UtanoMushonga

AB0 maitiro uye nhaka mapoka ropa muvanhu

Ndizvo anomiririra boka ropa, unofanira kuziva!

Maantigen ropa hurongwa

The antigenic maumbirwo womunhu muviri zvikuru kunzwisisa. ropa sayenzi yemazuva chete akawaneiko maantigen anenge mazana mashanu, zvakabatana 40 antigenic hurongwa: MNSs, AB0, Kell, Duffi, Luteran, Lewis and unto.

Mumwe nomumwe izvi hurongwa maantigen iri majini nhaka uye encoded allelic magene. Kuti zvive nyore, vari akakamurwa yeplasma uye cellular. For Hematology uye Blood Transfusion zvikuru ndiyo sero maantigen (erythromycin, platelet uye leukocyte), nekuti vane immunogenicity (kukwanisa kufurira zvirwere response), uye saka zvaisaenderana kuwedzerwa eropa maantigen ari pangozi hematogenous kuvhunduka kana DIC pamwe zvinouraya. maantigen ropa ine huru zviviri: ane antigenic determinant, kuziva immunogenicity pamusoro hapten, uye "weighting" antigen uye kutsanangura serological basa.

Chikamu chokutanga ndechokuti zvikuru zvakananga nomumwe antigen, uye saka kusiyanisa kubva mumwe. Saka, mamiriro ezvinhu chinosiyanisa 0 AB0 antigen fucose antigen A - N-ftsetilglyukozamin uye antigen B - galactose. determinants aya zvakabatanidzwa, uye antibodies kukura masoja mhinduro. maantigen izvi vanobviswa paunoronga ropa ropa, uyewo kana unotara zvichibvira nhaka mapoka ropa.

AB0 maitiro uye nhaka yaro

uye agglutinogens (erythrocyte adhesion zvinoita - A uye B) - In asi 1901 godu zvinhu vanokwanisa agglutinate erythrocytes kune mumwe, makatumidzwa agglutinins (α uye β agglutination yeplasma Zvinhu) akawanikwa muropa revanhu. Maererano ino, masayendisiti J. Jansky uye Karl Landsteiner akakamura vanhu ose 4 mapoka, vari zvakare vakaverenga uye nhaka mapoka ropa muvanhu. Saka, ini boka ropa ndivo vanhu vasina ropa agglutinogen, asi plasma rine agglutinin. ropa ravo runotaurwa αβ kana 0. Vanhu vane boka ropa II vane A agglutinogen agglutinin uye β (Aβ kana A0), vanhu vane boka III, nekusiyana, kunge agglutinogen agglutinin B uye α (Bα kana B0), uye IV grupa ropa kunoratidzwa nokuita vose erythrocytes agglutinogens A uye B (AB), sezvamakaropafadzwa agglutinins vasipo. Vari kunorondedzerwa nyore rabhoritari nzira vachishandisa chaiyo mwero Sera. Sezvo vose agglutinogen vari hune, nhaka rimwe maantigen, i.e., nhaka ropa runoyerera zvakaenzana. Boka ropa yemberi mwana anogona kugara vaifungidzira aine mukana 100, 50 kana 25% panguva dzakasiyana mubatanidzwa mapoka vabereki ropa. Saka, achiziva maantigen dzavo nhaka boka revana ropa kunogona kuonekwa zvinotevera tafura.

boka ropa baba
mai I (00) II (A0) II (AA) III (B0) III (BB) IV (AB)
I (00) 00 - 100% 00 - 50%
A0 - 50%
A0 - 100% 00 - 50%
B0 - 50%
B0 - 100% A0 - 50%
B0 - 50%
II (A0) 00 - 50%
A0 - 50%
00 - 25%
A0 - 50%
AA - 25%
AA - 50%
A0 - 50%
00 - 25%
A0 - 25%
B0 - 25%
AB - 25%
AB - 50%
B0 - 50%
AA - 25%
A0 - 25%
B0 - 25%
AB - 25%
II (AA) A0 - 100% AA - 50%
A0 - 50%
AA - 100% AB - 50%
A0 - 50%
AB - 100% AA - 50%
AB - 50%
III (B0) 00 - 50%
B0 - 50%
00 - 25%
A0 - 25%
B0 - 25%
AB - 25%
AB - 50%
A0 - 50%
00 - 25%
B0 - 50%
BB - 25%
BB - 50%
B0 - 50%
A0 - 25%
B0 - 25%
BB - 25%
AB - 25%
III (BB) B0 - 100% AB - 50%
B0 - 50%
AB - 100% BB - 50%
B0 - 50%
BB - 100% AB - 50%
BB - 50%
IV (AB) A0 - 50%
B0 - 50%
AA - 25%
A0 - 25%
B0 - 25%
AB - 25%
AA - 50%
AB - 50%
A0 - 25%
B0 - 25%
BB - 25%
AB - 25%
AB - 50%
BB - 50%
AA - 25%
BB - 25%
AB - 50%

No zvisinganyanyi kukosha kuziva mhando uye kusapindirana kweropa chinhu, nekuti zvinokoshawo kuti kugarisana hwemapoka ropa iri kuwedzerwa. Saka, kusawirirana kweropa raamai-akanaka ropa (kusapindirana kweropa +) zvinokwanisika kuti kuisira murwere chete kusapindirana kweropa negative (Rh-) ropa kamwe chete kuti upenyu uye Muzviitiko, kubva pakutanga ropa pachava kusapindirana kweropa antibodies, izvo kusashanda panguva yechipiri ropa (uye anenge pangozi kufa nokuda ropa kuvhunduka). Izvi zvinoshandawo uye rhesus vachinetsana vanamba fetus pamwe kusapindirana kweropa positive ropa kubva kusapindirana kweropa + Rh- mai nababa, saka zvakakosha kuti ngaaverenge nhaka boka mwana ropa.

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