Maitiro ekushandura: urongwa, zvikamu, zvinyorwa, maitiro

Iye zvino kunyange vanhu vari kure neI IT sphere vanoziva kuti pane maitiro akasiyana ekushanda. Nhamba yazvo yakawedzera zvinoshamisa kunyange pamusoro pemakore mashanu akapfuura, kunyanya maererano nekukura kwemafoni emafaira efoni. Ndezvipi zvavanosangana nazvo, chii chavanopesana, chii chavanobatsira uye zvisingabatsiri?

Kurongeka kwezvirongwa

Izvo zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe muzvikamu zvakasiyana, kunyanya, mukupararira kwemabasa pakati pemakombiyuta. Makirasi emitambo yekushandura uye mitambo ivo pachavo ndeyi:

• Peer-to-peer;
• Peer-to-peer (maiva nemaseva akazvitsaurira).

Kune makombiyuta anopa zvinhu zvavo kune vamwe. Munyaya iyi, vanoita senhare network. Mumwe wacho ndiye mutengi wavo. Makombiyuta anogona kuita ichi kana chechipiri basa kana kuvabatanidza pamwe chete. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirongwa chekushandira chinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi.

Nhamba yezvirongwa zvakakurumbira

Ndeipi iyo inonyanyozivikanwa yekushandura zvirongwa pakati pevashandisi? Rwendo runotarisa seizvi:

• Windows.
• MacOS.
• Android.
• Ubuntu.
• Linux nevamwe.

Iko kunewo zvishoma zvakakurumbira. Somuenzaniso, Fedora kana Back Back. Asi ivo vanojairika mune imwe nzvimbo yakanyanyisa yevadzidzisi.

Ungasarudza sei?

Pane mitemo yakasiyana yevashandisi. Izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa kwekushandiswa uye mukana wekushanda maitiro. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinobatsira uye zvinokanganisa. Imwe inokosha inoshanda, yechipiri - inoratidziro, chechitatu - chivimbiso chekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko ega ega. Mashandisirwo emakambani eCPs, urongwa hwehurefu hwakareba kune hwakagadzirirwa mafaira eunhare, hunosiyana kubva kune wechipiri pamwe chete nezvinodiwa kumushandisi.

Vanopa vashandisi vavo imwe nzira yakasiyana yekunyaradza uye mishonga yekugadzirisa, nenzira dzakawanda sarudzo inogadziriswa nebasa revanhu.

Windows Features

Mumakore achangopfuura, maitiro matsva ekushanda akaonekwa. Nhamba yeiyo yakakurumbira yakawedzerwa Android uye iOS. Zvisinei, iyo iWindows OS, sezvakaitika kare, inoramba ichinyanya kudiwa munyika.

Haisi chete iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa purogiramu yekushanda, asiwo inonyanya kusununguka pakushandisa, yakanaka kune vanotanga. Vana vekuchikoro, vashandi vehofisi uye vanhu vemazera akasiyana-siyana-inenge yese inoshandisa maWindows operating systems. Linux inowanzoshandiswa nevanongoruzivo.

Pros

Zvinyorwa zvinokosha zveWinda anonyanya kudiwa ndezvokuti:

• User-friendly interface;
• Nhamba yakawanda yehuwandu hwepurogiramu inokwanisa kuiswa panzvimbo yepachena;
• Kuiswa nyore nekugadzirisa;
• Kusununguka kwehutungamiri hwe server.

Windows Cons

Mamwe maBhaibheri e "Vindous" anorayirwa maitiro ekushanda. Nyora yacho inogona kuwanikwa mumasangano. Iko mari yepamusoro ye software ndeyekusakosha kukuru kweWindows.

Chimwe chinhu chakaipa ndechokusagadzikana uye kunetseka kwemhuri yose ye OS kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana e-malware.

Latest version

Ingani iyo Windows 10 inodhura? Izvo zvose zvinotendwa nepi zvinyorwa zvichave-pamba kana unyanzvi. Muchiitiko chekutanga, mari yacho inenge inenge 6 000 rubles, uye muchipiri - anenge 10 000 rubles.

Kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira, kufanana neyo yapfuura, kunogona kuva ne-classic interface kana zvakafanana neG8, apo iwe unogona kushandura icons pane desktop.

Kupindura mhinduro inonzwisisika kumubvunzo wehuwandu hweWindows 10 dzinodhura, chokwadi chokuti mari yacho yakawanda, tinofanira kunyevera: usakurumidza kunetseka. Mushure mezvose, reisensi iyo inopiwa kumushandisi haina nguva yekupedzisira. Asi mapurogiramu akadai semitambo yepaIndaneti, antivirus kana Office, inoda kudzokorora nguva dzose pamutengo wemari.

Nenzira, kana iwe une yekare yakagadziriswa shanduro yeWindows yakagadzirirwa pamakombiyuta yako, unogona kuigadzirisa kune yakasununguka yekusununguka.

Previous Windows OS

Pasinei nokubudiswa kwepurogiramu itsva, pane avo vanofara kushandisa mairi apfuura. Shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzehurongwa hwekushandisa dzine zvigaro zvazvo. Iye zvino, pamwe chete ne "gumi", vazhinji vanoramba vachishandisa "zvisere" uye "zvinomwe".

Windows 7 yakabuda muna 2009. Icho chaisanganisira zvose kusimbiswa kwe "Vista" yapfuura, uyewo zvese zvitsva zvinogadzirisa zvinongoratidzwa uye mapurogiramu akapinza. Mamwe software - mitambo, maitiro, unyanzvi hwekombiyuta, nezvimwewo hazvina kubviswa.

"Zvinomwe" zvine zvinyorwa zvakawanda:

• Initial;
• Home based;
• Imba yakawedzerwa;
• Corporate;
• Professional;
• The maximum.

Icho chinotevera chinotevera chekushanda kwayo - Windows 8 yakabudiswa muna 2012. Chinyorwa chayo chikuru chakanga chachinjwa chinoshandiswa, chakange chichigadziriswa kushanda pane zvigadzirwa zvefoni. Kusvika iye zvino, kambani iyi yekambani ndiyo yakatengeswa.

Obsolete versions

Kune imwe nguva yakakurumbira, asi ikozvino inenge yakanganwa kushandiswa kwehurongwa. Iwe unogona kutanga urongwa neWindows 95, zvaive nehuyu shanduro iyo vakawanda vakatanga kushanda nePC panguva imwe. Mushure mekunge yaonekwa ichinyanya kutaurwa neWindows 98. Inotevera sangano - Windows 2000 - yakabuda panguva yekupera kwemakumi emakore uye yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa pane zvigadzirwa zvine 32-bit processors.

Zvisinei, kudada kwechokwadi kwakawanikwa muWindows XP, yakaonekwa muna 2001. Kubwinya kwayo, kwakangobva kugovera yechinomwe uye yechisere yehanduro. Kwemakore anopfuura gumi, yakanga iri XP iyo yakasarudza kuisa vashandisi pamakombiyuta avo uye makombikiti.

Mushandisi wevashandisi inotevera waiva Vista, asi hutano hwahwo uye hunhu, maererano nenyanzvi, dzakanga dzisina simba, ndicho chikonzero chakanga chisingawanikwi.

Mamwe maitiro ekushanda kweMakombiyuta

Zvisinei, havasi vose vanoshandisa Windows. Kune mamwe maitiro ekushanda kwePC. Nyaya yacho inosanganisira, kunyanya, MacOS, Linux Ubuntu uye Zvimwe zvinogadziriswa. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa nevadzidzisi vanyoro-purogiramu.

Ubuntu yakasikwa pachishandiswa Linux. Yaro inoshandiswa yakafanana neMac, asi iyo yose yakafanana yakafanana neWindows. Vashandi vanokoshesa usability, kugadzikana uye chokwadi chokuti OS inogona kuwanikwa pasina. Vanofananawo nekukurumidza kwemakina. Asi Ubuntu uyewo ine matambudziko - nhamba shomanana yemapurogiramu, mitambo, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwehutungamiri huripo.

MacOS iyi inoshandiswa neApple pamakombiyuta ekugadzirwa kwayo. Inonzi premium premium user product - ine mazano akanaka, user-friendly interface uye yakanakisisa multimedia capabilities. Asi iyi sarudzo haigoneki kumunhu wose, nokuti zvose makombiyuta pachavo neAs of the brand Apple, vachienzaniswa nevamwe, zvinoshamisa zvikuru.

Uyewo kune PC, vamwe vanoshandisa Linux. Iyi sarudzo yakasununguka, yakagadzikana, yakagadzirirwa nevakawanda yakavakwa-mu software. Zvisinei, pasinei nezvose izvi zvinobatsira, inoda unyanzvi hunoshandiswa pakushandisa. Nokudaro, Linux inowanzoiswa nevarimi, vashandisi uye dzimwe nyanzvi.

Shanda pane zvigadzirwa zvefoni

Sezvaunoziva, vashandisi vakawanda vanoshandisa kushandisa Indaneti kwete kubva kumapuruta nemaPc, asi kubva kumagetsi efoni - mafoni uye mapiritsi. Iko kune maitiro anoshanda ayo akagadzirirwa zvakananga kwavari. Yakawanda ndeye Android uye iOS. Asi "Symbian" yakatove yakarasikirwa neyakambove yakakurumbira, nokuti inyanzvi yayo haigoni kuvhara zvido zvevashandisi.

Pakutanga muhuwandu hwemashoko nemuganhu mukuru ndi "Android". Mushure mezvose, kana IOS iine OS yakagadzirirwa zvakakwana madivaysi a Apple, wechipiri inogona kushanda pamafoni uye mahwendefa emamwe mabhuku, somuenzaniso:

• Samsung.
• LG.
• Sony.
• Lenovo nevamwe.

"Android" ine shanduro yakakodzera kune vashandisi vayo, inovabvumira kushandisa yakakwirira software panzvimbo zhinji pasina chekuita. Iyo yakakodzera kwete chete mafoni uye mahwendefa, asiwo zvemazuva ano "smart TV". Devices anobva pane iyi OS anogona kuzvidzora pachake uye kuita shanduko kumabasa avo.

Asi iOS, iyo inogadzirwa neApple, inoonekwa seyo yakasimba uye inoshanda zvakakurumidza, inopa vatengi vane mifananidzo yakanaka ye multimedia. Asi kuenzaniswa ne "Android", inodhura zvikuru, sezvo pane zvishoma zvishoma software mairi. Uye iyo inopiwa mari ndeyemodhura.

Anenge makore gumi uye apfuura, avo vakashandisa Indaneti pamaserura efoni vakashandisa sarudzo "Symbian", iyo yakanga iri kubatana kwekufambisa kwevatungamiri vatungamiriri panguva iyoyo (Nokia, Motorola nevamwe). Inoshanda kunyange ikozvino, asi, kana ichienzaniswa neIOS uye "Android", haikwanisi kurarama nemabasa ayo vemazuva ano emafoni efoni anosarudza ivo pachawo.

Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa

Mukuwedzera kuneAV inowanzoitirwa makombiyuta uye mafoni emafoni, pane zvishoma zvisingazikamwi, zvizhinji zvadzo zvinoshandiswa nehuwandu hweLinux uye zvinoda hupamhi hwehutano hwemashandisi. Imwe yakadaro ndiyo Fedora. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekusimudzira kwakasimba, zvinenge zvisingagumbwi maererano nemabasa. Iwe unogona kukanganwa pamusoro pekurembera, kamwe-kamwe kuwandisa uye mamwe matambudziko.

Iko kunewo zvirongwa zvekushanda zvakajeka. Somuenzaniso, Back Track. Iyi sarudzo yakasununguka uye inoshandiswa nevashambadzi pasi rose. Nyaya yekudengenyeka yakaitwa nekuda kweRwendo Track. Yakave yakagadziridzwa kuwana ruzivo rusina mvumo yekudzivirira data kubva pane imwe kombiyuta.

Vanhu avo vari kure nekombiyuta, havazivi zvishoma nezvezvinhu zvekushanda kwehurongwa uye nhamba yavo chaiye. Pamakomputa kana pamakombiyuta vanoisa "Vindous", iPhones dzakagadzirwa nemapurogiramu ezvo, uye pane mamwe mafoni kana mapiritsi, iyo "Android" yakasara yakaiswa.

Asi pane nhamba huru yeimwe hurongwa, ivo havakwanisi kugadzirirwa zvakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwezvinhu zvavo. Kusarudzwa kweizvi kana kuti OS kunotanga kutanga pane zvose pamabasa ayo munhu anozviisa.