Vija Artmane: biography uye mapepa emukomiti weSoviet

Vija Artmane, ane ruzivo uye zvisikwa ndezvokukurukurwa uku, ndeimwe yevakakurumbira uye vanozivikanwa zvikuru veSoviet neRussia. Akave akakurumbira nokuda kwekushanda kwezvifananidzo zvekare zvakanyanya zvekare, asi mumifananidzo yake yemafirimu pane mabasa ayo emazuva ano ema heroines, mararamiro ayo aakwanisa kuita uye nemifananidzo yemitambo.

Makore okutanga

Kuurawa kwe heroines yakachena, yakasimba, yakasimba-yaida uye panguva imwechete inoshamisa inyanzvi yakazozivikanwa kuna Vija Artmane. Iyo nyanzvi yemuitevedzeri inoratidza kuti upenyu hwake huri hwakaoma uye hwakaoma sei, asi panguva imwechete inoratidza hupfumi hwenyika yake yomukati nesimba remweya wake-unhu hwakamubatsira kukurira matambudziko eupenyu nematambudziko. Nyeredzi inozivikanwa yemberi yeSoviet screen yakaberekwa muna 1929 muLatvia, muTukums. Amai vake vaiva Polish, uye baba vake vabva kuBaltic Germans. Akafa semugumisiro wenjodzi musikana wake asati aberekwa.

Alida (akadaro ndiro zita chaiyo remusikana wemusikana) akakurira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Amai vake kwechipiri vakaroorana vasina kubudirira, asi muchato wacho wakagara kwenguva pfupi, mhuri yakavhurika. Mumwe musikana akamanikidzwa kuita hupenyu hwakaoma, uye musikana wacho akashanda kwekanguva semukomana wemukomana. Amai vaida kuti awane basa rakaoma, ave gweta. Vija Artmane, uyo akazonyora nezvemashoko akazowirirana zvikuru neLatvia yemitambo, akafungawo nezvebasa remitongi, asi hupenyu hwake hwekusika hwakanga huchikwezva zvikuru ne cinema uye nechetatu, saka akaenda kuRiga, uko muna 1946 akapinda muchikoro chemaitambo.

Makore okudzidza

Musikana uyu akadzidza mune rimwe boka rakange rakabatanidzwa neArt Theater yakakurumbira. J. Rainis. Yaiva pano iye akachinja zita rake uye chaizvoizvo akatanga hupenyu hutsva. Basa guru mumakore aya ekudzidzira (kubva muna 1946 kusvika muna 1949) kuti kuonekwa kwake semuteereri kwakaridzwa nemusoro uye nheyo yeboka rakakurumbira E. Smilgis. Maererano neyekuyeuka komusikisi, akadzidzisa vadzidzi vake kuti vafunge vakasununguka uye kuti vatarise pachedu. Zvidzidzo izvi zvakazara zvakakwana naViya Artmane mumitambo yake yekutanga. Nhoroondo yemudzimai wechidiki uye ane ruzivo kubva ikozvino kusvika kwemakore makumi mashanu ave achibatanidzwa nemitambo iyi.

Kutanga basa

Yake yekutanga uye, zvichida, iyo inokosha zvikuru iyo yaaitamba kunze kwekutungamirirwa naSmilgis. Musikana wacho akaratidza zvakakwana pachake seanonyanya kuratidza mabasa epasitori repertoire. Saka, somuenzaniso, iye akaita basa rejaya raJuliet uye Queen Elizabeth weEngland. Pano zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti basa rokumambo rakapiwa kwaari zvakanyatsonaka, uye rakanga risina chikonzero chokuti ainzi vahosi weSoviet screen. Vija Artmane, ane hupenyu hwake hwakanga hwakaoma zvikuru, kusiyana nemabasa ake oumhizha, kunze kwebasa reklasi repertoire, aida kutamba vakadzi vemazuva ano. Kuva mupfumi uye ane zvipo zvesimba, aida kugadzira mifananidzo ye heroines yenguva yake, uye mukana uyu wakapiwa kwaari nemitambo.

Success

Mukomana wechidiki uyu akaita chikwata chake mufirimu muna 1956 mufirimu Pashure peDutu. Zvisinei, basa iri harina kumuunza mukurumbira mukuru: kushayikwa kweshoko, uyewo kusagadzirira kwemusikana wacho kwekhamera uye yakagadzirirwa, yakakanganiswa. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye akacherechedza, uye chinotevera chinenge chave chave chakakosha mufirimu yake. Mifananidzo iyo "Native Blood" (1963), ichitaura nezvehupenyu hwakaoma hwemufambisi Sonya, iye oga panguva yehondo yekurera vana vatatu uye pamusoro peaimuda wake, tankman uyo mushure mekufa kwemukadzi wechidiki akatsiva vana vababa chaiye, akazova kubudirira mubasa remuiti wechitema. Viya akatumidzwa zita rakanaka.

Akakwanisa kuburikidza nekunyatsonzwisisa kunoshamisa uye unyanzvi hukuru hwekutaura zviitiko zvemweya zvechimiro ichi chakanaka. Mifananidzo yakadaro yakasimba, asi mifananidzo yakasimba yakanga iri kubudirira zvikuru kumusikana, iye akakwanisa kutamba heroines yenguva yake nekutendeka kunoshamisa.

Kuziva

Mutori wenhau Viya Artmane, uyo anozivikanwa nezvenyaya yepamusoro uye yakaderera, akava nyanzvi chaiyo yekrini yemavhidhiyo. Imwe firimu inotevera, iyo yakasvikiswa kwete kwete chete mubasa remuitikadzi, asiwo muLithuania neSoviet cinema - "Hapana aida kufa", akafanirwa muna 1965. Iyi tepi yaive yakabudirira chaizvo uye yakaunza kubwinya kweUne kune vose vanoita basa guru (somuenzaniso, iyi yaiva mufananidzo uyu wakaita muduku D. Banionis mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira munguva yake).

Iyi firimu, iyo inotaura nezvekuoma kwemashure-hondo 1947, nguva yakaoma yekugamuchirwa kwesimba reSoviet muLithuania, yakabvumwa munyika yose. Rudo melodrama "Edgar naKristuina", vakasunungurwa mubhadharo mugore raitevera, pakupedzisira vakazobatanidza kubudirira kwomusikana. Zvose izvi zvakasarudzwa zvakagadzirisa mutevedzeri mumwe weveredzi dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa, uye munyika yaakaberekerwa iye ainakidzwa nekuremekedzwa.

Mabasa evanhu uye basa idzva

Vija Artmane, biography, uyo ane chinyorwa chinowanikwa munharaunda iyi, pamwe nechekubudirira kwemaitambo, basa reterevhizheni, akaita basa rakawanda revanhu. Nokudaro, akatungamira kubatana kwevatariri munyika yavo, uye akavawo nhengo yeSoviet Peace Protection Committee. Aya mazita akanaka kupfuura chero mashoko ose anoratidza zvakajeka kukosha kwekucherechedza nekuremekedzwa kumusikana. Kusvikira pakati pema1970, hazvina kupfurwa zvizhinji, asi muna 1978 firimu idzva pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwake kwakasunungurwa, izvo zvakare zvakamusimudza kusvika kumusoro kwekuzivikanwa. Icho chiri pamusoro pekugadziriswa kwenyaya inoitwa S. S. Maugham "The Theatre".

Mumufirimu uyu, Vie akawana basa guru, iro rakabva rave rinokosha mukati memafirimu ake. Akaratidza pahwindo remufananidzo wemukadzi akasimba, munhu mukuru waJulia, muiti wemusikirwo uyo pazera rakakura zvakare aifanira kuva nemanzwiro akasimba kumurume wechidiki chaiye, uyo akazoshandura. Iyi dhiyabhorosi yakakonzera kutsiva kwe heroine kumudzivisi wake, uye munyaya iyi inoratidza humiro yake inoratidzirwa: yakasimba, inodada, asi yakaipa uye isingagoni. Mutori wenhau akafunga heroine yake kuva mukadzi akatendeseka, sezvaanogara achiziva zvaanoita. Iri basa rakaita zvakare muimbi mutungamiriri akakurumbira uye akakurumbira.

Upenyu muhafu yepiri yema1980 - kutanga kwema1990

Vija Artmane, ruzivo rwokuti chii chinonakidza pakuti anoratidzira tarenda yakawanda yemuitevedzeri uyu, mumakore anotevera akaonekwa mune mamwe mafirimu akabudirira akawanda. Mumwe wavo ndeye firimu "Munhu Wechipinda", umo maakaita nhengo yemunyori ane simba rose. Ichi chifananidzo chakave chave chiri pedyo zvikuru nemugumo - kumashoko anozivikanwa aVan Makanin. Basa rinotevera rekusimudzira - kushanda kwemunhu mukuru mumutambo wekutanga waV. Todorovsky "Hearse" (1990). Mufananidzo wacho wakanyatsoongororwa nevatsoropodzi, kunyange zvazvo wakagamuchira mimwe mibayiro yakakurumbira pamitambo, asi kushanda kwemuiti wechitema kwakagamuchira maitiro akanaka. Mumwe muongorori akanyatsoona kuti mutambi wechikamu akakwanisa kuratidzira mukadzi akwegura uyo aishandiswa kuraira chimiro chaicho chinogutsa, asi haana kukwanisa kuronga mugumo wemwanasikana wake anorwara mumakore ekuderera, achinyengerwa nemunhu akachenjera.

Dzimwe mabasa

Vija Artmane, uyo ane maonero anoratidza kushandiswa kwetarenda yake, mumakore eperestroika, akachengetedza humo hwake seimwe yevashandi vese vane tarenda. Muna 1991, akaita basa shoma mufirimu iyi "Rudo", achiita mumutambo usina kujairika wekodhi, iyo, zvisinei, yakanga yakajeka. Panguva imwecheteyo, anoramba achishanda nesimba munhandare. Imwe yezvaanonyanya kuita basa iri ndiyo mufananidzo waTeresa Raken kubva munharaunda yaE. Zola.

Kuenda pane imwe yemitambo

Muna 1998, akasiya Art Theatre ndokuenda kunoshanda kuRiga Youth Theatre. Uyu mutambiri akatsanangura chisarudzo chake nenzira iyi: akasarudza kuti zvakanga zvakafanira kupa nzira kune vechidiki, sezvo boka racho rakakura, nhamba yemitambo yakawedzera, uye yakange isingawani mabasa; Mukuwedzera, iye, semunhu anozivikanwa, aive nemamwe mikana yekuziva zvaaigona kugadzira.

Mune nzvimbo itsva, iye akashanda basa reA Countess mune zvigadzirwa zvinonakidza zveThe Queen of Spades, iyo inoratidzirwa nekududzirwa kusina kujairika kwevadzidzi. Basa rake rekupedzisira mufirimu rinosanganisira mabasa mumutsara unoti "Kamenskaya", uyewo mararamiro ari pachivako chechifananidzo chemukadzi weRussia Catherine II. Saka, Viya pamutsetse wemakore akadzoka kumufananidzo kubva, ikoizvo, akatanga basa rake rinoshamisa.

Mhuri

Viya Artmane, hupenyu hwake hwepachivande, uyo vana vake vakava muedzo wakaoma kwaari, nokuti mugumo wake shure kwekona yakanga yakaoma zvikuru, yakanga isingafari mumhuri. Akange akaroora kumugadziri A. Dimeters, uyo waakagadzira ukama hwakanyanya hwakaoma. Mudzimai wake aiva negodo kwaari, uye akanga asina hanya nemumwe wake E. Matveev. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakagara muwanano kwemazana makumi maviri nemanomwe, mutorikadzi wacho akanga ane mutsa zvikuru kumurume wake uye nguva dzose aimuyeuka noushamwari, kunyange zvazvo akabvuma kuti upenyu hwemhuri hwakanga husiri nyore kwaari.

Mutori wenhau anotaura kuti basa rake guru muhupenyu hwake hwemunhu oga ndiro rave riri kuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwemhuri nekuroorana nekuda kwevana, uye akabudirira. Mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, akatanga matambudziko akakomba nehutano nemari. Viya Artmane, ane mhuri yake yakaponeswa zvikuru nekuda kwekuedza kwake, kushivirira nebasa, iye zvino akawana matambudziko neimba: imba yake yakatorwa, saka aifanira kurarama kwechinguva muimba yekare, yakaipa kwazvo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.

Makore apfuura

Makore mashomanana gare gare, iye akange adzokera kumusha uye akapiwa mubayiro wezvakanaka mumutambo. Mwanakomana wake akava muimbi, mwanasikana - muimbi. Mutori wenhau akaona kuparadzaniswa kweSoviet Union zvakaoma zvikuru, achikakavadzana kuti cinema yeRussia neLatvia yakamupa zvakawanda zvekutsvaga kwehupfumi, saka saka zvakanga zvakaoma kwazvo kuti aone nyika idzi sezvikamu zvakasiyana. Kunyange zvakadaro, nguva dzose aitaura zvakanaka nezvebasa rake nevatori vemafirimu vokuLatvia neRussia (akashanda pamwe chete nechekupedzisira kunyange pashure pezviitiko zve 1991).

Mutori wenhau akafa muna 2008. Chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa kwakakurumbira kweWii kwaiva kusunungurwa kwemafirimu akawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwake nebasa, uye mumazita avo ainzi mambokadzi. Mukuwedzera, pane zviyeuchidzo zveArtmane nezvehupenyu hwake hwakaoma, pamwe nebhuku rakatsaurirwa kubasa rake.

Meaning

Vija Artmane, biography, hupenyu hwehupenyu, vana, vane mifananidzo yakazova musoro wehurukuro ino, yaiva nguva yake chiso chitsva cheSoviet screen. Chimiro chakanaka chisina kujairika, unyanzvi hwekuita hunyengeri, kukwanisa kuratidza zvakaoma kunzwisisa mupfungwa mumagariro mamwe, kufamba, kutendeuka kwemusoro kana kutarisa kwakaita kuti ave nyanzvi chaiye wechifananidzo chepfuma yepakati ye heroines. Ndicho chikonzero zvaive zvakakosha mumazuva eSoviet, apo vatungamiri vaitsvaga maitiro matsva ekutaura kwemashoko, heroes, zviitiko.

Chimiro chakajeka uye chisingakanganwiki chechimiriridziro chakanga chave chidimbu chakavimbisa kubudirira kwemufananidzo, uye tarenda yake isina chokwadi yakaita kuti firimu rose nekutora chikamu chiitiko chaicho munyika ye cinema. Vija Artmane, biography, hupenyu hwehupenyu hwevana, avo vana vakave vachinyatsocherechedza kubva mumagazini ekutaura nezvekusangana kwakaoma kwemuiti wechitema, kwakava chiitiko chinoshamisa cheSoviet cinema.