Paper hukuru maererano ISO

Nhasi isu nezvoUmambo bepa hukuru. nyaya dzavo rinotanga kuguma XVIII-fung remakore. Muna 1798 mumwe munyori wokuGermany uye musayendisiti, Dr. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, mutsamba yake kuna Johann Beckmann anotsanangura hunoshanda uye aesthetic chinotaurwa reshiyo wakaenzana kune mativi mudzi 2.

Makore akawanda gare gare, hurumende yeFrance iri Pakusuma mutemo pamusoro mitero pabepa vatengesi, vachisimbisa kuti kukura, rave chaizvo unoenderana ano zvinogona ISO. "Grand Register" - ndiwo ISO ari A2, "Grand paperi" - ISO B3 uye zvichingodaro. French zvinogona kuzombova akakurumbira vakakanganikwa anenge kwemakore zana.

Muna 1922 muGermany nechinangwa upfumi uye kunyatsoshanda nezvevanakomana Din mureza 406. pfungwa iyi yaiva zvinogutsa zvokuti nyika zhinji muna Europe uye Asia vari German somunhu National mwero. Uye kubva 1975, nokuti pamutemo zvinyorwa zvose weUnited Nations iri kwayo saizi papepa akapinda.

The anosiyiwa vari munyika muna North America, ndiwo United States neCanada, uyewo Japan.

Maererano ISO mapepa pakutanga rakakamurwa makirasi mikuru mitatu. Hwaro akatorwa shizha nharaunda mumwe mativi mita. Saka kukura unoenderana A0 format. Zvinonzi akatenda urefu uye upamhi mu mm. Kazhinji, zvimwe zvose pepa hukuru takatsunga kuburikidza kupatsanura wakarebesa rutivi vaviri, kureva, kana A0 (841x1189) akagerwa nepakati, tinowana 594h841. Izvi zvichava A1 kukura, etc.

Nokuti mashoko okuwedzera achaita hukuru zvose dzekirasi A iri tafura.

A kirasi Russia ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa. Inonyanya kufarirwa runoonekwa kuna A4 kukura. Akashandisa zuva nezuva mamiriyoni mumahofisi.

Asi muna Europe, vakawanda kugadzirwa haagoni inobva chero chaiyo format. Chikonzero ndechokuti michina yokudhinda kuwedzera kushandiswa kuti anogona kushanda kwose zvinogutsa nevatengi kudiwa. Ndokusaka pane mapepa zvinogona Zvinokonzerwa B. Vari rinorondedzerwa so geometric zvinoreva pakati yakavakidzana kirasi A. Kureva, B1 geometric zvinoreva pakati A0 uye A1. Uye zvinofanana S-kirasi youduku - ndiro geometric zvinoreva pakati zvinogona A uye B chete nhamba. Ndizvo tsamba yakanyorwa pamusoro A4 jira, zvakakwana riri pamanyorerwo C4 hamvuropu uye Pepa A5 pasina matambudziko iri hamvuropu C5.

Vose zvinogona aya reuna kureva, ndicho kukura Pepa apedza mabhuku.

On mapeji kutsvaka injini kazhinji kuvhiringidzika pamwe pamanyorerwo uye unhu. Classes A, B, C chero zvazvingava hakufaniri kuvhiringidzwa pepa uye muchikwata A +, B, B +, C, C + - uye vakutarisire. Muchiitiko chokutanga - ndiko kukura, rechipiri - mugiredhi uye zvivako. The pamusoro Mapoka havatsananguri kunaka pepa zvimwe parameters, akadai arambe achirema, sechando, mwando, curl they, conductivity, kumeso, roughness, ukobvu, kuomarara. Saka Mapato pakutsvaga quality, kuti ndiye bepa umbozha muchikwata - zviri A, ukoshi mari - bepa muchikwata mupepa upfumi kirasi - S.