Nhare uye masvingo muBelarus

Pfuma yemakona ane simba eRadziwills, ayo achiri kuchengetwa kuchamhembe kweParis, musha weGolshany, pamwe chete neBermuda triangle yakanyorwa mumabhuku enhoroondo yezvivimbiso panzvimbo dzepasi, nhamba yakawanda yezvakavanzika uye nhoroondo dzinogona kudzidzwa zvose pamusoro payo nekutanga rwendo runonakidza kuburikidza neByelorussia.

Nyika yenhare

Nyika yeBelarusian, iyo iyo nzira huru dzekutengeserana dzakapfuura, dzaiwanzorwiswa, sezvo paiva nevanhu vashomanana vanoda kutora nzvimbo iyi. Ichi chaiva chikonzero chekuonekwa pano kwehuwandu hwezvivako zvekudzivirira, nhare, dzimba. Ndicho chikonzero muMiddle Ages, Belarus yakanzi nyika yenhare.

Precursors of the castles were hillforts. Kuonekwa kwemasvingo akavakwa nematombo muzana remakore rechi13 nezana remakore rechi14 nezana remakore rechi15 rakashandurwa rikava nekugadzirwa kwematombo ematombo pamwe nemuganhu.

Kuvhara muBelrusrus kwakaputirwa mune zvakavanzika uye ine chinyorwa chakakura chezvakaitika kare uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kwepakati nedzimwe dzakawanda zveEurope zvinyorwa zvekare.

Mir castle

Chimwe chezviyeuchidzo izvi Mir Castle (World) muBelarus. Iko iri munzvimbo yeGrodno. Mavambo ekutanga edzidziso inoyevedza yekuvakwa kwekudzivirirwa yakadzokera kumashure kwezana remakore rechi16. Nhare yakatangwa naChristine Illinich, uye muna 1568, zvisiri izvo, yakapfuura Nikolai Radziwill, uyo akaipedza mumutambo weRenaissance. Uyu mupfumi wePolish-ChiLithuania -Belorussia aiva neMir castle kusvikira muna 1891.

Pasinei nekunaka uye simba, imba yacho haina kutarisa, kunyange zvazvo yakagadziriswa senzvimbo yekudzivirira, kufanana nedzimba dzose muBelarus. Chigadziko chakanga chakareba, rumwe rutivi rwaiva mamita makumi manomwe, uye upamhi hwemasvingo hwakaita mamita matatu pasi. Kureba kwemasvingo kwaiva mamita gumi, uye shongwe dzaiva nechepholes dzakasvika mamita 25.

Nhare yacho, ichirova nekunaka kwayo, yakakomberedzwa nehombe yevhu ine mamita mapfumbamwe kumusoro. Mvura inobhurwa yakakomberedza muti uyu, izere nemvura nekuda kweMiranka rwizi uye gungwa idzva.

Makamuri emapurisa akanga ari padhoro rechitatu reimba, rakagadzirwa muchivanze. Pasi rechipiri rakagoverwa kumapuranga nehurumende, uye yekutanga yakashandiswa sezvokudya uye zvigadziro zvezvombo.

Nhasi Mir Castle, uko kudzorerwa kuri kushingaira, inoitwa musamu. Inonzi "Castle Complex Mir", iyo yakazarurirwa kune vashanyi.

Nesvizh Castle in Belarusian

Imwe nzvimbo yemachinda eRadziwills yaiva Nesvizh Castle. Maererano neimwe yezvinyorwa, tuneni yakavakwa pakati payo neMir Castle kusvika kure makiromita makumi matatu nemasere uye zvakakura zvekuti zvingangodarika vashandi vanobatanidzwa ne troika. Asi kusvika pakusangana, hapana chivimbo.

Nheyo dzeimba yeNesvizh yakaiswa muna 1583. Pamusana pekuvaka zvakare, imba yamambo inobatanidza miitiro yakawanda yekugadzira: neo-Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance, Rococo, Classicism.

Nemhaka yenzvimbo yekurwisana neRussia yeimba yeimba muna 1764 -1768, Nesvizh yakanga inotorwa nemauto eRussia. Iraibhurari, iyo archive uye zvinhu zvose zvinokosha zvakatorwa ndokuendeswa kuSt. Petersburg.

Pakupedzisira, Radziwills akabuda muimba muna 1939, apo Red Army yakapinda muNesvizh. Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, paki-imba huru yakasvika pakuparadzwa.

Kudzorerwa uye basa rokudzorera rakatanga muna 2004 rakaunza iyo nhare yakakwirira kumweya. Nesvizh muBelrusrus yakaonekwa senzvimbo yemutsika, uye imba yepamusoro uye nzvimbo yepaki yakava Nzvimbo yeUnited World Heritage Site. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakakura paki yeEurope, yakaiswa muzana remakore rechi19, makungwa ekukomberedza, nzvimbo dzine shady uye imba yeimba yakaita kuti nzvimbo iyi izivikanwe zvikuru nevashanyi.

Brest Castle

Belarus yakave yakakurumbira munyika yose nekuda kwekudzivirira kwevadziviriri veBrest Fortress, iri kumaodzanyemba, pedyo nemuganhu nePoland. Brest pachayo inenge inenge chiuru chemakore nhoroondo. Nzvimbo yemamiriro ezvinhu yakonzera hondo dzakawanda dzakapfuura pano pasi. Brest Castle yakasara yakawanda yakawanda, zvichiita kuti yakange yaparadzwa zvachose. Zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvaro zvaishandiswa mukuvakwa kweimba yakasimba yezita rimwe chete.

Mufananidzo uri pamusoro apa unoratidza Gedhi reKhlm reBrest Fortress.

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare uye mapoka ezvokuchera matongo vari kushanda pakuwana masara eimba yacho pachayo. Somugumisiro wezvokuchera muVolyn rusvingo, rusvingo rutsigiro rwezvinyorwa zvakavakwa muzana remakore rechi16 kana rechi17 rakawanikwa. Imba imwe chete yevatongi vezvakaitika kare vanochera matongo vanove netariro yekuwana.

Nhoroondo dzeGolshansky Castle

Mutaundi duku reGolshany kune matongo eimba huru imwechete, iyo yaiva yebasa rakanaka Sapere. Zvinyorwa zvaro zvakafanana neMir Castle. Imba yakavakwa, iyo inomiririra mumiriri webasa rekuDutch, yakagadzirwa naPavel Sapega muna 1610. Nhasi kubva paukuru hwayo hwekare kune marongo chete. Kuparadza kwakasimba kwakaitika munguva dzehondo mbiri dzokupedzisira.

Kunyange zvakadaro, Golshany Castle inonyanyozivikanwa nevatashanyi. Vakawanda vanokwezva neara yechakavanzika uye nhema dzakawanda dzakapona kusvikira nhasi.

Maererano nemumwe wavo, mumatongo eguyo, iri pakutanga kweguta racho, usiku hunogona kunzwa kugaya kwematombo, kurira kwemabhiza uye inzwi remukuru miller. Sezvo izvi zviri chokwadi, unogona kuzviongorora iwe pachako nekushanyira Holstein Castle.

Forty Bykhov

Munharaunda yeMogilev mudhoro reBykhov kune imwe nzvimbo yakasimba muBelrusrus yakasara kusvikira nhasi. Kutaura kwokutanga kwaro kwakabva muzana remakore rechi14. Yakanga iri iyo iyo nzvimbo yokutanga yerusvingo yakaonekwa . Bykhov, yakakomberedzwa nemugwagwa une zvigaro uye nzvimbo yakadzika, yakange yakakurumbira nokuda kwayo. Nhare iyo pachayo yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi17 pasi paJan Karol Hadkiewicz, uyo akashandisa senyika yekugara pabhangi yakarurama yeDnieper River. Muna 1619 kuvaka kweimba yakazadzikiswa.

Kubvira ipapo, akawana hondo dzakawanda dzehondo. Petro wekutanga akakomba nhare yeBokhov kaviri. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi18, nhare yakawira pasi pekumanikidzwa kweRussian tsar. Kupinda muRussia, Bykhov yakarasikirwa nechinangwa chake, kuva, kufanana neimba dzakawanda muByelorussia, chinyorwa chekuvakwa kwezvakaitika kare.

Nhasi, kubva pakubwinya kwayo kwekare, zvikamu zvinoramba zviripo. Hurumende yehurumende yakagadzira chirongwa chekudzorerwa kwechivakwa chekugadzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana, mari yekudzorerwa ichatakurwa kwete chete nemunharaunda, asiwo nehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika. Apo vafambi vanogona kuona chete matongo eimba huru yeSapieha.

Vakoma muBelrusrus vakashama vatashanisi chiitiko chepamusoro chevanhu vemunyika ino mweya yavo isina kuparadzwa nehondo dzakawanda uye nhamo. Kuchengetedzwa nekudzorerwa kweimba dzeBelarus uchapupu hwokuti rugare nerusununguko-vanoda vanhu vokuBelarus vanoyeuka nhoroondo yemadzitateguru avo.