The utility womuenzaniso - muenzaniso. The utility womuenzaniso uye kuvamba: kufanana uye kusiyana. Kuwana bvumidzwa nokuda utility womuenzaniso

Ndine chokwadi vazhinji makanzwa okuti "utility muenzaniso". Ngationei kuti chii. A muenzaniso unoshanda anonzi kuti mugumisiro vakangwara nezvebasa munhu, yakawanikwa ake kana michina chero zvemichina. Sezvo kukura kungava chinhu Somuenzaniso, siyana zvinhu, mano, zvigadzirwa, madzidzisiro, kana pezvakaitwa, ichangobva kushandiswa kana nokushandisa chero muitiro kana chigadzirwa anozivikanwa kare. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti utility womuenzaniso chokuita chete kune maindasitiri pfuma zvinhu. Sezvaunoziva, munyaya ino kutaura kuti utility womuenzaniso uye kuvamba, zvakafanana dzavo uye kusiyana, munewo rinoronga zvimwe zvakakosha zviri zvinodiwa mharidzo kuwana bvumidzwa uye zvichingodaro. D.

Zvazvakashatira utility womuenzaniso

The utility womuenzaniso une zvimwe zvainovhiringidzawo. Mumwe wavo - iri pfupi izwi iri bvumidzwa, riri makore chete 10 okuberekwa. Inogona kuwedzerwa, asi pane chinhu chinotonyanya kusakosha upenyu, riri makore 3 chete okuberekwa.

Technical zvisarudzo chokuita mudziyo - nayo chete achachengetwa utility womuenzaniso. Muenzaniso zvinogadzirisa dzakadaro anopiwa pazasi. Kana mhinduro vanotorayirwa kuti nzira, kuti nyaya havazovi chinhu ari utility muenzaniso. Ichi chimwe musiyano kubva chipo kuvamba. Products kuti murege kuwira pasi tsanangudzo "mudziyo", zvakare vasina chokuita utility womuenzaniso. Mumwe mamiriro ezvinhu patentability - utsva. Kana utility womuenzaniso asingadi kusangana chokuratidza ichi, hazvigoni kunzi chinokosha. Development anofanira kuva utsva, iyo haisati rakaiswa. Uyezve, muenzaniso anofanira vakwana, kureva, mamwe ayo kushandiswa havafaniri kuva zvakanaka, uye vanosangana vose michina mitemo.

Chii chinokonzera kushaya bvumidzwa chivimbo chakasimba

Asi chinonyanya kukosha drawback ndechokuti utility wokuenzanisira bvumidzwa munyika yedu haina zvakaongororwa zvaidiwa ezvinhu ose patentability, izvo zvinozoita tibvunze kuti zvisiri pamutemo pakuwana bvumidzwa kudzivirira kana yokushandisa bvumidzwa kodzero. Zvinosuruvarisa nyaya dzakadaro vakanyorwa uye vane nzvimbo pamisika venyika yedu. Uyezve, hatina mukana mune ramangwana kuvandudza hwokugadzira vasarudza kusvikira bhuku mashoko nezvazvo sezvo rinovaka, pfungwa, kwete.

The chikuru zvakanakira ari utility womuenzaniso

In nyika yedu inopa mukana pamutemo kudzivirira munhu utility womuenzaniso, kureva, pfungwa yaidzorwa uye enshrined mu mitemo. A muenzaniso unoshanda ndiye chisingaoneki vanovengwa zvedzidzo kodzero yakafanana nokugadzirwa. Kugadzirwa - waishandiswa mhinduro, uye izvi zviviri mazwi kazhinji kuvhiringidzwa mumwe. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti utility womuenzaniso, kusiyana iripo kuvamba havana sezvo kuzviomesera mamiriro ezvinhu patentability. Uyezve, kushanda kuti pakuunganidza kodzero utility womuenzaniso, t. E. Patent inokurukurwa zvakawanda itsanangudzo uye munguva pfupi.

The chikuru mukana utility womuenzaniso ndechokuti, zvimwe zvinhu ari vakaenzana, mumwe bvumidzwa nokuti utility womuenzaniso ndiye invulnerable, uye chikonzero ndechokuti hapana zvinodikanwa pasi zita "Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira danho". Handiti, pfungwa "utility muenzaniso" kanenge pamwe chokuita yakagadzirwa, asi zviri zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose. mitemo Russian pamwe maererano kune patents haafaniri kodzero kupa kune nokugadzirwa kana utility wokuenzanisira nekuda zvakafanana sarudzo. Kunze Hakubvumirwi shanduko kuvamba bvumidzwa ari bvumidzwa nokuda utility womuenzaniso, kana munhu kwakaoma.

Chengetedza nguva - chinokosha chokuratidza

Chimwe chakanakira munhu utility muenzaniso - pfupi. Kunyoresa munhu bvumidzwa nokuda utility womuenzaniso, munyori achava kupedza pazviri inenge 6 mwedzi, asi panyaya nokugadzirwa, yose muitiro unogona kutora makore rimwe nehafu kubva musi pakunamata kusvikira panguva pakarepo Bhuku mashoko ari bvumidzwa mune gwaro chairo - Bulletin. Mukana pakarepo yakawedzera rokuti hofisi dererei zvikuru.

MuRussia, yakakurumbira tsika panguva imwe chete kushandisa kuti utility mienzaniso yakafanana uye zvigadzirwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nzira iyi zvinopa mukana kutenga bvumidzwa kudzivirirwa nokukurumidza. Mune ramangwana, unofanira uchadikamwa kuongororwa panzvimbo bvumidzwa nokuda utility womuenzaniso kunogona kuwanikwa bvumidzwa.
Pfungwa inokosha: asi utility muenzaniso chokuita mudziyo, kunodzivirirwa maererano Article 1351 of Civil Code of Russian Federation. Kana munyori (muridzi) paine nyaya chokuita ayo kukura, kutsvaka mhinduro aivapo mibvunzo inogona kureva ino.

gungano pakutanga

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, huru mamiriro nokuda patentability pamusoro utility womuenzaniso zvayo maindasitiri kushanda uye kugadzira zvakagadzirwa, kureva. E. "Novelty." Muenzaniso inofanira kunyatsova akasiyana uye akakodzera kuti zvishandiswezve. Magetsi womuenzaniso, muenzaniso iyo kunoratidzwa, ane kutevedza kugungano pokutanga. Zvakafanana Zvinokosha zvigadzirwa, asi richiri kuchangotanga musiyano. Mumwe wavo - the kupedza pasi chikumbira Rospatent. Uyezve, yakagadzirwa, mukusiyana kuti utility womuenzaniso inofanira kuva Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira danho. Nokuti utility womuenzaniso, chokuratidza ichi haisi kunodiwa.

kudzivirira utility mienzaniso Legal haafaniri anoshanda zvisarudzo maererano chete kwokunze zvechadenga chigadzirwa uye zvakagadzirirwa kubata nezvinodiwa maererano aesthetics. Saka ngationei kupfupikisa pfupi pfupiso: utility mienzaniso uye zvakagadzirwa vanonzi migumisiro vakangwara webasa wacho uye riri michina zvinetso. Kusiyana izvi pfungwa dziri chete zviri pamutemo munda. Kuti iwe kunyatsonzwisisa kuti utility womuenzaniso mberi rinopa dzakananga mienzaniso pavo.

Mienzaniso utility womuenzaniso

Saka utility muenzaniso. Example - vakareruka design, akashongedzerwa opener kuti doro. Izvi utility wokuenzanisira akanga patented kuKorea, uye kunyange iye akasatadza chaizvoizvo Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira danho, chigadzirwa mutsva uyu ane maindasitiri suitability uye richibatsira, uye saka, kuti munhu ari mwene kuchengeteka gwaro, zvahuchaunza kuchikosha kudzoka. In nyika yedu, sezvo nezvechisarudzo, anogona kukonzera zvemaziso uye michina namano, chikuru mukana unova Anti-kuba chinhu. Pamazita Izvi zvingasanganisira gororo okuzvidzivirira, radar michina nezvimwe mano, iyo ichava kubatsira kwete indasitiri, asiwo nokuda kwevanhu.

The mimwe utility womuenzaniso zano rayo tsananguro

A zvakakodzera chezvinonhuwira zano - ichi IPC Codes. Vari akaratidza kurudyi uye takatsunga ne chaiyo Directory, unonzi "International Patent kupatsanura". Zita Development akasarudza kunyora risiri. Zvinofanira zvakazara munguva chinangwa wokuenzanisira, mukuwedzera, inofanira abvumirana IPC.

Kana zita muenzaniso kurondedzerwa zvikamu, yakatanga muna Russia, ivo hadzishandi anoratidza. Zvadaro, muna rondedzero pamazita vanofanira kutevera mashoko pamusoro unyanzvi kuti ichi utility womuenzaniso akakodzera. Pano inoratidza padanho zvigadzirwa, maindasitiri chikumbiro, zvakafanana utility mienzaniso kuti pari dziripo pamisika, uye prototypes. Sezvingatarisirwa, kuti aratidze kusiyana uye indispensability okukura, tinofanirawo kupa ruzivo chero unobatsira pamusoro analogs uye prototypes, kureva kukanganisa kwavo, zvikanganiso uye zvichingodaro. kunyatsotsanangura kwakadaro kuchaita chete vanobatsirwa kuti munhu anoda kunyoresa kukura kwayo.

The zvakawanda rondedzero, nani

Mharidzo utility womuenzaniso richiratidza oga nezvayakaipira yakafanana mienzaniso iri kazhinji kuwanikwa kuti kukwana. Ndokusaka muna gwaro iri, zviri chinodiwa zvakare kuziva dambudziko nako itsva utility womuenzaniso anogona kurarama zviri nani zvikuru. Unogonawo kunyora yekuita kushandisa migumisiro wokuenzanisira ichi, asi ivo vari Chokwadi, zvinofanira kuva zvakanaka.

The budiriro kukosha tsananguro imwe chikamu, iro rinotaura musimboti sei kumhanya utility womuenzaniso. Muenzaniso kurondedzera kwakadaro, asi chinonyanya kukosha chokuratidza; zvinofanira kuva pedyo sezvinobvira kuti nzira. The zvinokosha zviri zvavo chaiyo zvinhu uye unhu hunodiwa kuti hwakadzama kwamagwaro ino.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha ezvinhu kuti kuwana bvumidzwa nokuda utility womuenzaniso zvayo maindasitiri applicability. Saka, muna kwegadziriro zano, zvakakosha kutungamirira kukudziri- pfungwa kuti zvinodiwa mamiriro ezvinhu patentability.

Zvimwe zviitiko zviri utility womuenzaniso

Pakadaro, nokuti mumwe kunyanya nyaya unofanira tsanangurai ose tsanangudzo pamusoro. Kunosanganisirawo dzakawanda bvumidzwa kupatsanura, zvayakanakira / nezvayakaipira yacho wokuenzanisira, etc. Kunenge kuti vamwe netsanangudzo inodzokororwa kana pamutemo wainyatsotaura - .. Hazvina bvumidzwa uye hakupesani murayiro. Chikamu vanofanira kutsanangura zvishoma chete vanodhirowa uye kupa mazita manhamba (uyewo nokurondedzera). Various graphical zvinhu vane zita se "zvitarisiko". Kunyanya zviitiko pokushandisa utility womuenzaniso inofanira kupiwa ari subclaims.

Implementation of utility womuenzaniso

Muchikamu ichi, unofanira kupa zvakawanda sei pakukura anogona chinozoiswa uye kushandisa pane kuti kubatsira munhu. Kazhinji Rondedzero izvi vari kunofambira mberi mamiriro utility womuenzaniso uye zvichiratidza mienzaniso basa rinofanira inopiwa digitaalinen pamanyorerwo uye sezvo hwakadzama tsananguro izvi kana kuti chinhu muenzaniso. Kana tsananguro kukura kana kuti nzira akataura mashoko pamusoro papi kana neeSultan upi parameter, muchiitiko ichi, zvakakodzera kuvapa kusimbiswa, ndiko, kuti kupembedza hwokugadzira mudziyo zvinoratidza mienzaniso.