Pension points - chii icho? Nhaurirano yepensheni inowanikwa sei?

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kuchinja kwepenheni kwakave nokuchinja kwakanyanya zvokuti kwakarurama uye kunopesana nenhamba. Kune ani uye yakawanda sei? Avo avo vakatanga kubvunza mubvunzo uyu, pakarepo vakawana imwe tsanangudzo inonakidza zvikuru: zvikoro zvepensheni. Chinyiko ichi uye chii chine ukama kune huwandu hunopiwa kwatiri nehurumende hwekwegura? Izvi uye kwete kwete chete tichazotaura nhasi.

Chii chinonzi PKI uye kuti ungaverenga sei penheni?

Nekugamuchirwa kweDare reMutemo "PaInishuwarensi Pensions", nzira itsva yekuwana mari "yekwegura" yasvika muupenyu hwedu. Iye zvino nhamba yemabhengi ekugamuchirwa newe pane imwe nguva haingatenderi kunyanya kumakore akashanda sepamusoro pezvikwereti zvepensheni. Chii ichocho?

Iyo yakareba yakareba yakawanikwa nemunhu panguva yeawa X, inodzokororwa mumatunhu. Kubatana kwavo kunonziwo munhu wepenhenji coefficient, akafukidzirwa se IPK. Nokudaro, pensheni inotevera:

П = Ф + Н + Б * Сб

• P-pension;
• F - mari yakatarwa, gore negore yakagadzwa nehurumende;
• H - anowedzera chikamu chepenjeni kune avo vanoumbwa;
• B - nhamba yepakati penhepfenyuro;
• Sat - mari ye 1 pension penhote mugore razvino.

Kana yava nguva yekurega basa

Kuti atange kunyora kwepenjeni, munhu anenge apfigirwa anofanira kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:

• Kusvika panguva yekurega basa yakagadzwa nehurumende;
• Iva nehukuru hwakakura kudarika kana hwakaenzana nehuwandu;
• Kuunganidza huwandu hwepurogiramu dzepensheni.

Kana imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu isati yasangana, chizvarwa chacho chine nzira mbiri:

• Ramba uchishanda kusvikira zvose zvasangana nazvo;
• Shandisa kuPensheni Fund kuti uwane mari yezvemagariro evanhu mushure mekunge uine makore akadikanwa (makore 60/65 kuvarume / varume maererano).

Kuwedzera kwepfungwa yepenjeni kunoitwa gore negore rebasa. Nokudaro, gare gare munhu anoenda kundoita penheji, humwe huwandu huchava nawo. Asi panewo zvishoma zvishoma zvishoma. Hapana nharo - kwete penheji. Kusvika pari zvino, bhomba yekomboro ndeye 11.4, uye muna 2025 kukosha uku kuchasvika kusvika 30.

Nenzira imwecheteyo, huwandu hurefu hwebasa huchawedzerwawo muchiyero. Vaya vanoenda kunotora basa muna 2017, zvakakwana kuti vashande kwemakore manomwe, mune ramangwana chiyero ichi chichawedzerwa kusvika ku15 uye muna 2025 chichava chikuru.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nguva ino inosanganisira nguva dzinotevera:

• Chirevo;
• Kushumira muuto;
• Nguva dzekushaya simba kwebasa;
• Kuva musungwa;
• Nguva yakashandiswa pakushandurwa kwebasa;
• Zvimwe.

Mari yakasarudzwa uye mashizha ayo

Kuti tinzwisise kuti mapurogiramu epenjeni anotarirwa sei, regai tiongorore chiratidzo chega chega chinowanikwa mumutsetse wega wega.

Nhamba yekutanga ndeye "Ф, ndiko kuti, yakasimbiswa mari. Iyi ndiyo imwe yemari yakagadzwa nehurumende uye isingatenderi kune zvipi zvacho zvinoratidza basa rako. Kubvira muna 2016, huwandu hwayo hwakagadziridzwa zvakasimba uye ndeye 4 000 rubles 559. Saizvozvowo, kutengesa kwenyika kunogadziriswa , iyo iyo nhamba ichawedzera gore negore. Iko 1.04. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, muna 2017 chikamu chakasarudzwa muhutori hwekuverengera chimiro ndechekuti:

4 559 * 1,04 = 4 741 (tinodonha makecks kuti tive nyore).

Iko kunewo mapoka akasiyana-siyana ayo anotengesa mazinga anoshandiswa:

• Zvisizvo zveboka rokutanga;
• Vanhu, koim "vakagogodza" makore anopfuura 80;
• Vashandi kana vanogara muFar North kana nzvimbo yakaenzana nayo;
• Ndivanaani vanotarirwa nhengo yemhuri, nekuda kwezvikonzero zveutano vasingakwanisi kuita basa rakasununguka.

Nzira yekuverenga nharo?

Saka, purogiramu yepensheni. Zvinorevei, zvishoma kana zvishoma zvakajeka. Asi sei kuverenga nhamba yavo? Pano zvose hazvisi nyore.

Chipiri chechipiri muhurukuro yedu ndeye H, kana chikamu chinowedzera chepenheni. Iko yakabva kupi?

Kwenguva yakati ikozvino, vagari veRussia vave vachipihwa kuti vagadzirire penheni yavo nenzira mbiri:

1. Kugamuchira chete inshurensi yepensheni uye kuendesa kune yakagadzirirwa 16% yemaripo.
2. Gurai penheni muzvikamu zviviri. Kuita izvi, 10 muzana yemari inoshandiswa kune chikamu cheshuwarenzi, uye 6% inowanikwa mune imwe nhoroondo yepamusoro uye inowedzera kuwanda. Iyi ndiyo N. yedu.

Kusvikira 2015, vagari veRussia vakabvumidzwa kusarudza rudzi rwemari yepenjeni yavaizova nayo:

• Inishuwarenzi chete;
• Inishuwarenzi + yakawanda.

Kubva mumwedzi wokutanga wegore ra2015, purogiramu yega yega inogona kuverengwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekutevera:

B = (Sv / CM) * 10

• Sv - mari yezvipo zvakanyorwa pane inshuwarisi chikamu chepenheni nemari (gore negore). Kukosha kwayo kunobva pane mubhadharo uye pamhando ipi yepensheni iyo munhu akasarudza.
• Ona-iyo yakawanda inokwanisika yekubhadhara inishuwarenzi yekodzero yakazara (16%) yemari, yakachengetwa kubva kune iyo yakawanda inowanikwa mubhadharo (nheyo).

Muenzaniso kuverenga

Ngatiedzei kuzvimiririra kuverenga zvikwereti zvepenjeni. Kuti izvi hazvisi zvakaoma, unogona kuona pamuenzaniso unotevera:

Misha yevashandi K. - 35 000 maRubles pamwedzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti gore anowana mabhiriki 420 zviuru.

Iko mari yakawanda yekubhadhara michero yePP muna 2017 ndeye 876,000 Russian rubles. Nhamba yezvipo kubva kune ichi chiratidzo chekutanga:

876 000 * 16% = 140 160 rubles. Ichi ndicho Chedu.

Kusarudza 1

Vagari veK. vakada kupiwa chete inshurensi yepensheni. Munyaya iyi, mari yezvipo zvake zvegore negore kuPension Fund ichave:

C = 420,000 * 16% = 67,200 rubles.

Iye zvino tava kuverenga purogiramu yepensheni ye 2017:

B = (67 200/140 160) * 10 = 4.79

Pfungwa 2

Mushandi K. akasarudza muenzaniso wakavhenganiswa pakuumbwa kwepenheni, uye naizvozvo ane zvose inshuwarisi uye chikamu chinobhadhara mari. Munyaya iyi:

Sv = 420,000 * 10% = 42,000 rubles.

B = (42 000/140 160) * 10 = 2.997

Iko kunofanira kuyeukwa kuti kune huwandu huwandu hwenheyo dzinouya mune ramangwana rinogona kuunganidza mune rimwe gore rimwe nerimwe. Nekutanga kwehuwandu hwekuverenga muna 2017, chiyero ichi chichava 8.26, uye nechipiri chechipiri - 5.16. Izvi zvinoratidza kuchinja kwegore negore uye kubva muna 2021 zvichava 10 uye 6.25 maererano. Kunyange kana iwe ukawana nhamba yakakura muhuwandu, zviratidzo zvakadaro chete zvichatorwa.

Nzira yekuverenga sei "Soviet" chiitiko?

Uye zvakadini nevaya vakashanda muUSSR kune humwe hupenyu hwavo? Nzira yekuverenga sei zvikoro zvekurasikirwa zvechiitiko cheSoviet? Zvose zvakanyanya zvakaoma pano. Hurumende inokurudzira kuchinja kodzero dzose dzepensheni dzakagamuchirwa mumakore apfuura.

Izvi zvinoitika nenzira iyi:

1. Zvose zvikwereti zvakawanikwa kare gore ra2002 zvinoshandiswa kune mari yakaenzana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuverenga kunoitwa maererano nesarudzo yekare, zvichifungisisa maitiro ebasa uye mubhadharo wepamwe makore mashanu akatevedzana.
2. Nhamba iyi inowedzera (indexed) ne10%. Vaya vakashanda gore ra1991, gore rimwe nerimwe rakakwana rekuziva basa, imwe 1% yakawedzerwa.
3. Mipiro yose yakabhadharwa kuPensheni Fund munguva ya 2002-2014. Wedzerai, uye wedzera nhamba ye index. Somugumisiro, tinowana iyo inonzi inonzi pension capital.
4. Iye zvino chiyero ichi chakakamurwa nenhamba 228 uye mutengo we1 point, yakagadzirirwa muna 2015. Nezuva rino, imwe yero yechipfuva chekusiya basa "inodhura" 64 rubles uye kopecks 10.

Sezvaunonzwisisa, kuverenga kuregererwa kwezviitiko zvezviitiko zvakawanikwa mumakore eSoviet zvakaoma zvikuru. Asi kuti uwane zvishoma chimiro chekufungidzira chiri chaicho chaizvo.

Mari yekuwedzera pamapu

Muhupenyu hwevanhu vose pane zvikonzero zvakanaka chaizvo zvekusashanda. Uye mutemo wezvino wepensheni unofunga izvi. Zvimwe zvepensheni purogiramu ndeyevanhu vasiri vashandi mumatambudziko akadaro:

• Kuputsa mubasa maererano nekutarisira boka rakaremara I - 1.8;
• Gore roga roga basa rehondo (nehurumende) - 1,8;
• Mazuva 365 ekutarisira mwana akaremara - 1,8
• Kunyatsoremekedzwa kwemakore kwevanhu vakwegura (makore anopfuura makumi matatu) murume - 1,8;
• Mazuva 365 anotarisira mwana wekutanga - 1.8;
• Iyo imwe nguva yekuchengetwa kwechipiri mwana - 3.6;
• Nevana vatatu uye vakatevera - 5.4.

Izvi zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mapeji emapenjeni akawedzerwa mukuchengetwa kwevana anotarirwa pachikonzero chokuti zororo iri imwechete nehafu. Semuenzaniso, amai vanorera vana vana, nenguva yavanotora basa, vachangova:

1.8x1.5 + 3.6x1.5 + 5.4x1.5 + 5.4x1.5 = 24.3 points.

Kuti awane kodzero yepenheni, inofanira kushanda zvishoma. Zvinonakidza kuti vanaamai vanorera mapatya kana katatu vachawana mamwe mazano sevana vasina mwana. Izvi ndechokuti munyaya iyi, kwete nhamba yevana, asi nguva iyo amai vangu vasina kushanda maererano nekuvatarisira, inofungidzirwa.

Nenzira iyo, kana munhu akashanda nguva yakawanda paanenge achienda kubasa rekuchengeta vana, unogona kusarudza kuti ndeapi mapepa achaenda "muchikwereti": kumabasa kana kumwana.

Chii chaicho chiripo chepenenho purogiramu?

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kubva muna 2015 mari "mari" ye1 pension pension yakagadzirirwa pamatanho e 64.10 rubles. Asi mukati memwedzi uyu nhamba yacho yakanyorerwa uye yakasvika 71.41 Russian rubles. Gore negore musi waFebruary 1 chiyero ichi chinowedzera kuendeswa kune imwe gorosi yakakwana yakaenzana ne04. Zviri nyore kuverenga kuti muna 2017 kukosha kweshoko rimwe chete rekuchengetedza mari ndeyekuti:

74.3 * 1.04 = 77.3 mabhesi.
Iye zvino une data yose kuti uverenge mari inotarisirwa. Asi kana iwe usingadi kudzokorora pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvose, ziva: kune imwe nzira yakajeka sei yekuverenga mari yekurega basa. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kushanyira nzvimbo yePensheni Fund yeRussia, nyora mubhuku re "Personal Account" uye shandisa purogirator yepensheni. Kana uchinge wawana data yose yakakodzera, iwe uchagamuchira mumasekondi mashomanana zviyero zvakakwana zveunotarisira mari yako.