Social kufamba mu Russia: munhoroondo chiitiko

Social kufamba sezvo yoga muhombe nharaunda yevanhu vakabatanidzwa nevakawanda chinangwa, chero refu chaizvo nguva. chitarisiko chavo chokuita kukura absolutism yechipiri yezana namanomwe remakore. Wokutanga sangano evanhu muRussia vaiva hunhu yokumukira uye yakabuda sezvo mhinduro zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvetsika kuchinja kuitika munharaunda.

Sezvo muenzaniso nemanomwe remakore evanhu fambisa kunogona kwakaitika muna 1648 muMoscow Salt saiyoyo. Chikonzero ichi kwokumukira mutero kuchinja akava boyar Boris Morozov (1647), umo iye akataura Kuturwa yokuwedzera, pfachura nokuda vanhuwo, ugororo - mutero pamusoro munyu. Mugumisiro zvakagadzirwa ichi chaiva kuderedza munyu kudyiwa kubudikidza Vagari veguta rakapinza kuwedzera chokuita Kusagutsikana ichi.

Kwapera gore, munyu mutero yakanga yabviswa, asi pachinzvimbo akatanga mamwe mitero zvakananga. nguva ino, kusagutsikana kwavo akanga achiratidza kwete chete vanhu vanhuwo asiwo nhengo kwamachinda. The kusununguka mamiriro kwave awedzera muMoscow pashure vapfuri vana chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich vagari vakapararira, akasarudza kumupa chichemo chavo. Muzhizha 1648 kutanga vakawanda pogroms dzimba boyars ', vaikurudzira evanhu sangano aida kuvapa pakuurawa Morozov nevamwe munyaya mutero kuchinja mumakore achangopfuura, boyars. Zvaizobuda kwokumukira kwakanga paumbwe vomuguta Union, vanokudzwa, uye uta, uyo akabvunza kuti convening anotevera Zemsky Sobor. Papera nguva, tichitevedzera Moscow, kumukira yakafanana kufanorongwa vamwe vagari kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe dzenyika.

Kubva mumuenzaniso uyu tinoona kuti wokutanga sangano zvemagariro muRussia akasimuka nomuzvarirwo mukupindura zviito vagari pedyo vanhu simba. sangano kwakadaro akatora chimiro vakawanda, aiva mutungamiriri wavo, asi kuti avaidze-aronga izere shoko hazviiti. Zvikuru vaiva seboka maitiro dzinoratidzwa zvakanaka aronga zviito spontaneity, kushaya sangano uye mutungamiriri simba, kuzvironga zviito racho.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri evanhu kufamba mu Russia weveta 19-20 remakore. Zvaive munguva iyi yokutanga echimurenga pfungwa zvinobva mupfungwa zhinji kurovedzera uye voruzhinji. The kuipandukira wokutanga, sezvinoita mutemo, vaiva vadzidzi of Moscow uye St. Petersburg kumayunivhesiti. In gumi remakore rechi19 muSt Petersburg rechipiri, pane wokutanga chakavanzika sangano vakuru ( "chikwata Sacred"), imwe nyika sangano ( "Union of Salvation"). Izvi magariro kufamba yakasiyana nokuvapo vatungamiri uye chinangwa chaicho kubva yapfuura vane (the abolition pakati serfdom, sapakuparadzwa nehurumende ano), kunyatsoteerera pakavanda, ya ariko. Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, panguva Moscow University vari slavophiles mugs, dzokumadokero, magariro utopians, etc. kukura uremu kusagutsikana chete dambudziko yeRussian miduku yokuruwa mudunhu.

Kana remakore rechi20, vazhinji unoshamisa evanhu fambisa nguva vaiva parinouya uye vashandi 'kwevashandi mafekitari of Moscow, ari Donbas, ivo Urals, enyika veboka SRs uye Social Democrats, nokubatana norugare - vanyori vakadzidza.

Contemporary munzanga kufamba mu Russia iri rakakura siyana, vakawanda vavo vari inoitirwa, sezvo mutemo nokuda zvinangwa rugare. basa ravo nechinangwa kudzivirira zvido zvimwe Mapato vokuparidzira, kundorwa kukanganisa kodzero vemo uye nyika. Kuvapo uye mabasa evanhu evanhu Masangano hazvibvumidzwe, sezvo mutemo, panguva zvemitemo chechetere.