Mycelium - chii? Ndezvipi mycelium kuti notumwe?

Mycelium - chii? Ngatimboonai ichi zvizere. Chero mycelium chinosanganisira dzakatetepa branching filaments kazhinji chena - hyphae. Izvi, mumwe anowana pacharo fruiting muviri. In dzakakwirira notumwe mycelium iri zvipuka zvine masero akawanda, yezasi - acellular. Chaizvoizvo fruiting muviri zvingaite chete shlyapochnye mhuka.

Basa howa zvakasikwa

Ose oupenyu zvoutachiona panyika rakakamurwa mapoka matatu makuru: chirimwa umambo, mhuka uye hunokuvadza. The yokupedzisira inomiririrwa guru siyana maumbirwo uye mhando. Pasina chaakasiya notumwe kuita basa chairwo hunhu vanamukoti, achitora Zvinoshingaira mune zvinogona dzemhuka zvinoitwa nevanhu, uyewo wokukudza mhando akafa makemikari nyaya. Shlyapochnye vamiririri rechitatu umambo chaivo inowanzoshandiswa nevanhu uye mhuka zvokudya. Rinobva nyama pamusoro mamwe makemikari kubatsira nekupodzwa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

mamiriro

Fruit muviri pileate marudzi gumbo wanamatira mycelium. Pane imwe Zvivako vanogona kukura chihombe chitsama. Mycelium (chii, tinenge tawana kubva) chinosanganisira matete tambo chena, anogona kugara imwe nzvimbo huru panyika. Kusiyana chirimwa notumwe regai anotumbuka uye musapa michero kana mbeu. Kazhinji bereka kubudikidza spores anobudiswa panguva unooma pamusoro fruiting muviri. Kamwe mumwaka ezvinhu, izvi duku "rubanzu guruva" munguva yakafanira kosi kupa mycelium itsva, uye ipapo kutenderera rinodzokorora.

mhando

Vamiririri zvipenyu umambo vakakamurwa muzvikwata mikuru mitatu:

• Amanita. Ichi ndicho boka vari kudyiwa nevanhu nemhuka. Panewo muchetura mhando. All Howa shlyapochnye dzinoiswa sezvo tubular uye ndiro.
• Chakuvhuvhu. Akakamurwa penetsilly uye Mucor. Zvikuru dzinonakidza mamiriro mycelium matsva mhando. Anomiririra imwe huru, zvikuru mapazi ane muzvizhinji foni nuclei. Penicillium mycelium anoumbwa munhu muzvizhinji masero akaparadzaniswa nevanhu partitions.
• Mbiriso. Asi mycelium ichi rudzi rinoumbwa dzaitongwa. The muviri pamusoro yeasts chinosanganisira sero rimwe chete.

Nzira kudyisa uye kubereka

Shlyapochnye howa kukura kunyanya pasi. Mycelium (chii, zvino munoziva) pamusoro wayo pepasi kuminyuka mvura ichiputswa nezvokudya zvinobva muvhu. Dzimwe uyewo kukanganisa hunde dzacho miti kana dzavo nemidzi. Muchiitiko chino, zvakafanira kuti kukura zvinhu kupinda mycelia uye fruiting muviri munyama yavo. Lower notumwe kazhinji parasitize miti uye kunyange nemhuka kana vanhu.

Muwande vamiririri ava zvipenyu umambo asingagoni chete kusawirirana. Zvakajairika nzira ariwo bazi mycelium zvidimbu. Saka kuparadzira mycelium penicillium, pileate zvipenyu uye zvichingodaro. D. Kana kuchera chiduku chikamu kuita kuti pave uye kuibvisa kune imwe nzvimbo, uri simba chaizvo uye achaita pasi akanaka ezvinhu kukura. Mbiriso, mycelium pasina, bereka nokuda yotunga. Zvimwe mhando howa vanokwanisa yakataurwa kubatanidzwa nomumwe masero mukono nehadzi kuumba zygote.

Species akura

Chokwadi, kwakadaro mumiririri anobatsira oumambo chaivo zvikuru kakawanda akatunhidzwa artificially. Ainyanya akura shlyapochnye mhando notumwe uye penicillium. Muchiitiko chokutanga, anokosha mutengo ndiwo fruiting muviri, paunogona kugadzirira inonaka ndiro. Rakajairika zvipenyu zviri akura nemunhu, ndivo Oyster mushroom uye champignon. Dzimwe nguva kurambana uye mamwe shlyapochnye howa.

The mycelium of chakuvhe genus Penicillium (chakuvhuvhu) rapera zvikurukuru hwokubereka makemikari ayo dzakwidzwa kugadzirwa kubva nemishonga. Shandisa kuti penicillin nokuti kurapwa kwezvirwere zvakadai peritonitis, endocarditis, osteo Melita, gonokkoki etc. Open fuma iyi yaiva 1928 Aleksandrom Flemingom.

vanokura pachavo Oyster howa: kugadzirira zvinhu

Miti iyi howa iri maberekero kupfuura vane mwero. Kuti mashoko sei achikura, uye tichazotaurirana mberi. Kuti awane Kumora Oyster howa pachavo nyika yacho, unofanira kugadzirira zvinotevera:

• Chaizvoizvo mycelium. "Chii ichi?" - nokuti iwe zvino haisi mubvunzo. Mycelium inogona kutengwa nemasangano dzinobatanidzwa maberekero uye kutengesa.
• Several stubs 35 - 55 masendimita refu uye 20 cm mu dhayamita. Haugoni kutora zvinhu kubva coniferous miti. Chokwadi chokuti nebwe huri mune matanda akadaro, musi mycelium tigume. Nani kutora hemp kuti miti yemichero - peya, Apple, etc.
• Manyowa ivhu pamwe mupfudze zvidimbu.
• Polyethylene firimu.

Unofanira nesanhu uye hacksaw.

nguva disembarkation

Akadyara Oyster kakawanda muna May. Panyaya iyi, chikuru chirimwa achava anowanika August kana September. Kwegore uchatanga kukura howa pamusoro stumps zvakakwana, uye vanogona inounganidzwa muzhizha uye kwematsutso. Zvisinei, makore matatu okuberekwa, "mibhedha" zvimwe kuti kubviswa uye apiwa itange.

Huru basa

Hemp pasi Oyster dzingangotsauswa zvishoma nokuda, asi kwete kuora. Kuaisa shaded nzvimbo dzakakwirira mwando. Unogona anoyerera achibva pasi miti, kana ani, patsime, etc.

Pre pamusoro pepasi pamusoro stumps, uye kuti kudzika maronda muchinjikwa pfupi. Zvadaro, vachava rudzi "mubhedha" nokuda mycelium. stumps Next akachera muvhu kuti varambe panguva pamusoro 15-30 cm.

Zvino akaita maronda ikodzere hafu vawana mycelium. Pane imwe hunde yake awire 300 magiramu. Uyezve, kumativi nerimwe "mibhedha" kuti miforo diki muvhu. Vakaisa yasara Oyster mycelium (howa kuchawedzera pano) uye cover ivhu nyoro yakasanganiswa manyowa. Iye nehope uye zvose hemp zvawo. Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura polyethylene pakavha firimu hwakarongwa saka duku "teplichku".

In mamiriro iri stumps vakasiya kwevhiki nhatu. Pavakangopedza uchava Oyster wokutanga, firimu anogona kubviswa. Anodiridza muti stumps pamusoro kamwe pavhiki.

How zvikure howa?

Ndizvo mycelium kwazvakaita ichi, munoziva - sezvinoita vamwe vose - mnogokletochuyu Whitehead Textile mamiriro. Nokuti vakawanda fruiting miviri vanofanira nechokwadi ake Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kukura ezvinhu. Sanganisa Howa mu wedzimba uye mudzimba ari tembiricha kwete kupfuura 15-16 c. Mukamuri apo kurima howa iri vakaronga, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, anobudirira kufefetedza hurongwa anofanira yakagadzirwa. Unofanirawo nechokwadi kusavapo zvakakwana chezuva.

unogona kukura howa uye kodzero pamusoro nzvimbo kana uchida. Muchiitiko chino, mubhedha rakakamurwa rwokumusoro mumba kana pasi pemiti. Muchiitiko chino, zvinofanira akapa kufefetedza zvakanaka. Nokuti ruminant pane iyi, achitora mycelium howa akatevedzana. Kana yakura panze zvakakosha kudzivisa richidonhera pasi pamwe mycelium kunayisa. Kuti izvi zvidaro, mumwe mubhedha akazadza firimu.

Saka, zvino munoziva chii mycelium pamusoro chakuvhe genus Penicillium, Mucor uye pileate. Mhando dzakasiyana zvinogona kuva zvakasiyana yakarongeka - non-cellular kana zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Mycelium inokura nokukurumidza uye kana uchida panzvimbo, unogona kuwana goho guru chete kana kunyange Oyster howa.