The enzayemu catalase: huru zvinhu

Catalase - imwe enzayemu akawana kugara zvinenge zvose zviri zvipenyu. Its chikuru basa - kuti catalyze kuti manyowa rehydrogen peroxide kupinda hakukuvadzi zvinhu nokuda muviri. Catalase kwakakosha upenyu pamakamuri, sezvo anovadzivirira kubva kuparadzwa reactive okisijeni marudzi.

tsananguro

The enzayemu catalase chokuita oxidoreductase - kirasi yakafara kuti makemikari kuti catalyze kuchinjwa maerekitironi kubva achidzikisa Morekuru (anyatsoronga) kusvika oxidant Morekuru (acceptor).

The optimum ph nokuda catalase mumuviri womunhu anenge 7 Zvisinei, maitiro mwero haachinji yekudyidzana pane tsika hydrogen indekisi kubva 6.8 kusvika 7.5. The ph optimum zvimwe catalases kubvira 4 kusvika 11, zvichienderana norudzi muviri. The tembiricha optimum zvakare chakasiyana munhu anenge 37 ^° C

Catalase - mumwe uchitsanya makemikari. mumwe chete Morekuru anokwanisa rokutendeutsa ayo mamiriyoni mamorekuru rehydrogen peroxide kuti mvura uye okisijeni pa wechipiri. In mashoko enzymology izvo zvinoreva kuti vakawanda nokumukirana chakanangana enzayemu catalase.

mamiriro enzayemu

Catalase ari tetramer zvina polypeptide nengetani, imwe neimwe ine vanopfuura 500 amino acids pakureba. The enzayemu rinoumbwa mapoka mana heme porphyry, uye kuburikidza izvo zvaanoita nokuva okisijeni marudzi. The oxidized heme prosthetic boka iri catalase.

History yakawanikwa

Catalase ndisingazikamwi masayendisiti makore 1818 kusvikira Louis Jacques Thénard kemisiti yakawanikwa zvipenyu masero rehydrogen peroxide haina akataura kuti kuparadzwa kwayo nokuda chiito ane zvipenyu zvinhu USINGAZIKAMWI.

Muna 1900, mumwe kemisiti German, Oskar Leo kutanga akatanga "catalase" richireva inoshamisa fuma decomposing peroxide. Akakwanisa kupindura mubvunzo, apo enzayemu catalase ine. Somugumisiro vakawanda kuedza Oskar Leo yakaratidza kuti enzayemu iri maitire zvinenge zvose mhuka uye zvinomera. In masero mapenyu, uyewo mamwe makemikari akawanda, catalase zvirimowo mu peroxisomes.

Muna 1937 aiva wokutanga kuti crystallize catalase kubva nyama chiropa. 250 kd - samolecular kurema enzayemu akafunga muna 1938. Muna 1981 masayendisiti vakagamuchira mifananidzo-dimensional matatu maumbirwo bovine catalase.

The catalysis rehydrogen peroxide

Pasinei yokuti rehydrogen peroxide - rakavapo vazhinji kuipa metabolic urongwa, hazvina hazvikuvadzi muviri.

Kudzivisa kuparadzwa masero uye nyama hydrogen peroxide anofanira kukurumidza dzikwanise vamwe, zvishoma ngozi muviri. Zviri kuita dambudziko iri uye kuzvigona enzayemu catalase - nayo uchiora kuti peroxide kune mamorekuru maviri emvura mamorekuru uye okisijeni mamorekuru.

Zvingaitwa rehydrogen peroxide manyowa mu zvipenyu munyama:

2 H ₂ O ₂ → 2 H ₂ O + O ₂

The samolecular mashandiro ari cleavage enzayemu rehydrogen peroxide kubudikidza catalase haisati chaizvo kunzwisisa. Zvinofungirwa kuti maitiro kunoitika mumatanho maviri - wokutanga Danho zvinosanganisira simbi catalase prosthetic boka waakaita kuti okisijeni atomu rimwe peroxide, ichi zvinowanisa mumwe morekuru remvura. In danho wechipiri oxidized heme kuwadzana imwe morekuru hydrogen peroxide, nokudaro vanoumba mumwe morekuru remvura uye mumwe morekuru okisijeni.

Kuburikidza ichi zviito enzayemu catalase kuti hydrogen peroxide, kuvapo yezviri fuma iri rinenge specimens iri nyore kwakatemwa. To ichi kuwedzera zvakakwana kuti bvunzo yokuenzanisira shoma rehydrogen peroxide uye kuchengeta kuita. Pamberi enzayemu anoudza paumbwe okisijeni matema. Uku kuita zvakanaka nokuti hakurevi chinhu chinokosha zvishandiso kana midziyo - inogona kuonekwa chinoabatsira.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ane Ion chero weheavy metal anogona kuita somunhu noncompetitive inhibitor pamusoro catalase. Uyezve, zvose anozivikanwa cyanide haazvibati somunhu yemakwikwi inhibitor pamusoro catalase, kana mune nyama zhinji rehydrogen peroxide. Arsenates vave activators.

kunyoresa

Action zviri enzayemu catalase uchiora rehydrogen peroxide rave richishandiswa yaigadzira zvokudya - kushandisa enzayemu ichi rinobviswa mukaka H ₂ O ₂ kusvika pakugadzirira chizi. Chimwe Chikumbiro - chaiyo chikafu kavha chinodzivirira chigadzirwa pamusoro oxidation. Catalase rinoshandiswawo muna Whitehead Textile indasitiri kuti kubviswa rehydrogen peroxide kubva micheka.

Rinoshandiswa utsanana kunyorerana lenses mune diki zvakawanda. Vamwe mishonga yokuuraya utachiona akaumbwa rehydrogen peroxide uye catalase inoshandiswa Makakamura chikamu ichi pamberi reusing lenses.

basa

Basa catalase enzayemu kunoenderana nemakore nhengo. Majaya nyama yacho enzayemu basa kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura mune hwekare. With zera muvanhu uye mhuka catalase basa zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoderedza somugumisiro kukwegura kuti nyama uye nhengo dzomuviri.

Maererano neimwe ongororo ichangobva kuitwa, vasanyanye pakati catalase basa ndechimwe inobvira zvinokonzera bvudzi graying. Rehydrogen peroxide anogadzirwa ichi- mumuviri womunhu, asi asina kukuvadzwa - catalase uchiora rakakurumidza. Asi kana padanho enzayemu ichi ipfupi, zviri pachena kuti havasi vose hydrogen peroxide iri catalyzed ne enzayemu. Saka discolors kubva mukati bvudzi kuburikidza Kuparadzwa dzinongoitika madhayi. Izvi chisingatombotarisirwi kuwanikwa pari kuedzwa ne vaongorori, uye angave nezvaanoita kukura zvinodhaka, kumbomira graying bvudzi.