Zvingakubatsira kushanda ABS. Antilock Braking System ABS. Chii ABS mumotokari?

Chii chiri ABS (Antilock akamedura System), kana kuti, kuti zvakanaka deciphered ari Acronym, zvino aizivikanwa vatyairi zhinji, asi kuti ndiye here zvinogumbura, uye nei izvi zviri kuitwa, vanongoziva kuziva chaizvo. Uye vanoita izvi pasinei nokuti hwakadaro hurongwa zvino yakaiswa pamusoro motokari dzakawanda vose vaitenga uye muno akabudiswa.

ABS yakabatana braking gadziriro mumotokari zvakananga, saka, kuchengeteka mutyairi, mubhazi, uye vose dzakapoteredza mugwagwa. Saka, kuziva sei akunoita, zvichaita kubatsira ose mutyairi. Asi kutanga, kunzwisisa mashandiro ari ABS, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti zvinorevei "akarurama braking."

Nheyo "braking zvakakodzera"

Kumisa motokari, kwete zvakakwana kuti nenguva achizviendesa akamedura chitiviri. Pashure pezvose, kana panguva kukurumidza nemotokari akaputsa hasha, mavhiri muchina vari makavhara uye hauzoitizve kufamba nemasiraidhi mumugwagwa. It zvingaitika kuti pasi rose matai pamusoro hazvizovi chete yunifomu, saka ivo papfungwa nokukurumidza vachava zvakasiyana, uye ichi ndicho ngozi. The muchina harizonzi aidzora uye achaenda mugomba skid, iyo, pasina ruzivo pamusoro mutyairi, zvichava nyore kudzora. Uye chin'a motokari - ndiwo anogona tsime ngozi.

Saka chinhu chikuru chiri braking - hazvina oma kukiya Makumbo uye kuenda kudzorwa skid. Kuti aite izvi, pane nyore Wandinyengedzerei - inoratidza braking. Ndokuatakurira kunze, hazvina zvakakodzera kuchengeta akaputsa chitiviri nguva dzose mwoyo, uye pano neapo regai kuenda kutsikirira zvakare (sokunge ichidedera). Ichi chiito sokuti nyore haazorambi vanorasikirwa kudzora motokari mutyairi, nekuti haimuoni kubvumira havatsiki kuti matai kuti kurasikirwa traction.

Asi kunewo aizivikanwa nevanhu chinhu - mutyairi mune pakaita dambudziko anogona chete kuwana vakarasika uye kukanganwa pamusoro zvose mitemo. Pano kuti nyaya dzakadaro, uye akanga afunga kuti ABS, kana mune imwe nzira - Anti-zvechizarira braking hurongwa.

Chii ABS (ABS)

In nyore tsananguro, ABS hurongwa chinhu electromechanical chikwata kuti anodzora motokari deceleration kwacho yakaoma mumugwagwa ezvinhu (chando, nyoro mugwagwa uye zvichingodaro. P.).

ABS - mumwe mubatsiri yakanaka mutyairi, kunyanya ane mutsva, asi unofanira kunzwisisa kuti chete zvinobatsira pazvinhu muchina uye asingauyi kutarisira izvozvo, saka kuvimba "antiblock" hakusi zvakakodzera. Mutyairi vanofanira kuongorora motokari yako, maitiro ayo munzira, kana uye sei kushandisa mabhureki ari ABS, chii braking madaro pamusoro hukawanika siyana. Zvakanakisa, ichi chinofanira kuongororwa pamusoro aitenderera akazvitsaurira kudzivisa zvimwe dambudziko iri mumugwagwa uyu.

Zvakafanana, asi kwete ABS

The mashandiro wokutanga, migumisiro yakanga yakafanana nheyo ABS, akazviratidza pakutanga remakore rapfuura, asi vari aiendeswa ndege kumhara giya. A yakafanana, asi motokari hurongwa, yambokurukurwa ne "Bosch", kuvamba bvumidzwa ravakatora muna 1936. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo mudziyo inoshanda zvemichina ichi aigona dzika chete 60s, apo semiconductors vokutanga uye makombiyuta. Uye dzavo kusika munhu kumumvuri pamusoro ABS, kuwedzera "Bosch", akatsvaka kunyange "General Motors", "General Electric", "Lincoln", "Chrysler" uye vamwe.

Wokutanga motokari mabhureki

• MuUnited States, inova ABS, kana pane, yepedyo analogue kwayo, varidzi vakadzidza "Lincoln" motokari muna 1970. The motokari hurongwa paakagadzwa, iyo kambani "Ford" mainjiniya akatanga kukura sezvo mangwanani sezvo 1954, uye vaigona 'kuunza pfungwa "chete kune 70 ndipo.
• A mashandiro akafanana ABS muUK yava yakatanga General Electric pamwe Dunlop. Vakaedza pamusoro yemitambo motokari Jenssen FF, zvakaitika muna 1966.
• MuEurope, pfungwa pamusoro "Anti-zvechizarira hurongwa motokari," Heinz akadzidza kuburikidza Liberia, ikasimudza kukura kwayo muna 1964, kushanda sechinhu injiniya muna Teldix GmbH, uye vakaipedza muna 1970, iri kare kushanda musi Diamler-Benz. Akasimbisa kwavari ABS-1 akaedzwa muzvinhu pedyo pamwe Bosch. Bosch, akavapindurawo, akavaka yayo ABS-2 azere, izvo 1978 pakutanga yakasimbiswa pamusoro "Mercedes" ari W116, makore mashoma gare gare, uye BMW-7. Zvisinei, nokuda kudhura itsva braking hurongwa, yaishandiswa chete sezvo nezvechisarudzo.

Full Serial Kugadzirwa mota ne "antiblock" rakatanga muna 1992. Zvakatanga kuisa zvigadzirwa zvavo vamwe zvikuru automakers. Uye kare muna 2004 ino akatanga kushongedzera motokari dzose kuuya kubva conveyor mafekitari European.

Zvemamiriro Anti-zvechizarira hurongwa

Tichingotarisa ABS zvakagadzirwa anotarira nyore uye inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:

• wemagetsi kuzvidzora chikwata.
• Sensors kudzora nokukurumidza.
• Hydraulic chikwata.

The kuzvidzora chikwata (GAC) Chokwadi, ndiye "pfungwa" wegadziriro (kombiyuta), uye mashandiro, vamwe zvinonzwisisika, asi nokukurumidza Switch uye hydraulic chikwata vanofanira kutaura zvakawanda.

The kushanda nhungamiro pakukurumidza Switch

Kushanda pakukurumidza kudzora Switch chinhu remagetsi induction maturo. Coil ane simba rinonzi magnetic chinoumba iri fixedly hwavapo kuti vhiri nomusimboti (dzimwe mhando - nemotokari ekisero yokuderedza).

Nomusimboti akatasva rin'i giya kutenderera pamwechete vhiri. Vachishandisa kutenderera korona achinje parameters simba remagineti, iyo inotungamirira panowanikwa dzemagetsi ukapisa murwi. Huwandu ano, ukuwo, zvinoenderana vhiri nokukurumidza. Uye, zvichienderana kukosha kwayo, chiratidzo iri vanowanika riri chakasvitswa kudzora chikwata.

Hydraulic chikwata

Hydraulic chikwata zvinosanganisira:

• Solenoid mavharuvhu izvo divisible pedyo Inlet uye nzira yokubudisa vakasikwa kugadziridza kufurirwa zvakapararira munzvimbo akaputsa sepombi motokari. Nhamba vharafu maviri zvichienderana norudzi mabhureki.
• The Pombi (zvingangoita neizvi dzichifura) - pumps zvandinenge kumanikidzwa munyika, achidyisa akaputsa mvura kubva accumulator, uye kusarudza nayo kana zvakakodzera.
• Accumulator - chekuchengeta zvekudya akaputsa Urume.

ABS, kushanda musimboti

Pane zvikuru zvitatu maitikiro of ABS:

1. Pressure ruyamuro ari akamedura humburumbira.
2. Constant nevamwe humburumbira.
3. Kuwedzera kumanikidzwa ari akaputsa humburumbira kune achida padanho.

Chokutanga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hydraulic chikwata revatema mumotokari iri braking mugadziriro anogara chete shure huru akamedura humburumbira. A solenoid mavharuvhu ari mhando vharafu, hwomukova uye dzivharwe mvura kuwana vhiri akamedura sepombi.

Operation uye kudzora motokari braking gadziriro inoitwa, maererano nemashoko vakawana kubva nokudzora chikwata ABS nokukurumidza sensors.

Mushure pakutanga ABS braking anoverenga kuverengwa kubva vhiri sensors, uye motokari nokukurumidza zvishoma nezvishoma shoma. Kana mamwe makumbo akamira (pamusoro yemasiraidhi), kukurumidza Switch pakarepo anotuma chiratidzo kuna ECU. Mushure mokugamuchira nayo, kudzorwa chikwata zvaanopa simba kuti chiutsi vharuvhu iyo zvinogumbura Urume kuwana vhiri akamedura humburumbira uye pombi pakarepo anotanga ayo selection, achidzokera accumulator, nokudaro kunobvisa zvechizarira. Pashure vachishandisa kutenderera vhiri kwazvo akafanorongerwa sipidhi inodiwa, "antiblock", kufukidza nzira yokubudisa yokutanga uye Inlet vharuvhu, zvaanopa simba pombi, iyo anomhanya negwara, kumanikidza kumanikidza ari akamedura humburumbira, nokudaro braking vhiri. pezvakaitwa All yaitwa pakarepo (4-10 reps / chik.), uye kusvikira muchina rinomira.

The pamusoro zvinofanira kushanda ABS rinoreva yepamusoro zvikuru - 4-inoshandiswa maitiro uye wakaparadzana kudzora vhiri nomumwe motokari, asi pane dzimwe mhando "antiblock".

Mamwe ABS

Three-mugero ABS - kwakadai ezvinhu ane nhatu kumhanya Switch: maviri akatasva pamberi nemavhiri, uye wechitatu - necheseri ekisero. Nokudaro, hydraulic chikwata unotora majoko matatu mavharuvhu. Pfungwa yacho ABS kwakadai ndiko kuparadzana kutonga mumwe nechemberi Makumbo uye neshure vaviri.

Dual mabhureki - zvakadaro ezvinhu ari matsva aiwanzopiwa wokushanda kuzvidzora mavhiri riri pepuranga rimwe.

Single-mugero ABS - Switch akatasva rwemberi ekisero, uye anoparadzira braking simba kune vose mana engoro panguva imwe chete. Hurongwa wakadaro unotora chete peya mavharuvhu (yaunodya uye pedza). kufurira ndiyo shanduko chete munyika redunhu.

Achienzanisa Mhando "antiblock", zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti musiyano pakati pavo ndiye uwandu nokukurumidza kuzvidzora uye sensors ukuwo, mavharuvhu, asi kazhinji, musimboti kushanda kuti motokari mabhureki, Unorudzi pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi, zvakafanana nokuti mifananidzo ose enyika.

Sei ABS kana yakanaka braking

Kusarudza kumisa motokari yako vakapakata ABS, mutyairi mwoyo kuti akaputsa chitiviri, sokuti iye anotanga kuzunguza tsandanyama zvishoma (vibration angaperekedzwa kubudikidza maitiro ruzha "ratchet" nowenyika inzwi). kwomushumo hurongwa mhando ichi kuti iye chakabereka. Sensors verenga havukavu unongotaura. Kudzorwa chikwata anodzora kumanikidzwa vari akamedura sepombi kutadzisa mavhiri kiya kumusoro zvakasimba, aine "watsemuka" nokukurumidza podtormazhivaya pavo. Somugumisiro, motokari zvishoma DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA uye anoenda skidding, uye nokudaro inogara kudzoreka. Kunyange kana mumugwagwa ari itedze, mutyairi pamwe braking kwakadaro kunogona chete kudzora kutungamirirwa kwebasa muchina kuti rimire wakakwana. Saka, nemhaka ABS, zvinoitika akakwana, uye Chikurukuru - inodzorwa braking.

Chokwadi, Anti-zvechizarira hurongwa hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru upenyu mutyairi, kurerutsa uye kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda yacho braking kwacho. Zvisinei, ine nhamba zvaaikanganisa kuti kuziva uye kufungawo uchidzidzira.

payakaipira ABS

The chikuru zvakaipira ABS ndechokuti Kugona kwaro kunobva mumugwagwa ezvinhu.

Kana mugwagwa pamusoro riri gogonera, nematambudziko pemvura, motokari braking kure richava refu kudarika dzose. Chikonzero ichi ndechokuti panguva braking vhiri nguva anorasikirwa traction (akasvetuka) uye arega kugadzira. Izvi vanorega vhiri ABS Inoona sezvo kuvhara, uye kudzivirira braking. Asi rutapudzo navo munzira inotaurwa akaputsa chikumbiro haachatyi rinoenderana optimum, gadziriro inofanira reconstructed zvakare, uye nguva ino waparadzwa, nokuda iyo inowedzera braking kure. Deredzai izvi zvinogona, achidzikisa muchina nokukurumidza.

Kana mugwagwa unhani haisi yunifomu, pamwe rakatumbuka zvikamu, zvakadai sechando yakatsiva chando, chando - Asphalt, zvino chando zvakare, etc. In ezvinhu akadaro, wakawira dzinotsvedza mugove, ABS, vanoongorora unhani vanogadzirisa pasi payo braking muitiro panguva kuchinja .. pamusoro Asphalt "antiblock" vane zvakare kuti reconstructed, sezvo akasarudza braking simba kuti itsvedze pasi pamusoro Asphalt anova inobudirira, izvozvo anowedzera kureba braking nzira.

With nzenza ivhu ABS uyewo haana "shamwari", muchiitiko ichi, zvakajairika braking hurongwa anoshanda nani somunhu rakakiyiwa vhiri pasi braking anoviga muvhu, dzikaumba nenzira kwayo pamukwidza kutadzisa mberi Chokwadi, uye Inowedzera motokari kumisa.

Yakaderera "antiblock" aimhanya kazhinji chirema. Naizvozvo, kana kutyaira motokari mumugwagwa tsvedza munzira downhill, unofanira kugadzirira ichi chisingafadzi nguva, uye ramba mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka "hendibhureki", iro rinogona kushandiswa kana zvakakodzera.

In mhedziso, tinoona kuti ABS ndechimwe chinhu Kuwedzera zvakanaka braking hurongwa unokubvumira kudzivisa kurasikirwa nokudzora mumotokari pasi braking. Zvisinei, mumwe anofanira kugara yeuka kuti ino haisi masimba ose, uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvingava munhu kuvakuvadza chaizvo.