Social mhando unhu. unhu mamiriro: evanhu unhu mhando

Soul kuziva ... ... Unhu ... Chii chete soro nepfungwa vanoshamiswa pamusoro izvi pfungwa. Nyika-mukurumbira psychoanalyst Freud kutanga akatanga STRUCTURAL cherudo munhu ave dzidzo simba.

Kudzidza unhu

Mumwe mukuru mirayiridzo iri evanhu - kuongorora munhu sezvo pasocial mhando. Izvi imhaka yokuti tsanangudzo iyi zvinoita kuti anzwisise kuti vanhu kushanda, kufungisisa nezvinodiwa nomumwe nomumwe, uyewo zvinoita kutonga pakukura kwezvakatipoteredza.

Munguva kudzidza pfungwa "unhu", masayendisiti vakagara pamusoro kushandiswa pedyo matanhatu:

1. Yokukakavadzniswa zvinhu: pakutanga murume ari evanhu munhu, kukura iyo kunobva zvipenyu, dzidzo, magariro evanhu zvakatipoteredza uye unyanzvi kuzvidzora dzidzo.
2. Anthropological: unhu ndiye mutakuri unhu hwevanhu.
3. Normative: unhu - social munhu ane pfungwa uye anokwanisa kushanda.
4. Sociological murume - unhu, izvo rinosanganisa uye zvokurimisa munhu akakodzera mumagariro maitiro uye unhu.
5. Personalistic: chinonyanya achishandisa paumbwe unhu ndiye "Ini - maonero." Unhu - kuva kwevanhu mupfungwa siyana pamusoro maonero akaripoteredza.
6. Biology uye genetics: bioprogramma munhu anosarudza maitiro ake.

Saka, shoko rokuti "munhu" pane chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Rinoreva munhu sezvo pasi uye chinhu biosocial ukama uye somunhu inobatanidza mumwe munhu, munzanga uye inoshanda nyaya mairi. Avo zvinhu izvo kazhinji dzinoitika munhengo munzanga, uye dzinoumba mhando unhu.

munhu wacho mudziyo

Tsanangudzo iyi zvinosanganisira nhanho nhatu: zvipenyu, zvepfungwa uye magariro. Wokutanga ine zvepanyama unhu wemunhu; ndiwo mamiriro muviri uye nevakwegura, unhu uye zvepabonde zvinhu. Yechipiri rinobatanidza mupfungwa maitiro chokuita yedzinza (kuda, ndangariro, pfungwa, vachifunga).

Wechitatu pamwero yave sublevels vanorondedzerwa sezvinotevera:

1. Opinion: zvido wacho, vavariro dzake, zviitiko, zvinangwa uye zvichingodaro. Sublevel ari pedyo nevanhu paruzhinji kuziva.
2. Zvakananga, tsika. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose tsika uye dzemunharaunda maitiro evanhu.
3. Moral. Ndizvo chikamu tsika unhu.

unhu mamiriro. Social unhu mhando

Chokwadi, pamusoro kwevari kwava hasha zvikuru uye zvakaoma, asi zvisinei ndiyo hwaro mberi pakudzidza. Wepfungwa S. L. Rubinshteyn kuti zvidzidzo kwevanhu kushandisa mhinduro dzemibvunzo mitatu: "Ko chinokwezva uye unotsvaka kuva" Mhinduro zvinoratidza musuo kuti chakavanzika nomumwe zviri wacho.

KK Platonov akataura zvina unhu substructures:

1. Dzidziso, rinosanganisira zvitendero, maonero, zvishuvo, mafungiro, zvido. Panguva iyi sandara, tsika unhu zvinozarurwa, uyewo siyana ukama hwevanhu.
2. The ruzivo, izvo kunooneka pacharo nounyanzvi, ruzivo, unyanzvi. Heino kukura unhu kuburikidza vaunganidza nhoroondo ruzivo.
3. Unhu zvinoitwa kushanda kwendangariro uye mabasa.
4. Biological maitiro (bonde, zera, mhando tsinga, etc.).

A. N. Leontev rinorondedzera unhu sechinhu chinokosha unhu chete nzanga yaanobva. On sechivako inozivikanwa wepfungwa anoti "kugadzikana configuration pamusoro wechikoro, mukati motivational, hierarchic pemitsara."

Saka, muna unhu kushanda mwoyo chinoumba motivational hurongwa. Rinotevera pamwero inzira kushandisa vavariro (unhu, magariro mabasa, uye zvichingodaro). Features hwevanhu pakuzvichengetedza uye nyika vakapinda Substructure rechitatu. Communication hwounhu zvose kwevanhu, kuramba kuoneka pamusoro matambudziko kwezvakatipoteredza ndiwo evanhu mhando unhu.

kuona rudzi munhu zveBhaibheri

Pfungwa yokuti "kuzivikanwa sezvo pasocial mhando," vakakwezvwa vaongorori vakawanda. Somuenzaniso, Aristotle dzikarongwa mitsetse uye pakudaro runoparadzanisa vanhu mu "unhu" uye "akaipa." K. G .Yung akatsanangura munhu anotaurirwa pacharo ( "Yin"), uye pfungwa kunze nyika ( "Yang"). In zvepfungwa, ivo pakuzivikanwa se vanonyara uye extroverts. Pavakanga vaizivikanwa mhando vanhu - vachifunga, pfungwa, emotive uye intuity. Hwaro wokutanga mhando - nezvekufadza wechipiri - mafungiro, wechitatu - manzwiro chechina - kunzwisisa. D. Moreno uye T. Parsons akasika basa unhu dzidziso. Rinotaura kuti munhu wose ari magariro anotora kwaanogara kwayo (chinzvimbo). Mumwe hurumende ine nhamba soMupi murume.

nomumwe typology

Kuburikidza ezvinhu dzidzo uye kurovedzwa kuti zvinodiwa nzanga anotanga kuumba evanhu mhando unhu. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu vanotenda kuti unhu - ndizvo Anodzivira kushanda kwendangariro uye maitiro anopa kugadzikana uye kusachinja-chinja. Basa rinokosha inoumbiridza mhando reDare anotevera dzidziso: psychobiological (W. Sheldon), biosocial (G. Allport, Carl Rogers), psychostatic (J. Eysenck, R. Cattell), namagariro (Karen Horney, K. Adler).

Pane zvakasiyana typology. Somuenzaniso, Weber kunobva maitiro ake vakaisa ukuru rationality nezvaaiita. Erich Fromm, kutsanangura evanhu unhu mhando, rinokamukana kuva vanogamuchira, accumulative, kushandiswa kwavana, musika.

Nhasi evanhu vakasarudza govera zvinotevera vanhu:

1. Traditionalist. munhu akadaro ndiye refu, kurongeka, kuranga moyo tsika. Hazvisi chido kuzvidzora Kuziva.
2. Idealist. Type zvinoreva nokumunyima tsika, kuzvimirira, asingadi kubvuma simba. Kazhinji kuita kuzvidzora kuvandudzika.
3. Kuvhiringidzika. Unhu ane kusanyatsozviremekedza, kazhinji anonyunyuta nezvoutano ake uye kuora mwoyo.
4. Muiti wechokwadi. Vanhu chokuita ichi mhando basa, kudzora manzwiro avo vari kuita kuzvidzora Kuziva.
5. Hedonist. Kakawanda, munhu akadaro achitsvaka mafaro, kuti vabudirire zvido zvavo.

Uyewo vaunze socio-mupfungwa unhu mhando:

1. "Figures." Nokuti vamiririri ichi mhando huru basa iri kuchinja vamwe vanhu uye pachake. Vasimba, andinenge, mhosva.
2. "Nevafungi". Sezvo muenzaniso uyu mhando kunogona kuguma mufananidzo somuzivi, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuratidza uye kuchengeta.
3. "Emotional." Izvi zvinosanganisira vanhu vanovimba nemanzwiro, manzwiro uye kunzwisisa. Ichi inopenya, zvinhu unhu, kukwanisa kunzwisisa runako.
4. "Kwevanhu". Izvi mhando ane zvikuru dzakabudirira urombo. Ane rakanakisisa pfungwa pfungwa womunhu.

Zvechokwadi, vakawanda mhando zvakavhenganiswa munzanga unhu. Tinogona kutaura kuti pane mumwe nomumwe anogara wakachenjera, mumiriri uye unhu.

How kuona mhando unhu. bvunzo

Kune nzira dzakawanda kuti kudzidza unhu hwake. Vanhuwo zvikuru;

1. Test Leonhard. The remibvunzo iri 88 mibvunzo inofanira akapindura "hongu" kana "kwete." The mugumisiro richava accentuation hunhu, ndiko kuziva zvikuru maitiro chikabviswa kuti kupiwa nomumwe.
2. Test Holland. Heano majoko 42 sika kubva izvo kusarudza zvakawanda nzvimbo. The mugumisiro - tsanangudzo yacho mhando.
3. Typological remibvunzo Keyrsi. Inoitwa mibvunzo 70 pamwe pfungwa mhinduro. Sarudzai mumwe mashoko aunoda. Somugumisiro - tsanangudzo dzakadaro wacho.