The Moscow Helsinki Group - kodzero yevanhu sangano. Lyudmila Alexeyeva - sachigaro Moscow Helsinki Group

Sezvaunoziva, akasika 05/12/1976 Moscow Helsinki Group - sangano yakatsaurirwa kuna zvichiongororwa zvaidiwa chetatu Helsinki zvibvumirano ane ruyamuro nyaya. Vanosanganisira zvokudya pamusoro inokosha kodzero dzevanhu, kuchengetwa iyo nhengo dzevanhu nezvekodzero dzevanhu muSoviet Union akanga kuongororwa kuti emakore. On pakusikwa boka pakaziviswa venhau vari kuvaka Soviet yefizikisi Andreya Saharova.

History chokusika

The Moscow Helsinki Group (MHG) mukutarisana Yuri Orlov, muvambi uye wokutanga sachigaro, vakapa zvinangwa sezvinotevera. The sangano kuongorora zvaidiwa Helsinki Declaration of USSR uye azivise States zvose izvo akasaina gwaro iri, pamwe chete Soviet Union, pamusoro chero kutyorwa.

Mukuwedzera Yuriya Orlova, boka raisanganisira Alexander Ginzburg, Lyudmila Alexeyeva, Natan Sharansky, Vitaly Rubin, Malva Landa, Alexander Korczak, Elena Bonner, Anatoly Marchenko, Mikhail Bernshtam Peter Grigorenko.

kumanikidzwa nemasaini

The Helsinki Kunoenderana akaisa pokutangira kuti mashandiro kuti akuteerere zvaidiwa dzavo zvinodiwa. Kunyanya, vakuru nenhume vanofanira kuva rokuongorora uchiwirirana ose shamwari inoti akasaina zvavo kuzivisa panguva wepagore Misangano. The Moscow Helsinki Group aitarisira kuti mashoko pamusoro kutyorwa nyaya chokuita dzevanhu, ichakurukurwa pamisangano iyoyo, uye kuti democracies zvichaita kurayira kuti Soviet Union dzakasaina chibvumirano akaurayiwa zvakazara, kusanganisira nevanhu nyaya. Kutadza kuita kudaro kungaita kuti kuparara Helsinki Kunoenderana, iyo utungamiri Soviet aisagona kushivirira. In zvinodiwa Soviet Union yakanga kuramba chinhu chaizvo nebasa chibvumirano naye, kufungisisa chokwadi kuti nyika ropa chena yakareba voga kubva vamwe nyika uye frenzied maoko nhangemutange.

inoshanda basa

Kodzero sangano, iro raiva nenhengo gumi chete, haana kurangarira kuti kukwanisa kuongorora yose yakakura yeSoviet Union. Pakupedzisira MHG nhengo dzaiva sezvinoita simba sezvo vamwe vagari vose USSR, uye zvose zvavo nemidziyo yaiva maviri yetapureta akare. Ukuwo, Moscow Helsinki boka raisanganisira ruzivo nevanozvitsigira vakanga vakaungana pedyo nguva yakawanda zvinhu pamusoro zvakakanganisa nyaya. Uyezve, redhiyo vatorwa nhepfenyuro pamusoro munharaunda Soviet Union, aigara rikazadza zvinyorwa Moscow Helsinki Group, uye akatanga kugamuchira mashoko pamusoro kwekodzero dzavanhu munyika. Zvikurukuru, nhengo dzesangano akaudza kurovedzera pakati kuUkraine, Lithuanian, Georgian uye Armenian National kufamba.

Mumakore 6 ivepo, boka kwakaita uye mumaoko West anenge 195 mishumo kodzero dzavo muSoviet Union. Mishumo izvi ane ruzivo chokuita kurambidzwa kurudyi kushandisa rurimi rwaamai, kugamuchira dzidzo mumutauro wadzo, uye zvichingodaro. D. Religious kurovedzera (maBhaptisti, Adventists, dzemweya yeRoma) akaudza pamusoro kutyorwa kodzero norusununguko rwokunamata. Vagari vasiri nhengo chero kufamba, yakashuma asiri zvaidiwa nechetatu Helsinki Kunoenderana, izvo vakatambura kubva kana pachavo kana vadiwa vavo.

muenzaniso wakanaka

Gare gare, vachitevera muenzaniso Moscow Helsinki Group, muna November 1976, dzakaumbwa yechiLatvian Ukrainian Helsinki Group, muna January 1977 - Georgia, muna April - Armenian, muna December 1976 - Committee yechiKristu kudzivirira kodzero vatendi Soviet Union muna November 1978 d - The Catholic Committee kuti kudzivirira kodzero vatendi. Helsinki Committees uyewo akazviratidza muPoland uye Czechoslovakia.

kuita

Muna February 1977, Ukrainian uye Moscow mapoka kusungwa rakatanga. Mumwe wokutanga kusungwa aiva sachigaro MHG Yuri Orlov. May 18, 1978 akatongerwa makore 7 mujeri pamwe nemabasa zvakaoma uye 5 makore okutapwa. Dare vaiona mabasa ake sezvo Anti-Soviet kugadzikana uye manyepo kuti kuchera Soviet State uye gadziriro. June 21 chete gore Vladimir Slepak akatongerwa 5 makore okutapwa. June 14, Natan Sharansky akatongerwa 3 years mujeri uye makore 10 mumusasa yakaoma-utongi.

By matsutso 1977 vakanga kunyimwa rusununguko nokuda anopfuura 50 nhengo Helsinki mapoka. Vazhinji vavo vakatongerwa mujeri kwenguva refu, vamwe vakafa vasati vasunungurwe.

Wave yokubatana

Vezvenhau munyika dzinoita zvegutsaruzhinji - vadyidzani of Soviet Union pedyo Helsinki Kunoenderana akafukidza Helsinki rikurumidze uye kutambudzwa nhengo dzayo dziri USSR yaro Satellite inoti. Veruzhinji munyika idzi vakaita kutambudzwa ichi paakasika mapoka avo uye Helsinki Committee.

On pakusikwa American Helsinki Group pakaziviswa muna December 1978. Masangano Similar Papera yakabuda muCanada uye dzimwe nyika dzokuMadokero kweEurope. Vavariro yavo ndeyokupa kumisa kutambudzwa vavo uye angatidzvinyirira hurumende dzavo National kuti zvakasimba akabvunza kubva Soviet Union of Helsinki Kunoenderana rokuurayira.

Zvibereko basa

Kuedza izvi takatakura muchero. Kutanga Madrid Conference muna October 1980, Democratic inoti Mapato vauya kumusangano ose vachibvumirana voice zvirevo izvi. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvaidiwa nokubatira ari "Tswanda" wechitatu akava mumwe chikuru zvoMutemo Helsinki kwacho. Panguva Vienna Conference of 1986 akanga asaina okuwedzera dzakati, maererano izvo dzevanhu mamiriro ezvinhu munyika - nebato kuti Agreement anobvuma hanya vose signatories.

Nokudaro, Moscow Helsinki Group akava mbeu, akabereka dzomunyika Helsinki kufamba. Ari kuva kuwedzera simba pamusoro zviri Helsinki kwacho. Kokutanga muupenyu munhoroondo nezvibvumirano, kodzero dzevanhu sangano zvange zviri Inter-mamiriro zvibvumirano. The Soviet Union yave mhosva yokutyora mutemo zvokuyamura nyaya pachishandiswa zvinyorwa inopiwa kuMoscow, Ukrainian uye Lithuanian mapoka.

Gorbachev nyungudika

Under kumanikidzwa kubva gutsaruzhinji kunyika, kwete chete Moscow boka "Helsinki", asi kuti vanhu vose kunyimwa rusununguko rwavo enyika nyaya Soviet Criminal Code, muna 1987, vakasunungurwa. Muna 1990, vagari Soviet vakapiwa kodzero norusununguko siya uye kudzokera kunyika, kumisa kutambudzwa vatendi.

The ruzivo runowanikwa mukufamba pedyo pamwe nemasangano asiri ehurumende, izvozvo zvinoratidzwa chokwadi chokuti OSCE aiva wokutanga dzakawanda nokushamwaridzana aisanganisira navo rwekuita kwacho semurume nemukadzi vakaenzana. Panguva Conference on Human divi iri vamiririri masangano asiri ehurumende havagovani pahwaro parity pamwe pamutemo vamiririri OSCE nhengo rinoti uye shoko vari kupiwa pamusoro akamira zvakaenzana.

Kare panhengo

MHG, izvo panguva yayo kuvambwa ndiye chete akazvimirira nemasangano muSoviet Union, ikozvino anobatsira aitungamirira basa iri dzevanhu kufamba uye veruzhinji, iyo yakaumbwa muna Russian Federation. Chikuru muupenyu of Moscow Helsinki Group anoramba kuongorora dzevanhu mamiriro ezvinhu. Nhasi, zvisinei, zviri kuitwa kwete chete nokuda zvokuyamura nyaya yacho Helsinki Kunoenderana, asiwo vatsigire Russian Constitution, European Convention Chokudzivirira Human Rights uye Norusununguko nedzimwe zvibvumirano dzakawanda pamusoro kodzero dzevanhu yakasainwa neDare Russian Federation.

Lyudmila Mihaylovna Alekseeva MHG takananga 1996. Makore matatu apfuura, iye akadzokera kuMoscow vachibva kuutapwa muna February 1977 muUnited States. Yose iyi mukadzi akaramba kushanda kodzero yevanhu sangano, uye kwakaitawo kuti nhepfenyuro redhiyo "Liberty" uye "Voice of America".

Muna 2012 vakapinda simba mutemo mutsva Russian Federation, zvikaonekwa kuti Moscow Helsinki Group - a mumiririri vavatorwa anogamuchira mari kubva kunze kwenyika uye ndine kubatana kwenyika. Kuti kubvisa pamusoro rusarura kuti ave nhoroondo rakashandiswa kureva shoko "musori", sangano akasarudza kupedza pachedu kubatsira vagari Russian.

wakarurama mubayiro

Muna 2015, Lyudmila Alexeyeva nokuti kunoshamisa basa mumunda kodzero dzevanhu akagashira award Vatslava Gavela. Achidzorera € 60,000 pane imwe mhemberero rakaitirwa Palace of Europe muStrasbourg pazuva kutanga plenary chechikamu of Coe Assembly Parliamentary, Pace President Anne Brasseur akati kuti kodzero dzevanhu nemumiriri, akatora pamusoro mabasa kurwa kururamisira, iye akafuridzirwa nezvizvarwa zvevazukuru Russian uye dzimwe kurovedzera . Kwemakumi emakore, Alexeyeva paakatyisidzira, akarasikirwa basa rake uye rakamanikidzwa kusiya nyika kuti kukwanisa kuramba kutaura kwekodzero dzavanhu muSoviet Union. Iye zvino misoro Moscow Helsinki Group - chitendero hachina basa muupenyu nemasangano, iyo kazhinji atarisana kuvengana, asi achiri anoramba mhosva chokwadi mutemo uye kubatsira vakatambudzwa.

kurwisa mberi

Munguva ichangopfuura, pamusoro avaida rechi40 musi unoenderana MHG hurumende TV mugero "Russia-1" akapa "inonzi", vakanga mhosva kuti kushorwa mutungamiri Alexei Navalny akagamuchira mari kubva British akachenjera, kusanganisira achibatsirwa of Moscow Helsinki Group. Zvakanzi akabvuma "magwaro" uye "matsamba", zvichipomerwa kuratidza ukama hwake musoro mubhizimisi Fund "Hermitage Capital" William Browder. Kuongororwa "zvinhu" MI6 uye deginamajai kwakaratidza kuti muwanze pabasa kutaura chaiwo uye kukanganisa runowanzoitika vanyori Russian. Sachigaro Moscow Helsinki Group vakaramba mhosva pamusoro pehurumende, vachiti kuti hapana mari kubva Alekseya Navalnogo iye kumbogamuchira chero mari uye haana kupa. Human Rights mumiririri akati Moscow Helsinki Group uye mari hazvirevi kuitisa kwema zvemari, dzakadai placement mari mu ruzhowa mari, kwete kuroorana.

Sezviri pachena, mumwe kuedza yokusvibisa Moscow Helsinki Group uye kupikiswa kwakakundikana.