye achizadza pusa Mutauro unokura, nyore kunzwisisa.
2. Uyezve kuumbwa chirevo matauriro uye dyidzana.
3. In danho rechitatu chinotarisa zvinhu zvakadai hwakabatana pakutaura, hwokukurukura, mukuwedzera, zvoga girama zvivako.

Mukuita yokuparadza dambudziko vachishingaira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana nenyanzvi duramazwi basa. The nzira yokutanga - dzinongoitika: muenzaniso zvinhu, mifananidzo, zviito uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Wechipiri - yoku: ari kuwirirana mashoko matsva kare anozivikanwa nokuda kufanana uye misiyano.

Shandisa rakasiyana-siyana pabasa duramazwi, izvo zvinosanganisira kusarudzwa zvinhu kushanda Somuenzaniso, ratidza kana kuudza ani inobhururuka, anomhanya, anotanga. Zvakafanana inoshanda zvakadaro nzira: kutumidza munhu zvikamu yose, semuenzaniso, vhiri, rimwe headlamp vhiri; pakusarudza chete-mudzi mashoko, anoreva zvakafanana, antonyms; guessing zvinhu maererano tsananguro; kutendeuka diminutive mashoko, uye zvichingodaro. d. Uyewo, ari kufanana okuguma duramazwi tsika misoro (mhuka, zvinomera, matoyi, miriwo, michero, mhuri, uye zvichingodaro. d.) kuumba unyanzvi vanoshandisa vamwe zvivakamutauro siyana mashoko (nyaya apa, muchimiro choumwe and said.).

Kana mwana alalia, remedial basa yaifanira kuva? Kuita zviito vane zvinhu, vana vanofanira kuidza kutaura zvakajeka, kuti ndiko kuenda ose chiito mashoko dira mvura dira mvura, kudururira mvura bhodhoro, kuridza mvura, etc. In varwere panguva ino kunokudziridzwa unyanzvi kupindura mibvunzo uye kuti kuedza .. kuvakumbira d kukwira vaitaura, imwe nzira wokutanga uye zvadaro reference, mifananidzo series, fembera nezvirahwe uye gadzirira rondedzero, achienzanisa hunhu anoverengeka midziyo, uye zvichingodaro.. panguva ino, vakakurudzirwa nemhinduro siyana uye hwakadzama Izvozvo zvinobatsira kuti basa kutsvaka uye wasarudza yakakodzera Chimiro mashoko akakodzera, richivakurudzira kufarira kutaura senzira yokukurukurirana.

Sezvingatarisirwa, mwana haisi kutsanangurwa neipi mitemo, kwete akashuma mashoko yomutauro. kurapwa kwacho kunosanganisira chete mutambo chimiro uye hunobatsira kuziva zvakawanda maitikiro yokutevedzera inzwi uye neshoko inotungamirwa, mutongo mamiriro.

Yose nzira inoshanda zvivakamutauro Mapato pachishandiswa zvinotevera: kutanga, mwana anofanira kuchengeta sezvinoita chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura mapurani chairo womuenzaniso, zvino chinosanganisirwa nedanho chemufananidzo kutaura basa.

Kana mwana ane gwenya alalia, makirasi inoitwa vaviri? Kushandiswa anoshanda nevana pamwe Alale zvivakamutauro hurongwa ane zvimwe sezvo paumbwe zvose pfungwa rinoitwa chete pahwaro chaiwo siyana ongororo uye kwetunhu, izvo zvaita zvisingakoshi abstraction uye zvavo.

Kuramba pfungwa chikuru basa basa, izvo zvinosanganisira paumbwe kukurukurirana kwacho uye kushingaira replenishment kutaura mwana. Danho rinotevera unogona kunzi zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja kubva nhaurirano iri interpersonal yokutaurirana kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura mashoko kukura chido kutaurira. Kazhinji ichi ndicho mwana anoudza pamusoro pechiitiko kana fambisa chero ruzivo.

The Charter chinowedzera kukura marongerwo emashoko uye zvirevo, uye kuburikidza kuverenga uye kunyora pamwe alalia monitors mwana uye anoruramisa kutaura kwake. Education vana ndiyo yakareba yatovapo, uye zvinoda kushandiswa dzinokosha nzira uye unyanzvi. Kazhinji vana vakaremara pasi kukurukurwa ari muitiro mukudzidzira mutauro wakanyorwa rinowanika dyslexia yechipiri uye dysgraphia.

Mwana alalia? Treatment uye chero kururamiswa mamiriro vane? Mumwe inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa nzira ndichiva kubvisa dambudziko iri kurudziro nzvimbo ganda uchishandisa yakaderera-kakawanda ano pulses. nzvimbo idzi dzinomiririra fungidziro kutaura pfungwa idzi. Somugumisiro, havana kusashanda nokuda kweiyi etsinga harinzwi. nzira iyi yokurapa haana pasi chiratidzo-inobva framework, saka kurangwa chirwere zvinobvira chete tichibatsirwa Pasina kuchirapa maturo, saka, kushandiswa kutaura munyika dzine neurostimulation mitoo hapasi kururamiswa.

mamwe nzira

Kana murwere alalia, purogiramu chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura kunokosha chaizvo. Vanofanira kuitwa nguva dzose. Logopaedic masaja achishingaira kushandiswa dzakadai matauriro zvipingiridzo sezvo alalia. Treatment nechinangwa kweiyi tsandanyama kuti zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe mitinhimira. Kuti aite izvi, ubudise masaja neminwe yenyu kana rinokosha kutaura mishonga Yatanga Kuongorora.

Physiotherapy rinoshandiswawo vana alalia. Pakati huru nzira - laser-, mvura, rinobva marapirwo, jekiseni.

mhedziso

Speech alalia kunoda kurapwa chaizvo kwenguva refu uye revatema kusvika. Kakawanda kurapa kunoitika kushandiswa kindergartens uye zvikoro kushumira vana nokutaura zvirwere. With kurapwa zvabuda zvinokwanisika kuti iitike vana muchikoro chesekondari.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kubviswa uye kuranga alalia mwana anotora makore mashomanana, uye ipapo zvinoda kugara namazvikokota chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura kuramba mugumisiro. Kunyange pashure inobudirira kuchirapa basa vana vakawanda vanoda kugara muviri kubvisa dysgraphia uye dyslexia. Mwana pamwe alalia kubatsirwa uye kutsigirwa mupfungwa. Zvakaoma kuita shamwari itsva uye kunzwa zvakanaka mune chikwata. Vamwe vana vanoona kugara mupfungwa kana mukukurukurirana nevezera ravo, izvo zvingaita kuti utsinye, huta breakdowns. Naizvozvo, mwana alalia vanoda kubatsirwa kuti tikunde kutya pakukurukurirana, zindoga.